A Review of Research which Discusses the Effects of Obscene Harmful Information from Old Media to the Internet
The spread of the Internet has made it much easier for young people to come into contact with obscene harmful information. The appearance of smartphones which are not always effective at filtering out such information supports this tendency, and new measures to counter this threat are urgently neede...
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| Published in | Journal of Information and Communication Research Vol. 30; no. 2; pp. 2_81 - 2_88 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION RESEARCH
2012
|
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0289-4513 2186-3083 |
| DOI | 10.11430/jsicr.30.2_81 |
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| Abstract | The spread of the Internet has made it much easier for young people to come into contact with obscene harmful information. The appearance of smartphones which are not always effective at filtering out such information supports this tendency, and new measures to counter this threat are urgently needed. This paper reports on the latest trends in research from abroad on mass communication effects which deal with sexually harmful information, and analyzes the special characteristics of the effects such information may have over the Internet and the limits of these study. It is suggested that obscene information is not always harmful, but that what makes it harmful is whether images of sexual violence are depicted and how it shows the reaction of the woman who is involved. We must pay more attention to the actual situation caused by the characteristics of the Internet, including the development of computer graphics and the interactivity of community sites. As there is a limit to how far we can depend on only technical regulation for measures to counter obscene harmful information on the Internet, we must consider new legislation and hope for better media literacy education at home and at school which allows young people to critically understand the potential distortions of sexually obscene information and the special dangers of the Internet. |
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| AbstractList | The spread of the Internet has made it much easier for young people to come into contact with obscene harmful information. The appearance of smartphones which are not always effective at filtering out such information supports this tendency, and new measures to counter this threat are urgently needed. This paper reports on the latest trends in research from abroad on mass communication effects which deal with sexually harmful information, and analyzes the special characteristics of the effects such information may have over the Internet and the limits of these study. It is suggested that obscene information is not always harmful, but that what makes it harmful is whether images of sexual violence are depicted and how it shows the reaction of the woman who is involved. We must pay more attention to the actual situation caused by the characteristics of the Internet, including the development of computer graphics and the interactivity of community sites. As there is a limit to how far we can depend on only technical regulation for measures to counter obscene harmful information on the Internet, we must consider new legislation and hope for better media literacy education at home and at school which allows young people to critically understand the potential distortions of sexually obscene information and the special dangers of the Internet. |
| Author | WATANABE, Mayuko |
