Enteric alpha-synuclein expression is increased in Parkinson's disease but not Alzheimer's disease
ABSTRACT Background and Objective Alpha‐synuclein (α‐Syn) is immunohistochemically detectable in enteric neurons in some subjects. We determined its age distribution in the general autopsy population and in an age‐matched subset investigated differences with Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer'...
Saved in:
| Published in | Movement disorders Vol. 28; no. 2; pp. 237 - 241 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.02.2013
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0885-3185 1531-8257 1531-8257 |
| DOI | 10.1002/mds.25298 |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | ABSTRACT
Background and Objective
Alpha‐synuclein (α‐Syn) is immunohistochemically detectable in enteric neurons in some subjects. We determined its age distribution in the general autopsy population and in an age‐matched subset investigated differences with Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD).
Methods
Archival autopsy samples of colon from 95 cases (77 general population, 10 PD, and 8 AD) were immunostained with monoclonal antibody KM51. α‐Syn detectability was semiquantitatively graded 1 to 3.
Results
α‐Syn was detectable in 52% of the general population, and its level of expression did not change between ages 40 and 91. All PD subjects were α‐Syn positive, with higher prevalence (P = 0.001) and grade (P = 0.003) than age‐matched controls. AD subjects were no more likely to be α‐Syn positive or have a higher grade than controls.
Conclusions
Either PD develops selectively in the enterically α‐Syn‐positive population subset or PD induces this expression. Absence of increased α‐Syn expression in AD points to differences in pathogenesis. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is immunohistochemically detectable in enteric neurons in some subjects. We determined its age distribution in the general autopsy population and in an age-matched subset investigated differences with Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD).BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEAlpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is immunohistochemically detectable in enteric neurons in some subjects. We determined its age distribution in the general autopsy population and in an age-matched subset investigated differences with Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD).Archival autopsy samples of colon from 95 cases (77 general population, 10 PD, and 8 AD) were immunostained with monoclonal antibody KM51. α-Syn detectability was semiquantitatively graded 1 to 3.METHODSArchival autopsy samples of colon from 95 cases (77 general population, 10 PD, and 8 AD) were immunostained with monoclonal antibody KM51. α-Syn detectability was semiquantitatively graded 1 to 3.α-Syn was detectable in 52% of the general population, and its level of expression did not change between ages 40 and 91. All PD subjects were α-Syn positive, with higher prevalence (P = 0.001) and grade (P = 0.003) than age-matched controls. AD subjects were no more likely to be α-Syn positive or have a higher grade than controls.RESULTSα-Syn was detectable in 52% of the general population, and its level of expression did not change between ages 40 and 91. All PD subjects were α-Syn positive, with higher prevalence (P = 0.001) and grade (P = 0.003) than age-matched controls. AD subjects were no more likely to be α-Syn positive or have a higher grade than controls.Either PD develops selectively in the enterically α-Syn-positive population subset or PD induces this expression. Absence of increased α-Syn expression in AD points to differences in pathogenesis.CONCLUSIONSEither PD develops selectively in the enterically α-Syn-positive population subset or PD induces this expression. Absence of increased α-Syn expression in AD points to differences in pathogenesis. Background and Objective Alpha-synuclein ([alpha]-Syn) is immunohistochemically detectable in enteric neurons in some subjects. We determined its age distribution in the general autopsy population and in an age-matched subset investigated differences with Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Methods Archival autopsy samples of colon from 95 cases (77 general population, 10 PD, and 8 AD) were immunostained with monoclonal antibody KM51. [alpha]-Syn detectability was semiquantitatively graded 1 to 3. Results [alpha]-Syn was detectable in 52% of the general population, and its level of expression did not change between ages 40 and 91. All PD subjects were [alpha]-Syn positive, with higher prevalence (P = 0.001) and grade (P = 0.003) than age-matched controls. AD subjects were no more likely to be [alpha]-Syn positive or have a higher grade than controls. Conclusions Either PD develops selectively in the enterically [alpha]-Syn-positive population subset or PD induces this expression. Absence of increased [alpha]-Syn expression in AD points to differences in pathogenesis. