Trophic cascades by recovered wolf populations: a review of North American and European cases
大型食肉目のオオカミCanis lupusは駆除や生息地破壊によって広域的に個体群が衰退し、欧米や東アジアで地域的に絶滅した。しかし、欧米を中心に保護が行われ、移入によって分布域が回復した地域や、移送による再導入が行われた地域がある。オオカミの復活後に被食者である有蹄類の生息数や行動が変化し、栄養カスケードによって地域の生物多様性や生態系が変化した事例が報告されている。オオカミが絶滅した日本でもその再導入が議論されることもあるが、栄養カスケードに関する日本語の包括的なレビューはなかった。そこで、オオカミの生態的機能を把握する目的で、オオカミ・有蹄類・植物の三栄養段階に関わる栄養カスケードに関す...
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| Published in | JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY Vol. 74; no. 1; p. 11 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
The Ecological Society of Japan
2024
一般社団法人 日本生態学会 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0021-5007 2424-127X |
| DOI | 10.18960/seitai.74.1_11 |
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| Abstract | 大型食肉目のオオカミCanis lupusは駆除や生息地破壊によって広域的に個体群が衰退し、欧米や東アジアで地域的に絶滅した。しかし、欧米を中心に保護が行われ、移入によって分布域が回復した地域や、移送による再導入が行われた地域がある。オオカミの復活後に被食者である有蹄類の生息数や行動が変化し、栄養カスケードによって地域の生物多様性や生態系が変化した事例が報告されている。オオカミが絶滅した日本でもその再導入が議論されることもあるが、栄養カスケードに関する日本語の包括的なレビューはなかった。そこで、オオカミの生態的機能を把握する目的で、オオカミ・有蹄類・植物の三栄養段階に関わる栄養カスケードに関する既往の事例をレビューした結果、米国10地域、欧州6地域の計16事例を確認した。このうち12事例において栄養カスケードが支持され、オオカミ復活後に有蹄類(主にシカ類)の個体数の減少や行動の変化によって植物に対する採食強度が減少し、樹木の生長率や生残率の増加または種数の増加が報告された。レビューから、オオカミ復活による栄養カスケードの有無や強度が景観構造や人為撹乱などの影響を受ける可能性が示唆された。その一方で、既往研究では栄養カスケードに関する調査項目が統一されていないという課題があった。今後はサンプリングバイアスや時間的・空間的スケールを考慮した長期モニタリングによる詳細な検証が必要と考えられる。 |
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| AbstractList | 大型食肉目のオオカミCanis lupusは駆除や生息地破壊によって広域的に個体群が衰退し、欧米や東アジアで地域的に絶滅した。しかし、欧米を中心に保護が行われ、移入によって分布域が回復した地域や、移送による再導入が行われた地域がある。オオカミの復活後に被食者である有蹄類の生息数や行動が変化し、栄養カスケードによって地域の生物多様性や生態系が変化した事例が報告されている。オオカミが絶滅した日本でもその再導入が議論されることもあるが、栄養カスケードに関する日本語の包括的なレビューはなかった。そこで、オオカミの生態的機能を把握する目的で、オオカミ・有蹄類・植物の三栄養段階に関わる栄養カスケードに関する既往の事例をレビューした結果、米国10地域、欧州6地域の計16事例を確認した。このうち12事例において栄養カスケードが支持され、オオカミ復活後に有蹄類(主にシカ類)の個体数の減少や行動の変化によって植物に対する採食強度が減少し、樹木の生長率や生残率の増加または種数の増加が報告された。レビューから、オオカミ復活による栄養カスケードの有無や強度が景観構造や人為撹乱などの影響を受ける可能性が示唆された。その一方で、既往研究では栄養カスケードに関する調査項目が統一されていないという課題があった。今後はサンプリングバイアスや時間的・空間的スケールを考慮した長期モニタリングによる詳細な検証が必要と考えられる。 |
| Author | Enari, Hiroto Tsunoda, Hiroshi Sakurai, Ryo |
| Author_FL | 角田 裕志 江成 広斗 桜井 良 |
| Author_FL_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: 角田 裕志 – sequence: 2 fullname: 江成 広斗 – sequence: 3 fullname: 桜井 良 |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Tsunoda, Hiroshi organization: Center for Environmental Science in Saitama – sequence: 1 fullname: Enari, Hiroto organization: Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University – sequence: 1 fullname: Sakurai, Ryo organization: College of Policy Science, Ritsumeikan University |
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| Copyright | 2024 The Ecological Society of Japan |
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| DocumentTitleAlternate | 復活したオオカミによる栄養カスケード：北米と欧州のレビュー |
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| Publisher | The Ecological Society of Japan 一般社団法人 日本生態学会 |
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