Twinned Crystals
A crystal twin adds a symmetry element that is not present in either half of the twin. Most twins can be described by a rotation of 180 degrees about an axis. (Although a mirror plane might seem to be an exception, a mirror plane is a rotation of 180 degrees plus a center of symmetry.) The 180-degre...
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| Published in | Nanoscale p. 63 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Book Chapter |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
The MIT Press
30.09.2011
MIT Press |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | A crystal twin adds a symmetry element that is not present in either half of the twin. Most twins can be described by a rotation of 180 degrees about an axis. (Although a mirror plane might seem to be an exception, a mirror plane is a rotation of 180 degrees plus a center of symmetry.) The 180-degree axis of rotation is shown in the illustration for each of the three twinned crystals. Twins are described in several categories. A contact twin has an obvious planar boundary between the twinned segments, as in the spinel twin. In contrast, the fluorite and |
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| AbstractList | A tour through a world too small to see with a microscope: air, ice, diamonds, aspirin, fuel cells, and other structures viewed and described in the scale of nanometers.
The world is made up of structures too small to see with the naked eye, too small to see even with an electron microscope. Einstein established the reality of atoms and molecules in the early 1900s. How can we see a world measured in fractions of nanometers? (Most atoms are less than one nanometer, less than one-billionth of a meter, in diameter.) This beautiful and fascinating book gives us a tour of the invisible nanoscale world. It offers many vivid color illustrations of atomic structures, each accompanied by a short, engagingly written essay. The structures advance from the simple (air, ice) to the complex (supercapacitator, rare earth magnet). Each subject was chosen not in search of comprehensiveness but because it illustrates how atomic structure creates a property (such as hardness, color, or toxicity), or because it has a great story, or simply because it is beautiful.
Thus we learn how diamonds ride volcanoes to the earth's surface (if they came up more slowly, they'd be graphite, as in pencils); what form of carbon is named after Buckminster Fuller; who won in the x-ray vs. mineralogy professor smackdown; how a fuel cell works; when we use spinodal decomposition in our daily lives (it involves hot water and a package of Jell-O), and much more. The amazing color illustrations by Stephen Deffeyes are based on data from x-ray diffraction (a method used in crystallography). They are not just pretty pictures but visualizations of scientific data derived directly from those data. Together with Kenneth Deffeyes's witty commentary, they offer a vivid demonstration of the diversity and beauty found at the nanometer scale. A crystal twin adds a symmetry element that is not present in either half of the twin. Most twins can be described by a rotation of 180 degrees about an axis. (Although a mirror plane might seem to be an exception, a mirror plane is a rotation of 180 degrees plus a center of symmetry.) The 180-degree axis of rotation is shown in the illustration for each of the three twinned crystals. Twins are described in several categories. A contact twin has an obvious planar boundary between the twinned segments, as in the spinel twin. In contrast, the fluorite and |
| Author | Deffeyes, Stephen E Deffeyes, Kenneth S |
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| Copyright | 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
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| Snippet | A crystal twin adds a symmetry element that is not present in either half of the twin. Most twins can be described by a rotation of 180 degrees about an axis.... A tour through a world too small to see with a microscope: air, ice, diamonds, aspirin, fuel cells, and other structures viewed and described in the scale of... |
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| StartPage | 63 |
| SubjectTerms | Anions Atomic physics Atoms Axes of rotation Biogeography Chalcogens Chemical elements Chemistry Classical mechanics Condensed matter physics Crystal morphology Crystal structure Crystal twinning Crystallography Crystals Cubic crystals Earth sciences Electric charge Electricity Electromagnetism Fluorite Fundamental forces Geology Gyration Inorganic sulfides Ions Kinetics Mechanics Microphysics Mineralogy Minerals Molecular biology Nanotechnology Physical Sciences Physics Pyrites Rotation Spinel Sulfides Sulfur |
| Title | Twinned Crystals |
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