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is immunohistochemically detectable in enteric neurons in some subjects. We determined its age distribution in the general autopsy population and in an age-matched subset investigated differences with Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Archival autopsy samples of colon from 95 cases (77 general population, 10 PD, and 8 AD) were immunostained with monoclonal antibody KM51. α-Syn detectability was semiquantitatively graded 1 to 3. α-Syn was detectable in 52% of the general population, and its level of expression did not change between ages 40 and 91. All PD subjects were α-Syn positive, with higher prevalence (P = 0.001) and grade (P = 0.003) than age-matched controls. AD subjects were no more likely to be α-Syn positive or have a higher grade than controls. Either PD develops selectively in the enterically α-Syn-positive population subset or PD induces this expression. Absence of increased α-Syn expression in AD points to differences in pathogenesis. Background and Objective Alpha-synuclein ( alpha -Syn) is immunohistochemically detectable in enteric neurons in some subjects. We determined its age distribution in the general autopsy population and in an age-matched subset investigated differences with Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Methods Archival autopsy samples of colon from 95 cases (77 general population, 10 PD, and 8 AD) were immunostained with monoclonal antibody KM51. alpha -Syn detectability was semiquantitatively graded 1 to 3. Results alpha -Syn was detectable in 52% of the general population, and its level of expression did not change between ages 40 and 91. All PD subjects were alpha -Syn positive, with higher prevalence (P = 0.001) and grade (P = 0.003) than age-matched controls. AD subjects were no more likely to be alpha -Syn positive or have a higher grade than controls. Conclusions Either PD develops selectively in the enterically alpha -Syn-positive population subset or PD induces this expression. Absence of increased alpha -Syn expression in AD points to differences in pathogenesis. copyright 2013 Movement Disorder Society ABSTRACT Background and Objective Alpha‐synuclein (α‐Syn) is immunohistochemically detectable in enteric neurons in some subjects. We determined its age distribution in the general autopsy population and in an age‐matched subset investigated differences with Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Methods Archival autopsy samples of colon from 95 cases (77 general population, 10 PD, and 8 AD) were immunostained with monoclonal antibody KM51. α‐Syn detectability was semiquantitatively graded 1 to 3. Results α‐Syn was detectable in 52% of the general population, and its level of expression did not change between ages 40 and 91. All PD subjects were α‐Syn positive, with higher prevalence (P = 0.001) and grade (P = 0.003) than age‐matched controls. AD subjects were no more likely to be α‐Syn positive or have a higher grade than controls. Conclusions Either PD develops selectively in the enterically α‐Syn‐positive population subset or PD induces this expression. Absence of increased α‐Syn expression in AD points to differences in pathogenesis. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society |
| Author | Gold, Andrea Turkalp, Zorbey T. Munoz, David G. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Andrea surname: Gold fullname: Gold, Andrea organization: Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto & Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Ontario, Toronto, Canada – sequence: 2 givenname: Zorbey T. surname: Turkalp fullname: Turkalp, Zorbey T. organization: Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto & Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Ontario, Toronto, Canada – sequence: 3 givenname: David G. surname: Munoz fullname: Munoz, David G. email: david.g.munoz@gmail.com organization: Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto & Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Ontario, Toronto, Canada |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23362176$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqFkU1PFTEUhhuDkQu68A-YJi5kM9CP6deSIFxMADFoXDad6ZlQnOlc25nI9dfby0VM3LDqOT3Pe5rm2UM7cYyA0FtKDikh7Gjw-ZAJZvQLtKCC00ozoXbQgmgtKk612EV7Od8RQqmg8hXaZZxLRpVcoOY0TpBCi12_unVVXse57SFEDPerBDmHMeKQcYhtApfBlwpfu_QjxDzGDxn7kDf3uJknHMcJH_e_byEMkP7NXqOXneszvHk899G3s9OvJ-fVxeflp5PjiypwpXVVMw9KsVrXzinf-Q6MY43e9LIhXSNbppnnDaes860GVhojFBeOM9Z0Ld9HB9u9qzT-nCFPdgi5hb53EcY5W6oN1VIJw59HyyNSKMHrgr7_D70b5xTLRzaUqg01mjxLSW5qVah3j9TcDODtKoXBpbX9q6MAR1vgV-hh_TSnxG482-LZPni2lx9vHoqSqLaJkCe4f0oUQ1YqroT9frW0X27E-fLyythr_gegd6nm |
| CODEN | MOVDEA |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2013 Movement Disorder Society 2013 Movement Disorder Society. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2013 Movement Disorder Society – notice: 2013 Movement Disorder Society. |
| DBID | BSCLL CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7TK 8FD FR3 K9. NAPCQ P64 RC3 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1002/mds.25298 |
| DatabaseName | Istex Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Neurosciences Abstracts Technology Research Database Engineering Research Database ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Premium Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Genetics Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Nursing & Allied Health Premium Genetics Abstracts Technology Research Database ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Engineering Research Database Neurosciences Abstracts Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic Nursing & Allied Health Premium MEDLINE Neurosciences Abstracts Nursing & Allied Health Premium |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1531-8257 |
