The research on stability analysis, challenges, and coping strategies of high-penetration renewable energy power systems

• Published in: Resources Data Journal Vol. 4; pp. 153 - 182
• Main Authors: Song, Zhiqiong, Li, Yutong, Ma, Zhao, Li, Yemao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Resources Economics Research Board 23.05.2025
• Subjects: Energy Storage System; high-penetration renewable energy; power system stability; smart grid technology; Virtual Synchronous Generator
• ISSN: 2758-1438
• DOI: 10.50908/rdj.4.0_153

This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the multiple challenges posed by high-penetration renewable energy integration to the stability of modern power systems, with a focus on declining system inertia, heightened risks to frequency and voltage stability, suppression of power angle oscillations, and the severe tests faced by grid protection and fault ride-through capabilities. Notably, on April 28, 2025, the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) experienced one of the most severe large-scale blackouts in Europe in recent years. Although the exact cause remains under investigation, the vulnerability of power systems under high renewable penetration cannot be overlooked. In response to these challenges, this paper systematically reviews and analyzes a series of key coping strategies and cutting-edge technologies, including Virtual Synchronous Generators, Energy Storage Systems, Flexible AC Transmission Systems, and the application of advanced smart grid technologies. By examining typical cases from China and abroad and summarizing international practices, this study aims to provide solid theoretical guidance and feasible technical references for ensuring the safe and stable operation of future high-penetration renewable energy power systems, ultimately contributing to the construction of a more resilient and sustainable future grid.