ブルキナファソのPlinthosols出現地に植栽した4樹種の根系成長に見られる特徴：保育ブロック法を適用して
ブルキナファソにおいて，硬盤層を形成するPlinthosolsが見られる土地に4樹種（Sesbania sesban，Leucaena leucocephala，Piliostigma reticulatum，Parkia biglobosa）の苗木植栽を行い，その地上部と地下部の成長傾向を観察した．苗木育成法として，日本国内の脊悪地における緑化試験に実績があり，健全な直根の育成に主眼を置く保育ブロック方式（SB）法を用い，プラスティックポット（PP）苗との植栽比較を行った（合計288本，2017年7月植栽）．SB苗は病虫害発生等の被害木を除き植栽後29ヶ月の間に約90%の生存率を維持した．ま...
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| Published in | 沙漠研究 Vol. 34; no. 1; pp. 17 - 33 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English Japanese |
| Published |
日本沙漠学会
30.06.2024
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0917-6985 2189-1761 |
| DOI | 10.14976/jals.34.1_17 |
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| Abstract | ブルキナファソにおいて，硬盤層を形成するPlinthosolsが見られる土地に4樹種（Sesbania sesban，Leucaena leucocephala，Piliostigma reticulatum，Parkia biglobosa）の苗木植栽を行い，その地上部と地下部の成長傾向を観察した．苗木育成法として，日本国内の脊悪地における緑化試験に実績があり，健全な直根の育成に主眼を置く保育ブロック方式（SB）法を用い，プラスティックポット（PP）苗との植栽比較を行った（合計288本，2017年7月植栽）．SB苗は病虫害発生等の被害木を除き植栽後29ヶ月の間に約90%の生存率を維持した．また29ヶ月時点の平均根元直径（D）および平均樹高（H）は，SB苗がPP苗に対して4樹種とも僅かに高くP. reticulatumではD，H共に有意差が検出された．二回行った試験木掘削調査の結果，植栽12ヶ月後（サンプル本数61本，2018年8月採集）と39ヶ月後（同65本，2020年10月採集）には，地上部，地下部および合計バイオマス（AGB，BGB，Total）がP. reticulatumを除く3樹種においてSB苗がPP苗を平均値で上廻り一部に有意差が検出された．根の最大到達深度（MRD）とBGBとの間には植栽12ヶ月後と39ヶ月後のいずれにも相関は見られず，12ヶ月後のMRDの70%（最頻値42 cm）が地下40-55 cmに分布した状況は39ヶ月目になっても同率70%（最頻値は40 cm）と変わらなかった．試験隣接地をエンジンオーガーにより掘削（162箇所）した硬盤層深の計測では最頻値が深さ40 cmにあり，比較的浅い位置に根の伸長にとって障壁のあることが判明した．さらに，二回の掘削木調査の時点間に，BGBは2.4-9.8倍（4樹種，SB･PP苗間の有意差は認められず）に増加していたことを考慮すると，樹種・育苗方法に関わらず，直根の垂直的な成長は大半が浅い位置の硬盤層によって制限され，多くの根は硬盤層より浅い土層のみで増加･成長したと推察された．アフリカの植林活動に初めて導入した保育ブロック苗は，育苗･植林法として適用可能なことが確認されたが，硬盤層の存在する土地では樹木の直根を誘導するために岩石穿孔など補助的手法が必要と考えられ，さらなる検討の機会が期待される． |
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| AbstractList | ブルキナファソにおいて，硬盤層を形成するPlinthosolsが見られる土地に4樹種（Sesbania sesban，Leucaena leucocephala，Piliostigma reticulatum，Parkia biglobosa）の苗木植栽を行い，その地上部と地下部の成長傾向を観察した．苗木育成法として，日本国内の脊悪地における緑化試験に実績があり，健全な直根の育成に主眼を置く保育ブロック方式（SB）法を用い，プラスティックポット（PP）苗との植栽比較を行った（合計288本，2017年7月植栽）．SB苗は病虫害発生等の被害木を除き植栽後29ヶ月の間に約90%の生存率を維持した．また29ヶ月時点の平均根元直径（D）および平均樹高（H）は，SB苗がPP苗に対して4樹種とも僅かに高くP. reticulatumではD，H共に有意差が検出された．二回行った試験木掘削調査の結果，植栽12ヶ月後（サンプル本数61本，2018年8月採集）と39ヶ月後（同65本，2020年10月採集）には，地上部，地下部および合計バイオマス（AGB，BGB，Total）がP. reticulatumを除く3樹種においてSB苗がPP苗を平均値で上廻り一部に有意差が検出された．根の最大到達深度（MRD）とBGBとの間には植栽12ヶ月後と39ヶ月後のいずれにも相関は見られず，12ヶ月後のMRDの70%（最頻値42 cm）が地下40-55 cmに分布した状況は39ヶ月目になっても同率70%（最頻値は40 cm）と変わらなかった．試験隣接地をエンジンオーガーにより掘削（162箇所）した硬盤層深の計測では最頻値が深さ40 cmにあり，比較的浅い位置に根の伸長にとって障壁のあることが判明した．さらに，二回の掘削木調査の時点間に，BGBは2.4-9.8倍（4樹種，SB･PP苗間の有意差は認められず）に増加していたことを考慮すると，樹種・育苗方法に関わらず，直根の垂直的な成長は大半が浅い位置の硬盤層によって制限され，多くの根は硬盤層より浅い土層のみで増加･成長したと推察された．アフリカの植林活動に初めて導入した保育ブロック苗は，育苗･植林法として適用可能なことが確認されたが，硬盤層の存在する土地では樹木の直根を誘導するために岩石穿孔など補助的手法が必要と考えられ，さらなる検討の機会が期待される． |
| Author | 竹中, 浩一 山寺, 喜成 コアラ, ジョナス |