| EndPage | 241 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 2920217971 2920073501 23362176 MDS25298 ark_67375_WNG_QS5HGMN9_P |
| Genre | article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | --- .3N .GA .GJ .Y3 05W 0R~ 10A 123 1CY 1L6 1OB 1OC 1ZS 31~ 33P 3PY 3SF 3WU 4.4 4ZD 50Y 50Z 51W 51X 52M 52N 52O 52P 52R 52S 52T 52U 52V 52W 52X 53G 5VS 66C 6PF 702 7PT 8-0 8-1 8-3 8-4 8-5 8UM 930 A01 A03 AAESR AAEVG AAHHS AANLZ AAONW AASGY AAWTL AAXRX AAZKR ABCQN ABCUV ABEML ABIJN ABJNI ABLJU ABPVW ABQWH ABXGK ACAHQ ACBWZ ACCFJ ACCZN ACGFS ACGOF ACMXC ACPOU ACPRK ACSCC ACXBN ACXQS ADBBV ADBTR ADEOM ADIZJ ADKYN ADMGS ADOZA ADXAS ADZMN AEEZP AEIGN AEIMD AENEX AEQDE AEUQT AEUYR AFBPY AFFPM AFGKR AFPWT AFZJQ AHBTC AHMBA AIACR AITYG AIURR AIWBW AJBDE ALAGY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN AMBMR AMYDB ASPBG ATUGU AVWKF AZBYB AZFZN AZVAB BAFTC BDRZF BFHJK BHBCM BMXJE BROTX BRXPI BSCLL BY8 C45 CS3 D-6 D-7 D-E D-F DCZOG DPXWK DR1 DR2 DRFUL DRMAN DRSTM DU5 EBD EBS EJD EMOBN F00 F01 F04 F5P FEDTE FUBAC FYBCS G-S G.N GNP GODZA H.X HBH HF~ HGLYW HHY HHZ HVGLF HZ~ IX1 J0M JPC KBYEO KQQ LATKE LAW LC2 LC3 LEEKS LH4 LITHE LOXES LP6 LP7 LUTES LW6 LYRES M6M MEWTI MK4 MRFUL MRMAN MRSTM MSFUL MSMAN MSSTM MXFUL MXMAN MXSTM N04 N05 N9A NF~ NNB O66 O9- OIG OVD P2P P2W P2X P2Z P4B P4D PALCI PQQKQ Q.N Q11 QB0 QRW R.K RIWAO RJQFR ROL RWD RWI RX1 RYL SAMSI SUPJJ SV3 TEORI TWZ UB1 V2E V9Y W8V W99 WBKPD WHWMO WIB WIH WIJ WIK WJL WOHZO WQJ WRC WUP WVDHM WXI WXSBR XG1 XV2 YCJ ZGI ZZTAW ~IA ~WT AAHQN AAIPD AAMMB AAMNL AANHP AAYCA ACRPL ACYXJ ADNMO AEFGJ AEYWJ AFWVQ AGHNM AGQPQ AGXDD AGYGG AIDQK AIDYY ALVPJ CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7TK 8FD FR3 K9. NAPCQ P64 RC3 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-i3788-42de772484aa7dfdfe9a2b8484a6b0fb6c282d3b312fdc8e22d395735a322bfc3 |
| IEDL.DBID | DR2 |
| ISSN | 0885-3185 1531-8257 |
| IngestDate | Fri Jul 11 00:01:12 EDT 2025 Thu Jul 10 17:53:19 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 14 07:41:26 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 06:13:48 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 03 07:03:47 EDT 2025 Wed Aug 20 07:27:02 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 30 09:54:38 EDT 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 2 |
| Language | English |
| License | 2013 Movement Disorder Society. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-i3788-42de772484aa7dfdfe9a2b8484a6b0fb6c282d3b312fdc8e22d395735a322bfc3 |
| Notes | ark:/67375/WNG-QS5HGMN9-P istex:ECB885A980B44E5E53A297F492BEB3B7E6F86B64 ArticleID:MDS25298 Full financial disclosures and author roles may be found in the online version of this article. Dr. Munoz has received speaker honoraria from Novartis and Janssen, not related to the research reported here. Relevant Conflicts of Interest/Financial Disclosures Funding agencies This study was funded by the Department of Laboratory Medicine at St. Michael's Hospital (Toronto, Ontario, Canada). ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| PMID | 23362176 |
| PQID | 1317463947 |
| PQPubID | 1016421 |
| PageCount | 5 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_1891867593 proquest_miscellaneous_1312657534 proquest_journals_1317491980 proquest_journals_1317463947 pubmed_primary_23362176 wiley_primary_10_1002_mds_25298_MDS25298 istex_primary_ark_67375_WNG_QS5HGMN9_P |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2013-02 February 2013 2013-Feb 20130201 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2013-02-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 02 year: 2013 text: 2013-02 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: Hoboken |
| PublicationTitle | Movement disorders |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Mov Disord |
| PublicationYear | 2013 |
| Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd – name: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| References | Abbott RD, Ross GW, Petrovitch H, et al. Bowel movement frequency in late-life and incidental Lewy bodies. Mov Disord 2007;22:1581-1586. Phillips RJ, Walter GC, Wilder SL, Baronowsky EA, Powley TL. Alpha-synuclein-immunopositive myenteric neurons and vagal preganglionic terminals: autonomic pathway implicated in Parkinson's disease? Neuroscience 2008;153:733-750. Shannon KM, Keshavarzian A, Mutlu E, et al. Alpha-synuclein in colonic submucosa in early untreated Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2012;27:709-715. Beach TG, White CL, Hamilton RL, et al. Evaluation of alpha-synuclein immunohistochemical methods used by invited experts. Acta Neuropathol 2008;116:277-288. Lebouvier T, Neunlist M, Bruley des Varannes S, et al. Colonic biopsies to assess the neuropathology of Parkinson's disease and its relationship with symptoms. PLoS One 2010;5:e12728. Jellinger KA. Alpha-synuclein pathology in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brain: incidence and topographic distribution-a pilot study. Acta Neuropathol 2003;106:191-201. Iwai A, Yoshimoto M, Masliah E, Saitoh T. Non-A beta component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid (NAC) is amyloidogenic. Biochemistry 1995;34:10139-10145. Kordower JH, Chu Y, Hauser RA, Freeman TB, Olanow CW. Lewy body-like pathology in long-term embryonic nigral transplants in Parkinson's disease. Nat Med 2008;14:504-506. Böttner M, Zorenkov D, Hellwig I, et al. Expression pattern and localization of alpha-synuclein in the human enteric nervous system. Neurobiol Dis 2012;48:474-480. Natale G, Pasquali L, Paparelli A, Fornai F. Parallel manifestations of neuropathologies in the enteric and central nervous systems. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;23:1056-1065. Baba M, Nakajo S, Tu PH, et al. Aggregation of alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies of sporadic Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Am J Pathol 1998;152:879-884. Braak H, Rub U, Gai WP, DelTredici K. Idiopathic Parkinson's disease: possible routes by which vulnerable neuronal types may be subject to neuroinvasion by an unknown pathogen. J Neural Transm 2003;110:517-536. Abbott RD, Petrovitch H, White LR, et al. Frequency of bowel movements and the future risk of Parkinson's disease. Neurology 2001;57:456-462. Masliah E, Iwai A, Mallory M, Ueda K, Saitoh T. Altered presynaptic protein NACP is associated with plaque formation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Pathol 1996;148:201-210. Mandal PK, Pettegrew JW, Masliah E, Hamilton RL, Mandal R. Interaction between abeta peptide and alpha synuclein: molecular mechanisms in overlapping pathology of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's in dementia with Lewy body disease. Neurochem Res 2006;31:1153-1162. Olanow CW, Prusiner SB. Is Parkinson's disease a prion disorder? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009;106:12571-12572. Muntane G, Ferrer I, Martinez-Vicente M. Alpha-synuclein phosphorylation and truncation are normal events in the adult human brain. Neuroscience 2012;200:106-119. Pfeiffer RF. Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2012;12:697-706. Shannon KM, Keshavarzian A, Dodiya HB, Jakate S, Kordower JH. Is alpha-synuclein in the colon a biomarker for premotor Parkinson's disease? Evidence from 3 cases. Mov Disord 2012;27:716-719. Minguez-Castellanos A, Chamorro CE, Escamilla-Sevilla F, et al. Do alpha-synuclein aggregates in autonomic plexuses predate lewy body disorders?: a cohort study. Neurology 2007;68:2012-2018. Hawkes CH, DelTredici K, Braak H. Parkinson's disease: a dual-hit hypothesis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2007;33:599-614. Gallardo G, Schluter OM, Sudhof TC. A molecular pathway of neurodegeneration linking alpha-synuclein to ApoE and abeta peptides. Nat Neurosci 2008;11:301-308. Compta Y, Parkkinen L, O'Sullivan SS, et al. Lewy- and Alzheimer-type pathologies in Parkinson's disease dementia: which is more important? Brain 2011;134:1493-1505. Iwai A, Masliah E, Sundsmo MP, et al. The synaptic protein NACP is abnormally expressed during the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 1996;720:230-234. Bloch A, Probst A, Bissig H, Adams H, Tolnay M. Alpha-synuclein pathology of the spinal and peripheral autonomic nervous system in neurologically unimpaired elderly subjects. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2006;32:284-295. Angot E, Steiner JA, Hansen C, Li JY, Brundin P. Are synucleinopathies prion-like disorders? Lancet Neurol 2010;9:1128-1138. Masliah E, Rockenstein E, Veinbergs I, et al. β-Amyloid peptides enhance α-synuclein accumulation and neuronal deficits in a transgenic mouse model linking Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2001;98:12245-12250. Braak H, deVos RAI, Bohl J, DelTredici K. Gastric α-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions in Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses in cases staged for Parkinson's disease-related brain pathology. Neurosci Lett 2006;396:67-72. Hamilton RL. Lewy bodies in Alzheimer's disease: a neuropathological review of 145 cases using alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry. Brain Pathol 2000;10:378-384. Yoshimoto M, Iwai A, Kang D, Otero DA, Xia Y, Saitoh T. NACP, the precursor protein of the non-amyloid beta/A4 protein (A beta) component of Alzheimer disease amyloid, binds A beta and stimulates A beta aggregation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995;92:9141-9145. Beach TG, Adler CH, Sue LI, et al. Multi-organ distribution of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein histopathology in subjects with Lewy body disorders. Acta Neuropathol 2010;119:689-702. Braak H, Tredici KD, Rüb U, deVos RAI, Jansen Steur ENH, Braak E. Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2003;24:197-211. Wirths O, Bayer TA. α-Synuclein, Aβ, and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2003;27:103-108. Angot E, Steiner JA, Lema Tome CM, et al. Alpha-synuclein cell-to-cell transfer and seeding in grafted dopaminergic neurons in vivo. PLoS One 2012;7:e39465. Kaufmann H, Nahm K, Purohit D, Wolfe D. Autonomic failure as the initial presentation of Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology 2004;63:1093-1095. Braak H, Sandmann-Keil D, Gai W, Braak E. Extensive axonal Lewy neurites in Parkinson's disease: a novel pathological feature revealed by α-synuclein immunocytochemistry. Neurosci Lett 1999;265:67-69. Siddiqui MF, Rast S, Lynn MJ, Auchus AP, Pfeiffer RF. Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a comprehensive symptom survey. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2002;8:277-284. Lippa CF, Fujiwara H, Mann DM, et al. Lewy bodies contain altered alpha-synuclein in brains of many familial Alzheimer's disease patients with mutations in presenilin and amyloid precursor protein genes. Am J Pathol 1998;153:1365-1370. 2004; 63 1995; 92 2006; 31 2012; 200 2006; 32 1995; 34 2002; 8 2008; 14 2006; 396 2008; 11 1999; 265 1996; 720 1996; 148 2007; 33 2012; 12 2011; 134 2003; 110 1998; 153 1998; 152 2003; 106 2010; 119 2000; 10 2003; 24 2003; 27 2008; 116 2011; 23 2012; 27 2012; 48 2012; 7 2001; 57 2007; 22 2010; 5 2008; 153 2007; 68 2010; 9 2009; 106 2001; 98 |
| References_xml | – reference: Iwai A, Masliah E, Sundsmo MP, et al. The synaptic protein NACP is abnormally expressed during the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 1996;720:230-234. – reference: Jellinger KA. Alpha-synuclein pathology in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brain: incidence and topographic distribution-a pilot study. Acta Neuropathol 2003;106:191-201. – reference: Mandal PK, Pettegrew JW, Masliah E, Hamilton RL, Mandal R. Interaction between abeta peptide and alpha synuclein: molecular mechanisms in overlapping pathology of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's in dementia with Lewy body disease. Neurochem Res 2006;31:1153-1162. – reference: Abbott RD, Petrovitch H, White LR, et al. Frequency of bowel movements and the future risk of Parkinson's disease. Neurology 2001;57:456-462. – reference: Siddiqui MF, Rast S, Lynn MJ, Auchus AP, Pfeiffer RF. Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a comprehensive symptom survey. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2002;8:277-284. – reference: Braak H, Tredici KD, Rüb U, deVos RAI, Jansen Steur ENH, Braak E. Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2003;24:197-211. – reference: Olanow CW, Prusiner SB. Is Parkinson's disease a prion disorder? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009;106:12571-12572. – reference: Pfeiffer RF. Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2012;12:697-706. – reference: Natale G, Pasquali L, Paparelli A, Fornai F. Parallel manifestations of neuropathologies in the enteric and central nervous systems. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;23:1056-1065. – reference: Böttner M, Zorenkov D, Hellwig I, et al. Expression pattern and localization of alpha-synuclein in the human enteric nervous system. Neurobiol Dis 2012;48:474-480. – reference: Kaufmann H, Nahm K, Purohit D, Wolfe D. Autonomic failure as the initial presentation of Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology 2004;63:1093-1095. – reference: Abbott RD, Ross GW, Petrovitch H, et al. Bowel movement frequency in late-life and incidental Lewy bodies. Mov Disord 2007;22:1581-1586. – reference: Baba M, Nakajo S, Tu PH, et al. Aggregation of alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies of sporadic Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Am J Pathol 1998;152:879-884. – reference: Hawkes CH, DelTredici K, Braak H. Parkinson's disease: a dual-hit hypothesis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2007;33:599-614. – reference: Masliah E, Rockenstein E, Veinbergs I, et al. β-Amyloid peptides enhance α-synuclein accumulation and neuronal deficits in a transgenic mouse model linking Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2001;98:12245-12250. – reference: Braak H, Sandmann-Keil D, Gai W, Braak E. Extensive axonal Lewy neurites in Parkinson's disease: a novel pathological feature revealed by α-synuclein immunocytochemistry. Neurosci Lett 1999;265:67-69. – reference: Braak H, deVos RAI, Bohl J, DelTredici K. Gastric α-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions in Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses in cases staged for Parkinson's disease-related brain pathology. Neurosci Lett 2006;396:67-72. – reference: Lippa CF, Fujiwara H, Mann DM, et al. Lewy bodies contain altered alpha-synuclein in brains of many familial Alzheimer's disease patients with mutations in presenilin and amyloid precursor protein genes. Am J Pathol 1998;153:1365-1370. – reference: Lebouvier T, Neunlist M, Bruley des Varannes S, et al. Colonic biopsies to assess the neuropathology of Parkinson's disease and its relationship with symptoms. PLoS One 2010;5:e12728. – reference: Compta Y, Parkkinen L, O'Sullivan SS, et al. Lewy- and Alzheimer-type pathologies in Parkinson's disease dementia: which is more important? Brain 2011;134:1493-1505. – reference: Gallardo G, Schluter OM, Sudhof TC. A molecular pathway of neurodegeneration linking alpha-synuclein to ApoE and abeta peptides. Nat Neurosci 2008;11:301-308. – reference: Phillips RJ, Walter GC, Wilder SL, Baronowsky EA, Powley TL. Alpha-synuclein-immunopositive myenteric neurons and vagal preganglionic terminals: autonomic pathway implicated in Parkinson's disease? Neuroscience 2008;153:733-750. – reference: Kordower JH, Chu Y, Hauser RA, Freeman TB, Olanow CW. Lewy body-like