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| References | Doring, N. M. (2009). The Internet's impact on sexuality: A critical review of 15 years of research. Computers in Human Behavior 25, pp.1089-1101. Paolucchi, O. E., & Genuis, M., & Violato, C. (2000). A Metaanalysis of the published research on the effects of pornography. The changing family and child development, Aldershot: Ashgate. pp.48-59. Shibuya, A., Sakamoto, A., Ihori, N., Yukawa, S. (2008). The effects of the presence and contexts of video game violence on children: A longitudinal study in Japan. Simulation & Gaming, 39 (4), pp.528-539. Bourke, M. L., & Hernandez, A. E. (2009). The ‘Butner Study’ Redux: a report of the incidence of Hands-on child victimization by child pornography offenders. Journal of Family Violence, 24, 183-191. DeAngelis, T. (2009). Porn use and child abuse. American Psychological Association, Vol 40, No. 11, p56. 三井宏隆 (1990) 「社会科学と社会政策 (II)―Meese Commissionについて―」『哲学』第91集、pp.567-590. 和田正人 (2009) 「暴力メディア接触と非社会的行動と友人関係の関連」『東京学芸大学紀要. 総合教育科学系』 60、pp.475-486. 戸部秀之、竹内一夫、堀田美枝子 (2010) 「児童生徒のテレビゲーム依存傾向および暴力的なゲーム使用と、メンタルヘルス、心理・社会的問題性との関連」『学校保健研究』52巻4号、pp.263-272. Donnerstein, E. & Berkowitz (1981). Victim reactions in aggressive erotic films as a factor in violence against women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 41, pp.710-724. Anderson C. A., Gentile D. A., & Buckley K. E. (2007). Violent video game effects on children and adolescents: Theory, research, and public policy. New York, NY: Ocford University Press. Peter, J. & Valkenburg, P. M. (2008). Adolescents' exposure to sexually explicit Internet material and sexual preoccupancy: A three-wave panel study. Media Psychology, 11, pp.207-234. Kutner, L. & Olson, C. K. (2008). Grand Theft Childhood: The surprising truth about violent video games and what parents should know. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, p.79. Donnerstein, E. (1980). Aggressive erotica and violence against women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39, pp.269-277. Linz, D. G., & Malamuth, N. M. (1993). Pornography. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. 総務庁 (1993) 「青少年とポルノコミックを中心とする社会環境に関する調査研究報告書」 総務庁 (1994) 「青少年とアダルトビデオ等の映像メディアに関する調査研究報告書」 大渕憲一 (1991) 「暴力的ポルノグラフィー : 女性に対する暴力、レイプ傾向、レイプ神話、及び性的反応との関係」『社会心理学研究』第6巻第2号、pp.119-129. 沖裕貴、林徳治 (1999) 「仮想体験と性的問題行動」『日本教育情報学会』第15回年会、Nov.13-14、pp.52-55. Bastian, B., Jetten, J., Radke, H. M. (2012). Cyber-dehumanization: Violent video game play diminishes our humanity. Journal of Experimental Social psychology, 48, pp.486-491. Peter, J. & Valkenburg, P. M. (2010). Processes underlying the effects of adolescents' use of sexually explicit internet material: The role of perceived realism. Communication Research, 37, pp.375-399. Brown, J. D., & L'Engle, K. L. (2009). X-rated: Sexual attitudes and behaviors associated with U.S. early adolescents' exposure to sexually explicit media. Communication Research, 36, pp.129-151. Cooper, A. (1998). Sexuality and the internet: Surfing into the new millennium. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(2), pp.187-193. Willoughby, T., Adachi, P. C., & Good, M. (2012). A longitudinal study of the association between violent video game play and aggression among adolescents. Developmental psychology, 48 (4), pp.1044-1057. 財団法人インターネット協会 (2012) 「平成23年中のインターネット・ホットラインセンターの運用状況について」 Slater, M. D. (2003). Alienation, aggression, and sensation-seeking as predictors of adolescent use of violent film, computer and website content. Journal of Communication, 53, pp.105-121. Seto M. C., & Lalumiere M. L. (2010). What is so special about male adolescent sexual offending? A review and test of explanations through meta-analysis. Psychol Bull, 136, pp.526-575. 間柴泰治 (2010) 「日米英における児童ポルノの定義規定」『調査と情報』681、国立国会図書館 Issue Brief. Borowsky I. W., Hogan M., & Ireland, M. (1997). Adolescent sexual aggression: Risk and protective facators. Pediatrics 100:e7. Slater, M. D., Henry, K. L., Swaim, R. C., & Anderson, L. L. (2003). Violent media content and aggressiveness in adolescents: A downward spiral model. Communication Research, 30, pp.713-736 Krcmar, M., & Greene, K. (2000). Connections between violent television exposure and adolescent risk-taking. Media Psychology, 2, pp.195-218. Hasan, Y., Begue, L., & Bushman, B. J. (2012). Viewing the world through “blood-red tinted glasses” : The hostile expectation bias mediates the link between violent video game exposure and aggression. