Through-the-Wall Concurrent Vital Signs Monitoring of Three Subjects Using Single-Channel CW Radar and Independent Component Analysis

• Published in: IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium digest pp. 275 - 278
• Main Authors: Hossain, Shafkat, Pramanik, Sourav K., Adekola, Oluwaseun, Islam, Shekh Md. M., Vital, Dieff
• Format: Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: IEEE 15.06.2025
• Subjects: Accuracy; Belts; Bioradar; CardioRadar; CW Single-Channel Radar; Doppler radar; Heart rate; ICA-JADE; Independent component analysis; MODWT; Non-contact Life signs Sensing; Radar; Surveillance; Systems architecture; Testing; Through-the-Wall Monitoring/Sensing; Transforms
• ISSN: 2576-7216
• DOI: 10.1109/IMS40360.2025.11104019

This paper reports, for the first time, the capability of a single-channel continuous wave (CW) radar to perform through-the-wall concurrent vital sign monitoring of three subjects using a simpler radar system architecture. Initially, independent component analysis with the joint approximation diagonalization of eigenmatrices (ICA-JADE) was employed to isolate each subject's breathing rate (BR). Subsequently, maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) was implemented as a reinforcement post-processing scheme to denoise and suppress subharmonics in the heart rate (HR) waveforms following the application of ICA-JADE. The results demonstrate an accuracy of approximately 97% in isolating BR using ICA-JADE compared to a traditional chest belt measurement. Furthermore, employing MODWT as a reinforcement post-processing scheme achieved an accuracy of 92% in separating each subject's HR compared to ECG testing. This work has significant potential applications, including post-disaster search and rescue, surveillance, and monitoring vital signs through the wall for healthcare applications.