pathology in long-term embryonic nigral transplants in Parkinson's disease. Nat Med 2008;14:504-506. – reference: Hamilton RL. Lewy bodies in Alzheimer's disease: a neuropathological review of 145 cases using alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry. Brain Pathol 2000;10:378-384. – reference: Yoshimoto M, Iwai A, Kang D, Otero DA, Xia Y, Saitoh T. NACP, the precursor protein of the non-amyloid beta/A4 protein (A beta) component of Alzheimer disease amyloid, binds A beta and stimulates A beta aggregation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995;92:9141-9145. – reference: Masliah E, Iwai A, Mallory M, Ueda K, Saitoh T. Altered presynaptic protein NACP is associated with plaque formation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Pathol 1996;148:201-210. – reference: Minguez-Castellanos A, Chamorro CE, Escamilla-Sevilla F, et al. Do alpha-synuclein aggregates in autonomic plexuses predate lewy body disorders?: a cohort study. Neurology 2007;68:2012-2018. – reference: Wirths O, Bayer TA. α-Synuclein, Aβ, and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2003;27:103-108. – reference: Beach TG, Adler CH, Sue LI, et al. Multi-organ distribution of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein histopathology in subjects with Lewy body disorders. Acta Neuropathol 2010;119:689-702. – reference: Beach TG, White CL, Hamilton RL, et al. Evaluation of alpha-synuclein immunohistochemical methods used by invited experts. Acta Neuropathol 2008;116:277-288. – reference: Angot E, Steiner JA, Hansen C, Li JY, Brundin P. Are synucleinopathies prion-like disorders? Lancet Neurol 2010;9:1128-1138. – reference: Iwai A, Yoshimoto M, Masliah E, Saitoh T. Non-A beta component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid (NAC) is amyloidogenic. Biochemistry 1995;34:10139-10145. – reference: Muntane G, Ferrer I, Martinez-Vicente M. Alpha-synuclein phosphorylation and truncation are normal events in the adult human brain. Neuroscience 2012;200:106-119. – reference: Angot E, Steiner JA, Lema Tome CM, et al. Alpha-synuclein cell-to-cell transfer and seeding in grafted dopaminergic neurons in vivo. PLoS One 2012;7:e39465. – reference: Braak H, Rub U, Gai WP, DelTredici K. Idiopathic Parkinson's disease: possible routes by which vulnerable neuronal types may be subject to neuroinvasion by an unknown pathogen. J Neural Transm 2003;110:517-536. – reference: Bloch A, Probst A, Bissig H, Adams H, Tolnay M. Alpha-synuclein pathology of the spinal and peripheral autonomic nervous system in neurologically unimpaired elderly subjects. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2006;32:284-295. – reference: Shannon KM, Keshavarzian A, Mutlu E, et al. Alpha-synuclein in colonic submucosa in early untreated Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2012;27:709-715. – reference: Shannon KM, Keshavarzian A, Dodiya HB, Jakate S, Kordower JH. Is alpha-synuclein in the colon a biomarker for premotor Parkinson's disease? Evidence from 3 cases. Mov Disord 2012;27:716-719. – volume: 48 start-page: 474 year: 2012 end-page: 480 article-title: Expression pattern and localization of alpha‐synuclein in the human enteric nervous system publication-title: Neurobiol Dis – volume: 119 start-page: 689 year: 2010 end-page: 702 article-title: Multi‐organ distribution of phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein histopathology in subjects with Lewy body disorders publication-title: Acta Neuropathol – volume: 153 start-page: 1365 year: 1998 end-page: 1370 article-title: Lewy bodies contain altered alpha‐synuclein in brains of many familial Alzheimer's disease patients with mutations in presenilin and amyloid precursor protein genes publication-title: Am J Pathol – volume: 27 start-page: 103 year: 2003 end-page: 108 article-title: α‐Synuclein, Aβ, and Alzheimer's disease publication-title: Prog Neuro‐Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry – volume: 148 start-page: 201 year: 1996 end-page: 210 article-title: Altered presynaptic protein NACP is associated with plaque formation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease publication-title: Am J Pathol – volume: 98 start-page: 12245 year: 2001 end-page: 12250 article-title: β‐Amyloid peptides enhance α‐synuclein accumulation and neuronal deficits in a transgenic mouse model linking Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci – volume: 23 start-page: 1056 year: 2011 end-page: 1065 article-title: Parallel manifestations of neuropathologies in the enteric and central nervous systems publication-title: Neurogastroenterol Motil – volume: 31 start-page: 1153 year: 2006 end-page: 1162 article-title: Interaction between abeta peptide and alpha synuclein: molecular mechanisms in overlapping pathology of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's in dementia with Lewy body disease publication-title: Neurochem Res – volume: 152 start-page: 879 year: 1998 end-page: 884 article-title: Aggregation of alpha‐synuclein in Lewy bodies of sporadic Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies publication-title: Am J Pathol – volume: 9 start-page: 1128 year: 2010 end-page: 1138 article-title: Angot E, Steiner JA, Hansen C, Li JY, Brundin P. Are synucleinopathies prion‐like disorders? publication-title: Lancet Neurol – volume: 265 start-page: 67 year: 1999 end-page: 69 article-title: Extensive axonal Lewy neurites in Parkinson's disease: a novel pathological feature revealed by α‐synuclein immunocytochemistry publication-title: Neurosci Lett – volume: 68 start-page: 2012 year: 2007 end-page: 2018 article-title: Do alpha‐synuclein aggregates in autonomic plexuses predate lewy body disorders?: a cohort study publication-title: Neurology – volume: 32 start-page: 284 year: 2006 end-page: 295 article-title: Alpha‐synuclein pathology of the spinal and peripheral autonomic nervous system in neurologically unimpaired elderly subjects publication-title: Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol – volume: 92 start-page: 9141 year: 1995 end-page: 9145 article-title: NACP, the precursor protein of the non‐amyloid beta/A4 protein (A beta) component of Alzheimer disease amyloid, binds A beta and stimulates A beta aggregation publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A – volume: 57 start-page: 456 year: 2001 end-page: 462 article-title: Frequency of bowel movements and the future risk of Parkinson's disease publication-title: Neurology – volume: 12 start-page: 697 year: 2012 end-page: 706 article-title: Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease publication-title: Expert Rev Neurother – volume: 396 start-page: 67 year: 2006 end-page: 72 article-title: Gastric α‐synuclein immunoreactive inclusions in Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses in cases staged for Parkinson's disease‐related brain pathology publication-title: Neurosci Lett – volume: 24 start-page: 197 year: 2003 end-page: 211 article-title: Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease publication-title: Neurobiol Aging – volume: 10 start-page: 378 year: 2000 end-page: 384 article-title: Lewy bodies in Alzheimer's disease: a neuropathological review of 145 cases using alpha‐synuclein immunohistochemistry publication-title: Brain Pathol – volume: 5 start-page: e12728 year: 2010 article-title: Colonic biopsies to assess the neuropathology of Parkinson's disease and its relationship with symptoms publication-title: PLoS One – volume: 8 start-page: 277 year: 2002 end-page: 284 article-title: Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a comprehensive symptom survey publication-title: Parkinsonism Relat Disord – volume: 22 start-page: 1581 year: 2007 end-page: 1586 article-title: Bowel movement frequency in late‐life and incidental Lewy bodies publication-title: Mov Disord – volume: 134 start-page: 1493 year: 2011 end-page: 1505 article-title: Lewy‐ and Alzheimer‐type pathologies in Parkinson's disease dementia: which is more important? publication-title: Brain – volume: 33 start-page: 599 year: 2007 end-page: 614 article-title: Parkinson's disease: a dual‐hit hypothesis publication-title: Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol – volume: 27 start-page: 709 year: 2012 end-page: 715 article-title: Alpha‐synuclein in colonic submucosa in early untreated Parkinson's disease publication-title: Mov Disord – volume: 14 start-page: 504 year: 2008 end-page: 506 article-title: Lewy body‐like pathology in long‐term embryonic nigral transplants in Parkinson's disease publication-title: Nat Med – volume: 106 start-page: 12571 year: 2009 end-page: 12572 article-title: Is Parkinson's disease a prion disorder? publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A – volume: 116 start-page: 277 year: 2008 end-page: 288 article-title: Evaluation of alpha‐synuclein immunohistochemical methods used by invited experts publication-title: Acta Neuropathol – volume: 7 start-page: e39465 year: 2012 article-title: Alpha‐synuclein cell‐to‐cell transfer and seeding in grafted dopaminergic neurons publication-title: PLoS One – volume: 110 start-page: 517 year: 2003 end-page: 536 article-title: Idiopathic Parkinson's disease: possible routes by which vulnerable neuronal types may be subject to neuroinvasion by an unknown pathogen publication-title: J Neural Transm – volume: 27 start-page: 716 year: 2012 end-page: 719 article-title: Is alpha‐synuclein in the colon a biomarker for premotor Parkinson's disease? Evidence from 3 cases publication-title: Mov Disord – volume: 63 start-page: 1093 year: 2004 end-page: 1095 article-title: Autonomic failure as the initial presentation of Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies publication-title: Neurology – volume: 11 start-page: 301 year: 2008 end-page: 308 article-title: A molecular pathway of neurodegeneration linking alpha‐synuclein to ApoE and abeta peptides publication-title: Nat Neurosci – volume: 34 start-page: 10139 year: 1995 end-page: 10145 article-title: Non‐A beta component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid (NAC) is amyloidogenic publication-title: Biochemistry – volume: 200 start-page: 106 year: 2012 end-page: 119 article-title: Alpha‐synuclein phosphorylation and truncation are normal events in the adult human brain publication-title: Neuroscience – volume: 720 start-page: 230 year: 1996 end-page: 234 article-title: The synaptic protein NACP is abnormally expressed during the progression of Alzheimer's disease publication-title: Brain Res – volume: 153 start-page: 733 year: 2008 end-page: 750 article-title: Alpha‐synuclein‐immunopositive myenteric neurons and vagal preganglionic terminals: autonomic pathway implicated in Parkinson's disease? publication-title: Neuroscience – volume: 106 start-page: 191 year: 2003 end-page: 201 article-title: Alpha‐synuclein pathology in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brain: incidence and topographic distribution—a pilot study publication-title: Acta Neuropathol |