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, pp.953-956. Saleem, M., Anderson, C. A., & Gentile, D. A. (2012). Effects of prosocial, neutral, and violent video games on children's helpful and hurtful behaviors. Aggressive Behavior, 38, pp.281-287. Ybarra, L. M., Mitchell, J. K., Hamburger, M., Diener-West, M., & Leaf, J. P. (2011). X-rated material and perpetration of sexually aggressive behavior among children and adolescents: Is there a link? Aggressive Behavior, 37, pp.1-18. Hickey N, Farmer E, Vizard E. (2008). Comparing the developmental and behavioural characteristics of female and male juveniles who present with sexually abusive behaviour. The Journal of Sexual Aggression 14, pp.241-252. 山下利之 (2006) 「テレビゲームと暴力行動・社会的不適応をめぐる問題」『応用社会学研究』 48、pp.115-126. Aluja-Fabregat, A. (2000). Personality and curiosity about TV and films violence in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(2), pp.379-392. 坂元章 (2005) 「思春期におけるテレビゲームとインターネットの影響―ポルノ、プレデター、自殺」『産婦人科治療』 91(5)-11, pp.477-481. Jeong, E. J., Biocca, F. A., Bolil, C. J. (2012). Sensory realism and mediated aggression in video games. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, pp. 1840-1848. 佐々木輝美 (2004) 「性的メディア接触が大学生の性意識に与える影響に関する研究」『教育研究』 46, 国際基督教大学学報。-A、pp.143-152. |
| References_xml | – reference: Kutner, L. & Olson, C. K. (2008). Grand Theft Childhood: The surprising truth about violent video games and what parents should know. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, p.79. – reference: Brown, J. D., & L'Engle, K. L. (2009). X-rated: Sexual attitudes and behaviors associated with U.S. early adolescents' exposure to sexually explicit media. Communication Research, 36, pp.129-151. – reference: DeAngelis, T. (2009). Porn use and child abuse. American Psychological Association, Vol 40, No. 11, p56. – reference: 佐々木輝美 (2004) 「性的メディア接触が大学生の性意識に与える影響に関する研究」『教育研究』 46, 国際基督教大学学報。-A、pp.143-152. – reference: Hickey N, Farmer E, Vizard E. (2008). Comparing the developmental and behavioural characteristics of female and male juveniles who present with sexually abusive behaviour. The Journal of Sexual Aggression 14, pp.241-252. – reference: Borowsky I. W., Hogan M., & Ireland, M. (1997). Adolescent sexual aggression: Risk and protective facators. Pediatrics 100:e7. – reference: Donnerstein, E. & Berkowitz (1981). Victim reactions in aggressive erotic films as a factor in violence against women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 41, pp.710-724. – reference: Peter, J. & Valkenburg, P. M. (2008). Adolescents' exposure to sexually explicit Internet material and sexual preoccupancy: A three-wave panel study. Media Psychology, 11, pp.207-234. – reference: Willoughby, T., Adachi, P. C., & Good, M. (2012). A longitudinal study of the association between violent video game play and aggression among adolescents. Developmental psychology, 48 (4), pp.1044-1057. – reference: 間柴泰治 (2010) 「日米英における児童ポルノの定義規定」『調査と情報』681、国立国会図書館 Issue Brief. – reference: Saleem, M., Anderson, C. A., & Gentile, D. A. (2012). Effects of prosocial, neutral, and violent video games on children's helpful and hurtful behaviors. Aggressive Behavior, 38, pp.281-287. – reference: 財団法人インターネット協会 (2012) 「平成23年中のインターネット・ホットラインセンターの運用状況について」 – reference: 戸部秀之、竹内一夫、堀田美枝子 (2010) 「児童生徒のテレビゲーム依存傾向および暴力的なゲーム使用と、メンタルヘルス、心理・社会的問題性との関連」『学校保健研究』52巻4号、pp.263-272. – reference: Peter, J. & Valkenburg, P. M. (2010). Processes underlying the effects of adolescents' use of sexually explicit internet material: The role of perceived realism. Communication Research, 37, pp.375-399. – reference: 総務庁 (1994) 「青少年とアダルトビデオ等の映像メディアに関する調査研究報告書」 – reference: 大渕憲一 (1991) 「暴力的ポルノグラフィー : 女性に対する暴力、レイプ傾向、レイプ神話、及び性的反応との関係」『社会心理学研究』第6巻第2号、pp.119-129. – reference: Krcmar, M., & Greene, K. (2000). Connections between violent television exposure and adolescent risk-taking. Media Psychology, 2, pp.195-218. – reference: 坂元章 (2005) 「思春期におけるテレビゲームとインターネットの影響―ポルノ、プレデター、自殺」『産婦人科治療』 91(5)-11, pp.477-481. – reference: 和田正人 (2009) 「暴力メディア接触と非社会的行動と友人関係の関連」『東京学芸大学紀要. 