Responses of the functional structure of soil microbial community to livestock grazing in the Tibetan alpine grassland
Microbes play key roles in various biogeochemical processes, including carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. However, changes of microbial community at the functional gene level by livestock grazing, which is a global land‐use activity, remain unclear. Here we use a functional gene array, GeoChip 4.0...
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| Published in | Global change biology Vol. 19; no. 2; pp. 637 - 648 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.02.2013
Wiley-Blackwell |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Microbes play key roles in various biogeochemical processes, including carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. However, changes of microbial community at the functional gene level by livestock grazing, which is a global land‐use activity, remain unclear. Here we use a functional gene array, GeoChip 4.0, to examine the effects of free livestock grazing on the microbial community at an experimental site of Tibet, a region known to be very sensitive to anthropogenic perturbation and global warming. Our results showed that grazing changed microbial community functional structure, in addition to aboveground vegetation and soil geochemical properties. Further statistical tests showed that microbial community functional structures were closely correlated with environmental variables, and variations in microbial community functional structures were mainly controlled by aboveground vegetation, soil C/N ratio, and NH4+‐N. In‐depth examination of N cycling genes showed that abundances of N mineralization and nitrification genes were increased at grazed sites, but denitrification and N‐reduction genes were decreased, suggesting that functional potentials of relevant bioprocesses were changed. Meanwhile, abundances of genes involved in methane cycling, C fixation, and degradation were decreased, which might be caused by vegetation removal and hence decrease in litter accumulation at grazed sites. In contrast, abundances of virulence, stress, and antibiotics resistance genes were increased because of the presence of livestock. In conclusion, these results indicated that soil microbial community functional structure was very sensitive to the impact of livestock grazing and revealed microbial functional potentials in regulating soil N and C cycling, supporting the necessity to include microbial components in evaluating the consequence of land‐use and/or climate changes. |
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| AbstractList | Microbes play key roles in various biogeochemical processes, including carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. However, changes of microbial community at the functional gene level by livestock grazing, which is a global land‐use activity, remain unclear. Here we use a functional gene array, GeoChip 4.0, to examine the effects of free livestock grazing on the microbial community at an experimental site of Tibet, a region known to be very sensitive to anthropogenic perturbation and global warming. Our results showed that grazing changed microbial community functional structure, in addition to aboveground vegetation and soil geochemical properties. Further statistical tests showed that microbial community functional structures were closely correlated with environmental variables, and variations in microbial community functional structures were mainly controlled by aboveground vegetation, soil C/N ratio, and NH4+‐N. In‐depth examination of N cycling genes showed that abundances of N mineralization and nitrification genes were increased at grazed sites, but denitrification and N‐reduction genes were decreased, suggesting that functional potentials of relevant bioprocesses were changed. Meanwhile, abundances of genes involved in methane cycling, C fixation, and degradation were decreased, which might be caused by vegetation removal and hence decrease in litter accumulation at grazed sites. In contrast, abundances of virulence, stress, and antibiotics resistance genes were increased because of the presence of livestock. In conclusion, these results indicated that soil microbial community functional structure was very sensitive to the impact of livestock grazing and revealed microbial functional potentials in regulating soil N and C cycling, supporting the necessity to include microbial components in evaluating the consequence of land‐use and/or climate changes. Microbes play key roles in various biogeochemical processes, including carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. However, changes of microbial community at the functional gene level by livestock grazing, which is a global land-use activity, remain unclear. Here we use a functional gene array, GeoChip 4.0, to examine the effects of free livestock grazing on the microbial community at an experimental site of Tibet, a region known to be very sensitive to anthropogenic perturbation and global warming. Our results showed that grazing changed microbial community functional structure, in addition to aboveground vegetation and soil geochemical properties. Further statistical tests showed that microbial community functional structures were closely correlated with environmental variables, and variations in microbial community functional structures were mainly controlled by aboveground vegetation, soil C/N ratio, and NH4+-N. In-depth examination of N cycling genes showed that abundances of N mineralization and nitrification genes were increased at grazed sites, but denitrification and N-reduction genes were decreased, suggesting that functional potentials of relevant bioprocesses were changed. Meanwhile, abundances of genes involved in methane cycling, C fixation, and degradation were decreased, which might be caused by vegetation removal and hence decrease in litter accumulation at grazed sites. In contrast, abundances of virulence, stress, and antibiotics resistance genes were increased because of the presence of livestock. In conclusion, these results indicated that soil microbial community functional structure was very sensitive to the impact of livestock grazing and revealed microbial functional potentials in regulating soil N and C cycling, supporting the necessity to include microbial components in evaluating the consequence of land-use and/or climate changes. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Microbes play key roles in various biogeochemical processes, including carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. However, changes of microbial community at the functional gene level by livestock grazing, which is a global land-use activity, remain unclear. Here we use a functional gene array, GeoChip 4.0, to examine the effects of free livestock grazing on the microbial community at an experimental site of Tibet, a region known to be very sensitive to anthropogenic perturbation and global warming. Our results showed that grazing changed microbial community functional structure, in addition to aboveground vegetation and soil geochemical properties. Further statistical tests showed that microbial community functional structures were closely correlated with environmental variables, and variations in microbial community functional structures were mainly controlled by aboveground vegetation, soil C/N ratio, and NH4 (+) -N. In-depth examination of N cycling genes showed that abundances of N mineralization and nitrification genes were increased at grazed sites, but denitrification and N-reduction genes were decreased, suggesting that functional potentials of relevant bioprocesses were changed. Meanwhile, abundances of genes involved in methane cycling, C fixation, and degradation were decreased, which might be caused by vegetation removal and hence decrease in litter accumulation at grazed sites. In contrast, abundances of virulence, stress, and antibiotics resistance genes were increased because of the presence of livestock. In conclusion, these results indicated that soil microbial community functional structure was very sensitive to the impact of livestock grazing and revealed microbial functional potentials in regulating soil N and C cycling, supporting the necessity to include microbial components in evaluating the consequence of land-use and/or climate changes.Microbes play key roles in various biogeochemical processes, including carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. However, changes of microbial community at the functional gene level by livestock grazing, which is a global land-use activity, remain unclear. Here we use a functional gene array, GeoChip 4.0, to examine the effects of free livestock grazing on the microbial community at an experimental site of Tibet, a region known to be very sensitive to anthropogenic perturbation and global warming. Our results showed that grazing changed microbial community functional structure, in addition to aboveground vegetation and soil geochemical properties. Further statistical tests showed that microbial community functional structures were closely correlated with environmental variables, and variations in microbial community functional structures were mainly controlled by aboveground vegetation, soil C/N ratio, and NH4 (+) -N. In-depth examination of N cycling genes showed that abundances of N mineralization and nitrification genes were increased at grazed sites, but denitrification and N-reduction genes were decreased, suggesting that functional potentials of relevant bioprocesses were changed. Meanwhile, abundances of genes involved in methane cycling, C fixation, and degradation were decreased, which might be caused by vegetation removal and hence decrease in litter accumulation at grazed sites. In contrast, abundances of virulence, stress, and antibiotics resistance genes were increased because of the presence of livestock. In conclusion, these results indicated that soil microbial community functional structure was very sensitive to the impact of livestock grazing and revealed microbial functional potentials in regulating soil N and C cycling, supporting the necessity to include microbial components in evaluating the consequence of land-use and/or climate changes. |
| Author | Xue, Kai Hu, Yigang Wang, Shiping Lin, Qiaoyan Duan, Jichuang Yu, Hao Xu, Depeng He, Zhili Yang, Yunfeng Zhou, Jizhong Li, Xiangzhen Yuan, Mengting van Nostrand, Joy Wu, Linwei |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yunfeng surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Yunfeng email: yangyf@tsinghua.edu.cn organization: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Linwei surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Linwei organization: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Qiaoyan surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Qiaoyan organization: Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Mengting surname: Yuan fullname: Yuan, Mengting organization: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Depeng surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Depeng organization: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Hao surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Hao organization: Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, 73019, Norman, OK, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Yigang surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Yigang organization: Key Laboratory of Adaption and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 810008, Xining, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Jichuang surname: Duan fullname: Duan, Jichuang organization: Key Laboratory of Adaption and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 810008, Xining, China – sequence: 9 givenname: Xiangzhen surname: Li fullname: Li, Xiangzhen organization: Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, China – sequence: 10 givenname: Zhili surname: He fullname: He, Zhili organization: Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, OK, 73019, Norman, USA – sequence: 11 givenname: Kai surname: Xue fullname: Xue, Kai organization: Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, OK, 73019, Norman, USA – sequence: 12 givenname: Joy surname: van Nostrand fullname: van Nostrand, Joy organization: Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, OK, 73019, Norman, USA – sequence: 13 givenname: Shiping surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Shiping organization: Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China – sequence: 14 givenname: Jizhong surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Jizhong organization: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China |
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| Keywords | Dynamical climatology Grassland Climate change Soil fauna summer grazing gene diversity Livestock Genetic diversity Alpine grasslands Microbial community Tibetan alpine grassland |
| Language | English |
| License | CC BY 4.0 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
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| Notes | ArticleID:GCB12065 National Basic Research Program - No. 2010CB833502 ark:/67375/WNG-21DZT4JC-1 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control - No. 11Z03ESPCT United States Department of Energy istex:1F325459CDAD7AB70D43DE3A084291C8E750E970 Biological Systems Research on the Role of Microbial Communities in C Cycling Program - No. DE-SC0004601 Table S1. The grazing effect on overall microbial community structure and environmental variables as examined by the dissimilarity test of adonis. Table S2. Summary of environmental variable measurements. Figure S1. Hierarchical clustering analysis of microbial communities for all of the sites. Figure S2. The normalized signal intensity of the significantly decreased mcrA genes. National Science Foundation of China - No. 41171201 Oklahoma Bioenergy Center SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 |
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| SubjectTerms | Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Anthropogenic factors Antibiotics Biological and medical sciences Climate change Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology gene diversity General aspects Global warming Grasslands Grazing Land use Livestock Livestock - physiology microbial community Microbial ecology Microbiology Mineralization Nitrification Poaceae Soil Microbiology Soil structure Soils summer grazing Tibet Tibetan alpine grassland Various environments (extraatmospheric space, air, water) Vegetation |
| Title | Responses of the functional structure of soil microbial community to livestock grazing in the Tibetan alpine grassland |
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