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| References | Noulèkoun F., Lamers J. P. A, Naab J., Khamzina A. (2017): Shoot and root responses of woody species to silvicultural management for afforestation of degraded croplands in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Benin. Forest Ecology and Management, 385 (2017): 254-263. Bahar N. H. A., Loa M., Sanjaya M., Van Vianen J., Alexander P., Ickowitz A., Sunderland T. (2020): Meeting the food security challenge for nine billion people in 2050: What impact on forests? Global Environmental Change, 62 (2020): 102056. Takenaka K., Ikazaki K., Simporé S., Kaboré F., Thiombiano N., Koala J. (2021): Changes in Woody Vegetation over 31 Years in Farmed Parkland of the Central Plateau, Burkina Faso. Land 2021, 10: 470. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10050470 Pinstrup-Andersen P., Pandya-Lorch R. (1998): Food security and sustainable use of natural resources: a 2020 Vision. Ecological Economics, 26 (1): 1-10. Bond W. J., Stevens N., Midgley G. F., Lehmann C. E. R. (2019): The Trouble with Trees: Afforestation Plans for Africa. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 34 (11): 963-965. Hartemink A. E., Buresh R. J., Jama B., Janssen B. H. (1996): Soil Nitrate and Water Dynamics in Sesbania Fallows, Weed Fallows, and Maize. Soil Sci. Am. J., 60: 568-574. Kyuma K. (2001): Tropical pedology. Nagoya University Press, 454. Yélémou B., Yaméogo G., Millogo Rasolodimby J., Hien V. (2007): Germination sexuée et dynamique de développement de Piliostigma reticulatum (D. C.) Hochst, une espèce agroforestière du Burkina Faso. Sécheresse, 18 (3): 185-192. Arbonnier M. (2002) : Arbres, arbustes et lianes des zones sèches d’Afrique de l’ouest. 2ème edition. CIRAD MNHN, 573. Saito M., Ko W., Obayashi S., Shao C., Chen S., Dai Q. (2010): Experimental study on the application of nursery block technique for ecological restoration in Chinese Semi-arid Area. J. Jpn. Soc. Reveget. Tech, 36 (1): 167-170. (in Japanese) Yanagisawa K., Yamadera Y., Miyazaki T. (2004): Research on Nurse Block using reservoir deposition mud. J. Jpn. Soc. Reveget. Tech, 30 (1): 289-292. (in Japanese) Hirano K., Noguchi K., Oohashi M. (2020): Root Ecology of Forest Trees. Kyoritsu Shuppan, Tokyo, 376. (in Japanese) Yamadera Y. (2010): Revegetation techniques for restoring the natural environment: natural restoration at former quarry sites. Japan Crushed Stone Association, Tokyo, 213. (in Japanese) Paterson S., Bryan B. A. (2012): Food-carbon trade-offs between agriculture and reforestation land uses under alternate market-based policies. Ecology and Society, 17 (3): 21. Japan Patent Office (2011b): A seed bed, its manufacturing method and a seeding method. Japanese patent No. JP-4666833, registration date: January 21, 2011. (in Japanese) Karizumi N. (2010): The latest illustrations of tree roots. Seibundoshinkosha, Tokyo, 937. (in Japanese) Kramer P. J. (1952): Plant and Soil Water relations on the Watershed. Journal Forest, 50: 92-95. Owen-Smith N. (2021): Only in Africa: The Ecology of Human Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 362. Geographical Survey Institute (1990): The National Atlas of Japan: Revised Edition. Japan Map Center, Tokyo, 218. Yélémou B., Yaméogo G., Zerbo L., Koala J., Ganaba S., Millogo-Rasolodimby J. (2013): Adaptation of the genus piliostigma to climatic aridity in the sahel-soudanian zone: Effect of pedoclimatic factors on the root system. Asian J. of Plant Science and Research, 3 (6): 84-94. Tomlinson H., Traore A., Teklehaimanot Z. (1998): An investigation of the root distribution of Parkia