総合教育科学系』 60、pp.475-486. – reference: Bourke, M. L., & Hernandez, A. E. (2009). The ‘Butner Study’ Redux: a report of the incidence of Hands-on child victimization by child pornography offenders. Journal of Family Violence, 24, 183-191. – reference: Doring, N. M. (2009). The Internet's impact on sexuality: A critical review of 15 years of research. Computers in Human Behavior 25, pp.1089-1101. – reference: Seto M. C., & Lalumiere M. L. (2010). What is so special about male adolescent sexual offending? A review and test of explanations through meta-analysis. Psychol Bull, 136, pp.526-575. – reference: 沖裕貴、林徳治 (1999) 「仮想体験と性的問題行動」『日本教育情報学会』第15回年会、Nov.13-14、pp.52-55. – reference: Hasan, Y., Begue, L., & Bushman, B. J. (2012). Viewing the world through “blood-red tinted glasses” : The hostile expectation bias mediates the link between violent video game exposure and aggression. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, pp.953-956. – reference: Shibuya, A., Sakamoto, A., Ihori, N., Yukawa, S. (2008). The effects of the presence and contexts of video game violence on children: A longitudinal study in Japan. Simulation & Gaming, 39 (4), pp.528-539. – reference: Anderson C. A., Gentile D. A., & Buckley K. E. (2007). Violent video game effects on children and adolescents: Theory, research, and public policy. New York, NY: Ocford University Press. – reference: 総務庁 (1993) 「青少年とポルノコミックを中心とする社会環境に関する調査研究報告書」 – reference: Ybarra, L. M., Mitchell, J. K., Hamburger, M., Diener-West, M., & Leaf, J. P. (2011). X-rated material and perpetration of sexually aggressive behavior among children and adolescents: Is there a link? Aggressive Behavior, 37, pp.1-18. – reference: 三井宏隆 (1990) 「社会科学と社会政策 (II)―Meese Commissionについて―」『哲学』第91集、pp.567-590. – reference: Bastian, B., Jetten, J., Radke, H. M. (2012). Cyber-dehumanization: Violent video game play diminishes our humanity. Journal of Experimental Social psychology, 48, pp.486-491. – reference: Cooper, A. (1998). Sexuality and the internet: Surfing into the new millennium. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(2), pp.187-193. – reference: Paolucchi, O. E., & Genuis, M., & Violato, C. (2000). A Metaanalysis of the published research on the effects of pornography. The changing family and child development, Aldershot: Ashgate. pp.48-59. – reference: 山下利之 (2006) 「テレビゲームと暴力行動・社会的不適応をめぐる問題」『応用社会学研究』 48、pp.115-126. – reference: Linz, D. G., & Malamuth, N. M. (1993). Pornography. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. – reference: Donnerstein, E. (1980). Aggressive erotica and violence against women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39, pp.269-277. – reference: Slater, M. D. (2003). Alienation, aggression, and sensation-seeking as predictors of adolescent use of violent film, computer and website content. Journal of Communication, 53, pp.105-121. – reference: Aluja-Fabregat, A. (2000). Personality and curiosity about TV and films violence in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(2), pp.379-392. – reference: Jeong, E. J., Biocca, F. A., Bolil, C. J. (2012). Sensory realism and mediated aggression in video games. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, pp. 1840-1848. – reference: Slater, M. D., Henry, K. L., Swaim, R. C., & Anderson, L. L. (2003). Violent media content and aggressiveness in adolescents: A downward spiral model. Communication Research, 30, pp.713-736 |
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