Towards More Trustworthy Deep Code Models by Enabling Out-of-Distribution Detection

• Published in: Proceedings / International Conference on Software Engineering pp. 769 - 781
• Main Authors: Yan, Yanfu, Duong, Viet, Shao, Huajie, Poshyvanyk, Denys
• Format: Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: IEEE 26.04.2025
• Subjects: Code Models; Codes; Contrastive learning; Data models; Measurement; OOD detection; Predictive models; Reliability; Software engineering; Testing; Training; Training data; Trustworthy ML
• ISSN: 1558-1225
• DOI: 10.1109/ICSE55347.2025.00177

Numerous machine learning (ML) models have been developed, including those for software engineering (SE) tasks, under the assumption that training and testing data come from the same distribution. However, training and testing distributions often differ, as training datasets rarely encompass the entire distribution, while testing distribution tends to shift over time. Hence, when confronted with out-of-distribution (OOD) instances that differ from the training data, a reliable and trustworthy SE ML model must be capable of detecting them to either abstain from making predictions, or potentially forward these OODs to appropriate models handling other categories or tasks. In this paper, we develop two types of SE-specific OOD detection models, unsupervised and weakly-supervised OOD detection for code. The unsupervised OOD detection approach is trained solely on in-distribution samples while the weakly-supervised approach utilizes a tiny number of OOD samples to further enhance the detection performance in various OOD scenarios. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed methods significantly outperform the baselines in detecting OOD samples from four different scenarios simultaneously and also positively impact a main code understanding task.