biglobosa in Burkina Faso, West Africa, using a logarithmic spiral trench. Forest Ecology and Management, 107: 173-182. Obayashi N., Saito M., Saho N., Yamadera Y., Miyazaki T., Yan Y. (2010): Research on method early-reforestation of a bare mountain in the Yellow River valley. J. Jpn. Soc. Reveget. Tech, 36 (1): 171-174. (in Japanese) IUSS Working Group WRB (2015): World reference base for soil resources 2014, update 2015. World Soil Resources Report, Vol. 106. FAO, Rome. Ikazaki K., Nagumo F., Simporé S., Barro A. (2018): Soil toposequence, productivity, and a simple technique to detect petroplinthites. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 64 (5): 623-631. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2018.1502604 Mekonnen K., Buresha R. J., Jama B. (1997): Root and inorganic nitrogen distributions in sesbania fallow, natural fallow and maize fields. Plant and Soil, 188: 319-327. Japan Patent Office (2011a): The greening method using the nursery block. Japanese Patent No. JP-4660635, registration date: January 14, 2011. (in Japanese) |
| References_xml | – reference: Arbonnier M. (2002) : Arbres, arbustes et lianes des zones sèches d’Afrique de l’ouest. 2ème edition. CIRAD MNHN, 573. – reference: Takenaka K., Ikazaki K., Simporé S., Kaboré F., Thiombiano N., Koala J. (2021): Changes in Woody Vegetation over 31 Years in Farmed Parkland of the Central Plateau, Burkina Faso. Land 2021, 10: 470. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10050470 – reference: Yélémou B., Yaméogo G., Millogo Rasolodimby J., Hien V. (2007): Germination sexuée et dynamique de développement de Piliostigma reticulatum (D. C.) Hochst, une espèce agroforestière du Burkina Faso. Sécheresse, 18 (3): 185-192. – reference: IUSS Working Group WRB (2015): World reference base for soil resources 2014, update 2015. World Soil Resources Report, Vol. 106. FAO, Rome. – reference: Bond W. J., Stevens N., Midgley G. F., Lehmann C. E. R. (2019): The Trouble with Trees: Afforestation Plans for Africa. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 34 (11): 963-965. – reference: Mekonnen K., Buresha R. J., Jama B. (1997): Root and inorganic nitrogen distributions in sesbania fallow, natural fallow and maize fields. Plant and Soil, 188: 319-327. – reference: Yélémou B., Yaméogo G., Zerbo L., Koala J., Ganaba S., Millogo-Rasolodimby J. (2013): Adaptation of the genus piliostigma to climatic aridity in the sahel-soudanian zone: Effect of pedoclimatic factors on the root system. Asian J. of Plant Science and Research, 3 (6): 84-94. – reference: Owen-Smith N. (2021): Only in Africa: The Ecology of Human Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 362. – reference: Bahar N. H. A., Loa M., Sanjaya M., Van Vianen J., Alexander P., Ickowitz A., Sunderland T. (2020): Meeting the food security challenge for nine billion people in 2050: What impact on forests? Global Environmental Change, 62 (2020): 102056. – reference: Pinstrup-Andersen P., Pandya-Lorch R. (1998): Food security and sustainable use of natural resources: a 2020 Vision. Ecological Economics, 26 (1): 1-10. – reference: Kyuma K. (2001): Tropical pedology. Nagoya University Press, 454. – reference: Geographical Survey Institute (1990): The National Atlas of Japan: Revised Edition. Japan Map Center, Tokyo, 218. – reference: Hartemink A. E., Buresh R. J., Jama B., Janssen B. H. (1996): Soil Nitrate and Water Dynamics in Sesbania Fallows, Weed Fallows, and Maize. Soil Sci. Am. J., 60: 568-574. – reference: Karizumi N. (2010): The latest illustrations of tree roots. Seibundoshinkosha, Tokyo, 937. (in Japanese) – reference: Japan Patent Office (2011b): A seed bed, its manufacturing method and a seeding method. Japanese patent No. JP-4666833, registration date: January 21, 2011. (in Japanese) – reference: Kramer P. J. (1952): Plant and Soil Water relations on the Watershed. Journal Forest, 50: 92-95. – reference: Noulèkoun F., Lamers J. P. A, Naab J., Khamzina A. (2017): Shoot and root responses of woody species to silvicultural management for afforestation of degraded croplands in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Benin. Forest Ecology and Management, 385 (2017): 254-263. – reference: Tomlinson H., Traore A., Teklehaimanot Z. (1998): An investigation of the root distribution of Parkia biglobosa in Burkina Faso, West Africa, using a logarithmic spiral trench. Forest Ecology and Management, 107: 173-182. – reference: Obayashi N., Saito M., Saho N., Yamadera Y., Miyazaki T., Yan Y. (2010): Research on method early-reforestation of a bare mountain in the Yellow River valley. J. Jpn. Soc. Reveget. Tech, 36 (1): 171-174. (in Japanese) – reference: Paterson S., Bryan B. A. (2012): Food-carbon trade-offs between agriculture and reforestation land uses under alternate market-based policies. Ecology and Society, 17 (3): 21. – reference: Ikazaki K., Nagumo F., Simporé S., Barro A. (2018): Soil toposequence, productivity, and a simple technique to detect petroplinthites. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 64 (5): 623-631. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2018.1502604 – reference: Saito M., Ko W., Obayashi S., Shao C., Chen S., Dai Q. (2010): Experimental study on the application of nursery block technique for ecological restoration in Chinese Semi-arid Area. J. Jpn. Soc. Reveget. Tech, 36 (1): 167-170. (in Japanese) – reference: Yamadera Y. (2010): Revegetation techniques for restoring the natural environment: natural restoration at former quarry sites. Japan Crushed Stone Association, Tokyo, 213. (in Japanese) – reference: Yanagisawa K., Yamadera Y., Miyazaki T. (2004): Research on Nurse Block using reservoir deposition mud. J. Jpn. Soc. Reveget. Tech, 30 (1): 289-292. (in Japanese) – reference: Hirano K., Noguchi K., Oohashi M. (2020): Root Ecology of Forest Trees. Kyoritsu Shuppan, Tokyo, 376. (in Japanese) – reference: Japan Patent Office (2011a): The greening method using the nursery block. Japanese Patent No. JP-4660635, registration date: January 14, 2011. (in Japanese) |
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| Snippet | ブルキナファソにおいて，硬盤層を形成するPlinthosolsが見られる土地に4樹種（Sesbania sesban，Leucaena leucocephala，Piliostigma reticulatum，Parkia... |
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| SubjectTerms | プラスチック不使用苗 現地資材 直根 硬盤層 苗木培土 |
| Title | ブルキナファソのPlinthosols出現地に植栽した4樹種の根系成長に見られる特徴：保育ブロック法を適用して |
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