農業動物におけるベンチマーキング：コンセプトと応用

この総説の目的は，養豚を例として，ベンチマーキングのコンセプトと応用を説明することである。養豚では，母豚の繁殖成績，肥育豚の肥育成績，そして財務成績をベンチマーキングすることが推奨されている。ベンチマーキングでは，成績の上位10または25パーセンタイルは目標値として使用されている。また，ベストプラクティス・ベンチマーキングでは，優良農場の測定値が目標値，そして普通農場または全農場の平均値が標準値として使用されている。繁殖農場では，母豚の繁殖成績の中で，年間種付け雌豚当たり離乳子豚数 (PWMFY) が主要な測定値として使用されている。優良農場は，PWMFY の上位10または25パーセンタイルの...

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Published in獣医疫学雑誌 Vol. 14; no. 2; pp. 105 - 117
Main Authors 金子, 麻衣, 纐纈, 雄三, 佐々木, 羊介, 市川, 大樹
Format Journal Article
LanguageJapanese
Published 獣医疫学会 2010
Subjects
オペレーション
生産
生産農場
豚
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1343-2583
1881-2562
DOI10.2743/jve.14.105

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Abstract この総説の目的は，養豚を例として，ベンチマーキングのコンセプトと応用を説明することである。養豚では，母豚の繁殖成績，肥育豚の肥育成績，そして財務成績をベンチマーキングすることが推奨されている。ベンチマーキングでは，成績の上位10または25パーセンタイルは目標値として使用されている。また，ベストプラクティス・ベンチマーキングでは，優良農場の測定値が目標値，そして普通農場または全農場の平均値が標準値として使用されている。繁殖農場では，母豚の繁殖成績の中で，年間種付け雌豚当たり離乳子豚数 (PWMFY) が主要な測定値として使用されている。優良農場は，PWMFY の上位10または25パーセンタイルの範囲の農場として選ばれている。PWMFY は，非生産日数，授乳期間，妊娠期間，哺乳中子豚死亡リスク，分娩時生存子豚数，そして一腹当たり離乳子豚数の6つの測定値から構成されている。また補正21日齢総体重は母豚の産乳量の指標でもある。繁殖生産性ではないが，繁殖雌豚の死亡率は，繁殖豚群における群健康と福祉の指標でもある。肥育期は，最も生産コストが発生する時期である。 肥育成績では，平均1日当たり増体量，飼料効率，死亡率が，農場レベル及び群レベルで重要となる。最後に，農場の財務成績を評価することは，企業として成功するためには必須である。総資本利益率，経常利益率，資本回転率という財務成績測定値は，ベンチマーキングとして，同業種または異業種の企業と比較することができる。
AbstractList この総説の目的は，養豚を例として，ベンチマーキングのコンセプトと応用を説明することである。養豚では，母豚の繁殖成績，肥育豚の肥育成績，そして財務成績をベンチマーキングすることが推奨されている。ベンチマーキングでは，成績の上位10または25パーセンタイルは目標値として使用されている。また，ベストプラクティス・ベンチマーキングでは，優良農場の測定値が目標値，そして普通農場または全農場の平均値が標準値として使用されている。繁殖農場では，母豚の繁殖成績の中で，年間種付け雌豚当たり離乳子豚数 (PWMFY) が主要な測定値として使用されている。優良農場は，PWMFY の上位10または25パーセンタイルの範囲の農場として選ばれている。PWMFY は，非生産日数，授乳期間，妊娠期間，哺乳中子豚死亡リスク，分娩時生存子豚数，そして一腹当たり離乳子豚数の6つの測定値から構成されている。また補正21日齢総体重は母豚の産乳量の指標でもある。繁殖生産性ではないが，繁殖雌豚の死亡率は，繁殖豚群における群健康と福祉の指標でもある。肥育期は，最も生産コストが発生する時期である。 肥育成績では，平均1日当たり増体量，飼料効率，死亡率が，農場レベル及び群レベルで重要となる。最後に，農場の財務成績を評価することは，企業として成功するためには必須である。総資本利益率，経常利益率，資本回転率という財務成績測定値は，ベンチマーキングとして，同業種または異業種の企業と比較することができる。
Author 金子, 麻衣
纐纈, 雄三
佐々木, 羊介
市川, 大樹
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References 26) Maes, D. G. D., Duchateau L, Larriestra A, Deen J., Morrison R.B. and de Kruif A. : Risk factors for mortality in grow-finishing pigs in Belgium. J. Vet. Med. B., 51, 321-326, 2004.
18) Koketsu, Y. : High-performing swine herds improved reproductive performance differently from ordinary herds for five years. J. Anim. Sci., 85, 3110-3115, 2007.
