PREDICTABILITY AND IRREVERSIBILITY OF GENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH FLOWER COLOR EVOLUTION IN PENSTEMON BARBATUS

• Published in: Evolution Vol. 68; no. 4; pp. 1058 - 1070
• Main Authors: Wessinger, Carolyn A., Rausher, Mark D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.04.2014; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: Alleles; Amino acids; Anthocyanins; Anthocyanins - genetics; Bioassays; Color; constraint; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - genetics; enzyme function; Enzymes; Evolution; Evolution, Molecular; Evolutionary biology; Evolutionary genetics; Flavonoids; Flowers; Flowers & plants; Flowers - genetics; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genetic loci; Genetic mutation; Genetics; genetics of adaptation; Genotype & phenotype; Hybridity; Inactivation; Mutation; parallel evolution; Penstemon - genetics; Penstemon barbatus; Phylogeny; Physiology; Anthocyanins; parallel evolution; constraint; enzyme function; genetics of adaptation

Two outstanding questions in evolutionary biology are whether, and how often, the genetic basis of phenotypic evolution is predictable; and whether genetic change constrains evolutionary reversibility. We address these questions by studying the genetic basis of red flower color in Penstemon barbatus...