The systematic distribution of vascular epiphytes - a critical update
Vascular epiphyte species exclusively, or at least primarily, germinate and grow on other plants without contact with the soil and, in contrast to mistletoes, without parasitizing their hosts. The last review of the systematic distribution of this diverse group of plants dates back more than two dec...
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| Published in | Botanical journal of the Linnean Society Vol. 171; no. 3; pp. 453 - 481 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.03.2013
Oxford University Press |
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| Abstract | Vascular epiphyte species exclusively, or at least primarily, germinate and grow on other plants without contact with the soil and, in contrast to mistletoes, without parasitizing their hosts. The last review of the systematic distribution of this diverse group of plants dates back more than two decades. The present study pursues three major goals: (1) it critically discusses conceptual problems arising from the distinction of epiphytes from non‐epiphytes; (2) it presents a compilation of epiphytic diversity derived from a vast number of sources; and (3) it arranges epiphyte diversity in an up‐to‐date taxonomic framework. The resulting compilation, which identifies 27 614 species of vascular epiphytes (including primary hemiepiphytes) representing 913 genera in 73 families, or approximately 9% of extant vascular plant diversity, is meant to be an important tool for studies on the ecology and evolution of epiphytes, but also for comparative studies with a focus on other life forms. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London |
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| AbstractList | Vascular epiphyte species exclusively, or at least primarily, germinate and grow on other plants without contact with the soil and, in contrast to mistletoes, without parasitizing their hosts. The last review of the systematic distribution of this diverse group of plants dates back more than two decades. The present study pursues three major goals: (1) it critically discusses conceptual problems arising from the distinction of epiphytes from non-epiphytes; (2) it presents a compilation of epiphytic diversity derived from a vast number of sources; and (3) it arranges epiphyte diversity in an up-to-date taxonomic framework. The resulting compilation, which identifies 27 614 species of vascular epiphytes (including primary hemiepiphytes) representing 913 genera in 73 families, or approximately 9% of extant vascular plant diversity, is meant to be an important tool for studies on the ecology and evolution of epiphytes, but also for comparative studies with a focus on other life forms. [copy 2013 The Linnean Society of London Vascular epiphyte species exclusively, or at least primarily, germinate and grow on other plants without contact with the soil and, in contrast to mistletoes, without parasitizing their hosts. The last review of the systematic distribution of this diverse group of plants dates back more than two decades. The present study pursues three major goals: (1) it critically discusses conceptual problems arising from the distinction of epiphytes from non-epiphytes; (2) it presents a compilation of epiphytic diversity derived from a vast number of sources; and (3) it arranges epiphyte diversity in an up-to-date taxonomic framework. The resulting compilation, which identifies 27614 species of vascular epiphytes (including primary hemiepiphytes) representing 913 genera in 73 families, or approximately 9% of extant vascular plant diversity, is meant to be an important tool for studies on the ecology and evolution of epiphytes, but also for comparative studies with a focus on other life forms. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Vascular epiphyte species exclusively, or at least primarily, germinate and grow on other plants without contact with the soil and, in contrast to mistletoes, without parasitizing their hosts. The last review of the systematic distribution of this diverse group of plants dates back more than two decades. The present study pursues three major goals: (1) it critically discusses conceptual problems arising from the distinction of epiphytes from non‐epiphytes; (2) it presents a compilation of epiphytic diversity derived from a vast number of sources; and (3) it arranges epiphyte diversity in an up‐to‐date taxonomic framework. The resulting compilation, which identifies 27 614 species of vascular epiphytes (including primary hemiepiphytes) representing 913 genera in 73 families, or approximately 9% of extant vascular plant diversity, is meant to be an important tool for studies on the ecology and evolution of epiphytes, but also for comparative studies with a focus on other life forms. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London |
| Author | Zotz, Gerhard |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gerhard surname: Zotz fullname: Zotz, Gerhard email: gerhard.zotz@uni-oldenburg.de organization: Functional Ecology Group, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Box 2503, D-26111, Oldenburg, Germany |
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| Notes | istex:539446CBE2FC3DAC04B536D9E958A80F1538BA1B Appendix S1. List of consulted taxonomic experts. Appendix S2. The following families, which were included in KBL, have been dropped. Also given are the genera which were formerly treated as containing epiphytic members. Reasons for exclusion are given under comments. ark:/67375/WNG-74GX91W1-P ArticleID:BOJ12010 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
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| References_xml | – reference: Mirbel CF Brisseau de. 1815. Élemens de physiologie végétale et de botanique, 2nd edn. – reference: Wikström N, Kenrick P, Chase MW. 1999. Epiphytism and terrestrialization in tropical Huperzia (Lycopodiaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 218: 221-243. – reference: Borba EL, Semir J. 1998. Bulbophyllum × cipoense (Orchidaceae), a new natural hybrid from the Brazilian 'campos rupestres'. Lindleyana 13: 113-120. – reference: Gravendeel B, Smithson A, Slik FJW, Schuiteman A. 2004. Epiphytism and pollinator specialization: drivers for orchid diversity? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in London B Biological Sciences 359: 1523-1535. – reference: Christenhusz MJM, Reveal JL, Farjon A, Gardner MF, Mill RR, Chase MW. 2011a. A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms. Phytotaxa 19: 55-70. – reference: Pridgeon AM, Cribb PJ, Chase JM, Rasmussen FN. 2009. Genera orchidacearum. Epidendroideae (part 2). Oxford: Oxford University Press. – reference: Maffia B, Nadkarni NM, Janos DP. 1993. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae of epiphytic and terrestrial Piperaceae under field and greenhouse conditions. Mycorrhiza 4: 5-9. – reference: Monteiro SHN, Selbach-Schnadelbach A, de Oliveira RP, van den Berg C. 2010. Molecular phylogenetics of Galeandra (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. Systematic Botany 35: 476-486. – reference: Cetzal-Ix W, Balam-Narvaez R, Carnevali G. 2012. A new nothogenus and nothospecies in the Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae) from Quintana Roo, Mexico. Nordic Journal of Botany 30: 40-46. – reference: Luther HE, Norton KF. 2008. Epiphytism in Bromeliaceae: a synopsis. Selbyana 29: 215-216. – reference: Quezada IM, Gianoli E. 2011. Crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis in Bromeliaceae: an evolutionary key innovation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 104: 480-486. – reference: Tepe EJ, Bohs L. 2011. A revision of Solanum section Herpystichum. Systematic Botany 36: 1068-1087. – reference: Bosser J. 1971. Contribution a l'étude des Orchidaceae de Madagascar. XVII. Adansonia sér. 2 11: 519-543. – reference: Ibisch PL. 1996. Neotropische Epiphytendiversität - das Beispiel Bolivien. Wiehl: Martina Galunder-Verlag. – reference: Williams KJ, Kress WJ, Htun T. 2003. A striking new epiphytic Hedychium (Zingiberaceae) from Myanmar with a discussion on some anomalous related genera. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 60: 43-48. – reference: Renner SS. 1986. The Neotropical epiphytic Melastomataceae: phytogeographic patterns, fruit types, and floral biology. Selbyana 9: 104-111. – reference: Benzing DH, Atwood JT. 1984. Orchidaceae: ancestral habitats and current status in forest canopies. Systematic Botany 9: 155-165. – reference: Jongkind CCH. 2005. Novitates Gabonenses 54. A new species of Gardenia (Gardenieae, Rubiaceae) from Gabon. 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