34) Sasaki, Y. and Koketsu, Y. : Variability and repeatability in gestation length related with litter performances in female pigs on commercial farms. Theriogenology, 68, 123-127, 2007.
23) Leenhouwers, J. I., van der Lende, T. and Knol, E. F. : Analysis of stillbirth in different lines of pig. Livest. Prod. Sci., 57, 243-253, 1999.
24) Losinger, W. C., et al. : An analysis of mortality in the grower/finisher phase of swine production in the United States. 33, 121-145, 1998.
31) PigCHAMP.: PigCHAMP Reports Manual. University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 1996.
1) Alexopoulos, C., et al. : Sow performance in an endemically porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)-infected farm after sow vaccination with an attenuated PRRS vaccine. Vet. Microbiol., 111, 151-157, 2005.
10) Donovan, T. S. and Dritz, S. S. : Effect of split nursing on variation in pig growth from birth to weaning. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Asso., 217, 79-81, 2000.
29) Muirhead, M. R. : Constraints on productivity in the pig herd. Vet. Rec., 102, 228-231, 1978.
41) Wilson, M. R., et al. : A survey of productivity and its component interrelationships in Canadian swine herds. J. Anim. Sci. 62, 576-582, 1986.
5) Deen, J. : Summary of the 2007 data. Pages 10-11. Benchmark. Farms.com Media & PigCHAMP, Ames, 2008.
22) Koketsu, Y., Takenobu, S. and Nakamura, R. : Preweaning mortality risks and recorded causes of death associated with production factors in swine breeding herds. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 68, 821-826, 2006.
37) Stein, T. E., Duffy, S. J. and Wickstrom, S. : Differences in production values between highand low-productivity swine breeding herds. J. Anim. Sci., 68, 3972-3979, 1990.
39) Vonnahme, K. A., et al. : Impacts on conceptus survival in a commercial swine herd. J. Anim. Sci. 80, 553-559, 2002.
6) Dial, G. D., et al. : Reproductive failure : Differential diagnosis. In : Leman, A. L., Straw, B. E., Mengeling, W. L., D’Allaire, S. and Taylor, D. J. ed., Diseases of Swine, 7th ed. 88-137, Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1992a.
20) Koketsu, Y. : Reproductive productivity measurements in Japanese swine breeding herds. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 64, 195-198, 2002.
12) Friis, R. H. and Seller, T. A. : Epidemiology for Public Health Practice. 87-126. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, London, 2004.
33) NSIF : Appendix 2. Adjustment Factors. In Guidelines for Uniform Swine Improvement Program (Rev. Ed.). National Pork Producers Council, Des Moines, 1987.
2) Chagnon, M., D’ Allaire, S. and Drolet, R. : A prospective study of sow mortality in breeding herds. Can. J. Vet. Res. 55, 180-184, 1991.
32) Polson, D. D., Dial, G. D. and Marsh, W. E. : A biological and financial characterization of nonproductive days. Proc. Int. Pig Vet. Soc., 11, 372, 1992.
7) Dial, G. D., et al. : Strategies employed in the United States for improving the health of swine. Pig News Infor. 13, 111-123, 1992b.
17) Koketsu, Y. : Mortality trends and comparisons between mortality risk and mortality rate of fattening pig operations in farrow-to-finish herds. J. Vet. Epi., 11, 90-95, 2008.
4) Deen, J. and Xue, J-L. : Sow mortality in the US : An industry-wide perspective. Proc. AD Leman Conf. 26, 91-94, 1999.
14) Hoshino, Y. and Koketsu, Y. : Assessment of post-farrowing performance in sows having a high number of pigs born dead on commercial farms. Livest. Sci., 125, 244-248, 2009.
27) Main, R. G., et al. : Increasing weaning age improves pig performance in a multisite production system. J. Anim. Sci., 82, 1499-1507, 2004.
30) Pettigrew, J. E. : Supplemental dietary fat for peripartal sows : a review. J. Anim. Sci., 53, 107-117, 1981.
15) Hoshino, Y., Sasaki, Y. and Koketsu, Y. : A high percentage of pigs born dead for sows in high-, intermediateand low-performing herds. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 71, 1579-1583, 2009.
16) Klindt, J. : Influence of litter size and creep feeding on preweaning gain and influence of preweaning growth on growth to slaughter in barrows. J. Anim. Sci., 81, 2434-2439, 2003.
9) DiPietre, D., Fuchs, L. and Tubbs, R. : Using the DuPont model. Proc. AD Leman Conf. 24, 95-102, 1997.
11) Fetrow, J. : Record systems and herd monitoring. In Radostits, O. M., Leslie, K. E., Fetrow, J. ed. Herd Health : Food Animal Production Medicine. 2nd ed., 49-71, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1994.
21) Koketsu, Y. : Productivity characteristics of high-performing swine farms. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Asso. 215, 376-379, 1999.