| SSID | ssj0011516 |
| Score | 2.4051263 |
| Snippet | ABSTRACT
Background and Objective
Alpha‐synuclein (α‐Syn) is immunohistochemically detectable in enteric neurons in some subjects. We determined its age... Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is immunohistochemically detectable in enteric neurons in some subjects. We determined its age distribution in the general autopsy... Background and Objective Alpha-synuclein ([alpha]-Syn) is immunohistochemically detectable in enteric neurons in some subjects. We determined its age... Background and Objective Alpha-synuclein ( alpha -Syn) is immunohistochemically detectable in enteric neurons in some subjects. We determined its age... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed wiley istex |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 237 |
| SubjectTerms | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein - biosynthesis Alzheimer Disease - metabolism Alzheimer Disease - pathology Alzheimer's disease Autopsy Brain - pathology enteric nervous system Enteric Nervous System - metabolism Enteric Nervous System - pathology Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Lewy bodies Lewy Bodies - pathology Male Middle Aged Movement disorders Myenteric Plexus - pathology Parkinson Disease - metabolism Parkinson Disease - pathology Parkinson's disease Submucous Plexus - pathology Young Adult |
| Title | Enteric alpha-synuclein expression is increased in Parkinson's disease but not Alzheimer's disease |
| URI | https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-QS5HGMN9-P/fulltext.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fmds.25298 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23362176 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1317463947 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1317491980 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1312657534 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1891867593 |
| Volume | 28 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1baxQxFA6lD-KL98tolQiivsx2J9cJPhW1XYRd1FrsgxCSSQYHbVY6s1D75E_wN_aX9CQzO0VREd8STgLJnJzMl5xzviD0WFJpmRMi547xnJGC5dZUNBdUGmGtcDwRac8XYnbAXh_yww30fJ0L0_NDjBdu0TLSfh0N3Nh2-4I09Mi1E8KJiom-MVYrAqJ3I3UUAJ307CkYEU8ZwmtWoSnZHnsCII3f8uR36PJnsJr-NrtX0cf1OPsgk8-TVWcn1ekvFI7_OZFr6MqAQvFOv2yuow0fbqBL88HPfhO5FCvQVDil4p59_9F-C5H4uAnYnwyhswE3LW5CRJ2td1DCMYM6JZM9bfHg-MF21eGw7PDOl9NPvjnyxxeyW-hg99X7F7N8eI8hbyLrPGjSeQDjrGTGSFe72itDbBnrwk5rKyo4vzlqaUFqV5WeQEVxSbmBXcPWFb2NNsMy-LsIV7a0ZCoV9KPQ2xvvVemkq4RlBZw4M_QkaUZ_7Tk3NEwghqBJrj8s9vTbfT7bmy-UfpOhrbXq9GB9rS4AFDGAXkz-WawKVU4z9GgUg1lFX4kJfrlKbUj0SVH2lzalinSAXNEM3elXzTheQgEZFFJk6FnS_SjoaaKJBq3rpHU9f7mfCvf-vel9dJmkZzliWM0W2uyOV_4BgKPOPkxWcA7C-As- |
| linkProvider | Wiley-Blackwell |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3NbtQwEB6VIgEX_lsCBYyEgEu2G__GEpeK0i7QrIC2ohdkxbEjImgWNVmp7amPwDPyJNhONhUIEOJmy7ZkZzzOZ8_MNwCPBRGaGs5jZiiLKU5orPOCxJyInGvNDQtE2tmUT_bp6wN2sATPF7EwHT_E8ODmNSOc117B_YP0-jlr6KFpRphhmV6Aiz6jt89fsPl-II9yUCckPnVqxEKM8IJXaIzXh6EOkvqvefw7fPkzXA3_m61r8HEx087N5PNo3upRcfoLieP_LuU6XO2BKNrods4NWLL1TbiU9ab2W2CCu0BVoBCN-_3sW3NSe-7jqkb2uPeerVHVoKr2wLOxxpWQD6IO8WRPG9TbfpCet6ietWjjy-knWx3ao_O227C_9XLvxSTuUzLElSeed8I01uFxmtI8F6Y0pZU51qmvcz0uNS_cFc4QTRJcmiK12FUkE4Tl7uDQZUFWYLme1fYOoEKnGo-FdOOIG21za2VqhCm4pom7dEbwJIhGfe1oN5RbgPdCE0x9mG6rd7tssp1NpXobwdpCdqpXwEYlDhdRh76o-HOzTGQ6juDR0Ow0y5tL8trO5qEP9mYpQv_SJ5WeEZBJEsFqt22G-WLiwEEieATPgvCHho4pGisndRWkrrLN3VC4--9dH8LlyV62o3ZeTd_cgys4ZOnwXjZrsNweze19h5Va_SCoxA9gjg9Y |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwEB6VIlVceD8CBYyEgEu2Gz8Tcaoo2-Wxq0Kp6AHJimNHRG2zVbMrlZ74CfxGfgljJ5sKBAhxszW2ZGc8zmfPzGeAx4opw62UsbBcxJwmPDZ5wWLJVC6NkVYEIu3JVI73-Ot9sb8Cz5e5MC0_RH_h5i0j7NfewI9tuXFOGnpkmwEVNEsvwEUu0Vg8Inrfc0ch0gnvnqJAhBThJa3QkG70XRGR-o95-jt4-TNaDb-b0RX4tBxoG2VyMFjMzaA4-4XD8T9nchUudzCUbLbr5hqsuPo6rE06R_sNsCFYoCpIyMX9_vVb86X2zMdVTdxpFztbk6ohVe1hZ-MslohPoQ7ZZE8b0nl-iFnMST2bk83Ds8-uOnIn57KbsDd6-eHFOO4eZIgrTzuPqrQO0ThPeZ4rW9rSZTk1qa9LMyyNLPAAZ5lhCS1tkTqKlUwoJnLcNkxZsFuwWs9qdwdIYVJDhyrDfgx7u9y5LLXKFtLwBI-cETwJmtHHLemGxgn4GDQl9Mfptn63K8bbk2mmdyJYX6pOd-bX6ARREUfsxdWfxVmSpcMIHvVitCvvLMlrN1uENtQ7pRj_S5s083yAImMR3G5XTT9eyhAaJEpG8Czovhe0PNFUo9Z10LqebO2Gwt1_b_oQ1na2Rvrtq-mbe3CJhic6fIjNOqzOTxbuPgKluXkQDOIHSV4OEA |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Enteric+alpha-synuclein+expression+is+increased+in+Parkinson%27s+disease+but+not+Alzheimer%27s+disease&rft.jtitle=Movement+disorders&rft.au=Gold%2C+Andrea&rft.au=Turkalp%2C+Zorbey+T&rft.au=Munoz%2C+David+G&rft.date=2013-02-01&rft.issn=0885-3185&rft.eissn=1531-8257&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.epage=241&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fmds.25298&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0885-3185&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0885-3185&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0885-3185&client=summon |