Warming, CO2, and nitrogen deposition interactively affect a plant-pollinator mutualism

• Published in: Ecology letters Vol. 15; no. 3; pp. 227 - 234
• Main Authors: Hoover, Shelley E. R., Ladley, Jenny J., Shchepetkina, Anastasia A., Tisch, Maggie, Gieseg, Steven P., Tylianakis, Jason M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.03.2012; Blackwell
• Subjects: Amino acids; Amino Acids - analysis; analysis; Animal and plant ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Animals; Bees; Bees - physiology; Biological and medical sciences; Bombus; bottom-up; Carbon Dioxide; chemistry; Climate change; Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change; Cucurbita; Cucurbita - physiology; Earth, ocean, space; Ecosystem; ecosystem service; Ecosystem services; ecosystems; Environmental changes; Exact sciences and technology; External geophysics; Flowers; Flowers - chemistry; Flowers - growth & development; Flowers - physiology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; global change; Global Warming; growth & development; higher-order effects; Land use; Meteorology; Morphology; Mutualism; nectar; Nitrogen; Phenology; physiology; plant biochemistry; Plant Nectar; Plant Nectar - chemistry; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plant reproduction; Pollination; Pollinators; pumpkins; Species diversity; species interactions; sugars; Survival Rate; temperature; Modification; ecosystem service; Temperature; Insecta; Carbon dioxide; Apidae; Mutualism; Bombus; Bottom up control; Cucurbita; bottom-up; Apoidea; Dicotyledones; species interactions; Angiospermae; Planetary scale; Ecosystem services; Aculeata; Warming; Atmospheric fallout; Cucurbitaceae; Nitrogen; higher-order effects; Pollination; Dynamical climatology; Climate change; Pollinator; global warming; Arthropoda; Global change; Spermatophyta; Hymenoptera; Invertebrata; Interspecific relation

Environmental changes threaten plant‐pollinator mutualisms and their critical ecosystem service. Drivers such as land use, invasions and climate change can affect pollinator diversity or species encounter rates. However, nitrogen deposition, climate warming and CO2 enrichment could interact to disru...