8) Dial, G. D., et al. : Use of records to manage the performance of the grow-finish phase of production. Proc. AD Leman Conf. 23, 157-173, 1996.
36) Sasaki, Y. and Koketsu, Y. : Culling intervals and culling risks in four stages of the reproductive life of first service and reserviced female pigs in commercial herds. Theriogenology, 73, 587-594, 2010.
25) Maes, D., et al. : A retrospective study of mortality in grow-finish pigs in a multi-site production system. Swine Health Prod. 9, 267-273, 2001.
40) Van Til, L. D., et al. : A survey of biological productivity of Prince Edward Island swine herds. Can. J. Vet. Res., 55, 174-179, 1991.
28) Miller, J. M., De Meyer, A. and Nakane J. Benchmarking global manufacturing. 19-32, Richard D. Irwin, Inc., New York. 1992.
38) Tanaka, Y. and Koketsu, Y. : A survey of reproductive performance and growth performance of pigs on commercial farrow-to-finish swine farms. J. Vet. Epi., 11, 18-22, 2007.
19) Koketsu, Y. : Six component intervals of nonproductive days in breeding-female pigs on commercial farms in Japan. J. Anim. Sci., 83, 1406-1412, 2005.
35) Sasaki, Y. and Koketsu, Y. : Mortality, death interval, survivals, and herd risk factors for female pigs in commercial breeding herds. J. Anim. Sci., 86, 3159-3165, 2008.
3) Christensen, G, Vraa-Andersen, L. and Mousing, J. : Causes of mortality among sows in Danish pig herds. Vet. Rec. 137, 180-184, 1995.
13) Holyoake, P.K., et al. : Reducing pig mortality through supervision during the perinatal period. J. Anim. Sci., 73, 3543-3551, 1995.
References_xml – reference: 31) PigCHAMP.: PigCHAMP Reports Manual. University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 1996.
– reference: 11) Fetrow, J. : Record systems and herd monitoring. In Radostits, O. M., Leslie, K. E., Fetrow, J. ed. Herd Health : Food Animal Production Medicine. 2nd ed., 49-71, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1994.
– reference: 2) Chagnon, M., D’ Allaire, S. and Drolet, R. : A prospective study of sow mortality in breeding herds. Can. J. Vet. Res. 55, 180-184, 1991.
– reference: 22) Koketsu, Y., Takenobu, S. and Nakamura, R. : Preweaning mortality risks and recorded causes of death associated with production factors in swine breeding herds. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 68, 821-826, 2006.
– reference: 37) Stein, T. E., Duffy, S. J. and Wickstrom, S. : Differences in production values between highand low-productivity swine breeding herds. J. Anim. Sci., 68, 3972-3979, 1990.
– reference: 27) Main, R. G., et al. : Increasing weaning age improves pig performance in a multisite production system. J. Anim. Sci., 82, 1499-1507, 2004.
– reference: 13) Holyoake, P.K., et al. : Reducing pig mortality through supervision during the perinatal period. J. Anim. Sci., 73, 3543-3551, 1995.
– reference: 14) Hoshino, Y. and Koketsu, Y. : Assessment of post-farrowing performance in sows having a high number of pigs born dead on commercial farms. Livest. Sci., 125, 244-248, 2009.
– reference: 17) Koketsu, Y. : Mortality trends and comparisons between mortality risk and mortality rate of fattening pig operations in farrow-to-finish herds. J. Vet. Epi., 11, 90-95, 2008.
– reference: 6) Dial, G. D., et al. : Reproductive failure : Differential diagnosis. In : Leman, A. L., Straw, B. E., Mengeling, W. L., D’Allaire, S. and Taylor, D. J. ed., Diseases of Swine, 7th ed. 88-137, Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1992a.
– reference: 35) Sasaki, Y. and Koketsu, Y. : Mortality, death interval, survivals, and herd risk factors for female pigs in commercial breeding herds. J. Anim. Sci., 86, 3159-3165, 2008.
– reference: 20) Koketsu, Y. : Reproductive productivity measurements in Japanese swine breeding herds. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 64, 195-198, 2002.
– reference: 29) Muirhead, M. R. : Constraints on productivity in the pig herd. Vet. Rec., 102, 228-231, 1978.
– reference: 4) Deen, J. and Xue, J-L. : Sow mortality in the US : An industry-wide perspective. Proc. AD Leman Conf. 26, 91-94, 1999.
– reference: 39) Vonnahme, K. A., et al. : Impacts on conceptus survival in a commercial swine herd. J. Anim. Sci. 80, 553-559, 2002.
– reference: 12) Friis, R. H. and Seller, T. A. : Epidemiology for Public Health Practice. 87-126. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, London, 2004.
– reference: 8) Dial, G. D., et al. : Use of records to manage the performance of the grow-finish phase of production. Proc. AD Leman Conf. 23, 157-173, 1996.
– reference: 23) Leenhouwers, J. I., van der Lende, T. and Knol, E. F. : Analysis of stillbirth in different lines of pig. Livest. Prod. Sci., 57, 243-253, 1999.
– reference: 38) Tanaka, Y. and Koketsu, Y. : A survey of reproductive performance and growth performance of pigs on commercial farrow-to-finish swine farms. J. Vet. Epi., 11, 18-22, 2007.
– reference: 26) Maes, D. G. D., Duchateau L, Larriestra A, Deen J., Morrison R.B. and de Kruif A. : Risk factors for mortality in grow-finishing pigs in Belgium. J. Vet. Med. B., 51, 321-326, 2004.
– reference: 40) Van Til, L. D., et al. : A survey of biological productivity of Prince Edward Island swine herds. Can. J. Vet. Res., 55, 174-179, 1991.
– reference: 18) Koketsu, Y. : High-performing swine herds improved reproductive performance differently from ordinary herds for five years. J. Anim. Sci., 85, 3110-3115, 2007.
– reference: 5) Deen, J. : Summary of the 2007 data. Pages 10-11. Benchmark. Farms.com Media & PigCHAMP, Ames, 2008.
– reference: 3) Christensen, G, Vraa-Andersen, L. and Mousing, J. : Causes of mortality among sows in Danish pig herds. Vet. Rec. 137, 180-184, 1995.
– reference: 19) Koketsu, Y. : Six component intervals of nonproductive days in breeding-female pigs on commercial farms in Japan. J. Anim. Sci., 83, 1406-1412, 2005.
– reference: 9) DiPietre, D., Fuchs, L. and Tubbs, R. : Using the DuPont model. Proc. AD Leman Conf. 24, 95-102, 1997.
– reference: 36) Sasaki, Y. and Koketsu, Y. : Culling intervals and culling risks in four stages of the reproductive life of first service and reserviced female pigs in commercial herds. Theriogenology, 73, 587-594, 2010.
– reference: 30) Pettigrew, J. E. : Supplemental dietary fat for peripartal sows : a review. J. Anim. Sci., 53, 107-117, 1981.
– reference: 24) Losinger, W. C., et al. : An analysis of mortality in the grower/finisher phase of swine production in the United States. 33, 121-145, 1998.
– reference: 32) Polson, D. D., Dial, G. D. and Marsh, W. E. : A biological and financial characterization of nonproductive days. Proc. Int. Pig Vet. Soc., 11, 372, 1992.
– reference: 15) Hoshino, Y., Sasaki, Y. and Koketsu, Y. : A high percentage of pigs born dead for sows in high-, intermediateand low-performing herds. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 71, 1579-1583, 2009.
– reference: 21) Koketsu, Y. : Productivity characteristics of high-performing swine farms. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Asso. 215, 376-379, 1999.
– reference: 34) Sasaki, Y. and Koketsu, Y. : Variability and repeatability in gestation length related with litter performances in female pigs on commercial farms. Theriogenology, 68, 123-127, 2007.
– reference: 28) Miller, J. M., De Meyer, A. and Nakane J. Benchmarking global manufacturing. 19-32, Richard D. Irwin, Inc., New York. 1992.
– reference: 33) NSIF : Appendix 2. Adjustment Factors. In Guidelines for Uniform Swine Improvement Program (Rev. Ed.). National Pork Producers Council, Des Moines, 1987.
– reference: 16) Klindt, J. : Influence of litter size and creep feeding on preweaning gain and influence of preweaning growth on growth to slaughter in barrows. J. Anim. Sci., 81, 2434-2439, 2003.
– reference: 7) Dial, G. D., et al. : Strategies employed in the United States for improving the health of swine. Pig News Infor. 13, 111-123, 1992b.
– reference: 1) Alexopoulos, C., et al. : Sow performance in an endemically porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)-infected farm after sow vaccination with an attenuated PRRS vaccine. Vet. Microbiol., 111, 151-157, 2005.
– reference: 41) Wilson, M. R., et al. : A survey of productivity and its component interrelationships in Canadian swine herds. J. Anim. Sci. 62, 576-582, 1986.
– reference: 10) Donovan, T. S. and Dritz, S. S. : Effect of split nursing on variation in pig growth from birth to weaning. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Asso., 217, 79-81, 2000.
– reference: 25) Maes, D., et al. : A retrospective study of mortality in grow-finish pigs in a multi-site production system. Swine Health Prod. 9, 267-273, 2001.
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SubjectTerms オペレーション
生産
生産農場
豚
Title 農業動物におけるベンチマーキング：コンセプトと応用
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ispartofPNX 獣医疫学雑誌, 2010/12/20, Vol.14(2), pp.105-117
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