Orientational dependence of T2 relaxation in articular cartilage: A microscopic MRI (μMRI) study
The experiments reported herein are the first MRI investigations of the orientational dependence of T2 relaxation in articular cartilage at microscopic resolution over the 360° angular space. For each of six canine cartilage specimens, 48 independent T2‐weighted proton images were acquired for 12 di...
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Published in | Magnetic resonance in medicine Vol. 48; no. 3; pp. 460 - 469 |
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Language | English |
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01.09.2002
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Abstract | The experiments reported herein are the first MRI investigations of the orientational dependence of T2 relaxation in articular cartilage at microscopic resolution over the 360° angular space. For each of six canine cartilage specimens, 48 independent T2‐weighted proton images were acquired for 12 different specimen orientations. Pixel‐wise monoexponential fits of these proton images produced 12 T2 relaxation images, each with an in‐plane pixel resolution of 13.7 μm. Cartilage T2 as a function of specimen orientation was shown to follow approximately the angular dependence of the nuclear dipole–dipole interaction, with local maxima at approximately 55°, 125°, 235°, and 305°. However, the relative amplitudes of the T2 maxima deviated somewhat from those expected from the dipolar interaction. The amplitudes of these maxima also varied with tissue depth: the largest amplitudes were found in the radial zone, intermediate amplitudes were found in the superficial zone, and there was a continuous decrease in amplitude approaching the transitional zone from the superficial zone above and the radial zone below. We explain the discrepancy between the observed T2 anisotropy and the angular dependence of the dipolar interaction by means of a simple model which considers the average of one isotropic and two anisotropic spin populations—the first being associated with “free” water, and the latter two arising from collagen‐associated waters. We show that even for the “long” T2 components, which arise in multiple‐compartment studies of collagen‐water systems, there appears to be two subpopulations. Each has the same peak value of T2, but the angular dependence of one is shifted in phase by 90° relative to the other by virtue of the fact that each is associated with groups of mutually perpendicular fibrils. Magn Reson Med 48:460–469, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. |
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AbstractList | The experiments reported herein are the first MRI investigations of the orientational dependence of T2 relaxation in articular cartilage at microscopic resolution over the 360° angular space. For each of six canine cartilage specimens, 48 independent T2‐weighted proton images were acquired for 12 different specimen orientations. Pixel‐wise monoexponential fits of these proton images produced 12 T2 relaxation images, each with an in‐plane pixel resolution of 13.7 μm. Cartilage T2 as a function of specimen orientation was shown to follow approximately the angular dependence of the nuclear dipole–dipole interaction, with local maxima at approximately 55°, 125°, 235°, and 305°. However, the relative amplitudes of the T2 maxima deviated somewhat from those expected from the dipolar interaction. The amplitudes of these maxima also varied with tissue depth: the largest amplitudes were found in the radial zone, intermediate amplitudes were found in the superficial zone, and there was a continuous decrease in amplitude approaching the transitional zone from the superficial zone above and the radial zone below. We explain the discrepancy between the observed T2 anisotropy and the angular dependence of the dipolar interaction by means of a simple model which considers the average of one isotropic and two anisotropic spin populations—the first being associated with “free” water, and the latter two arising from collagen‐associated waters. We show that even for the “long” T2 components, which arise in multiple‐compartment studies of collagen‐water systems, there appears to be two subpopulations. Each has the same peak value of T2, but the angular dependence of one is shifted in phase by 90° relative to the other by virtue of the fact that each is associated with groups of mutually perpendicular fibrils. Magn Reson Med 48:460–469, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. The experiments reported herein are the first MRI investigations of the orientational dependence of T(2) relaxation in articular cartilage at microscopic resolution over the 360 degrees angular space. For each of six canine cartilage specimens, 48 independent T(2)-weighted proton images were acquired for 12 different specimen orientations. Pixel-wise monoexponential fits of these proton images produced 12 T(2) relaxation images, each with an in-plane pixel resolution of 13.7 microm. Cartilage T(2) as a function of specimen orientation was shown to follow approximately the angular dependence of the nuclear dipole-dipole interaction, with local maxima at approximately 55 degrees, 125 degrees, 235 degrees, and 305 degrees. However, the relative amplitudes of the T(2) maxima deviated somewhat from those expected from the dipolar interaction. The amplitudes of these maxima also varied with tissue depth: the largest amplitudes were found in the radial zone, intermediate amplitudes were found in the superficial zone, and there was a continuous decrease in amplitude approaching the transitional zone from the superficial zone above and the radial zone below. We explain the discrepancy between the observed T(2) anisotropy and the angular dependence of the dipolar interaction by means of a simple model which considers the average of one isotropic and two anisotropic spin populations-the first being associated with "free" water, and the latter two arising from collagen-associated waters. We show that even for the "long" T(2) components, which arise in multiple-compartment studies of collagen-water systems, there appears to be two subpopulations. Each has the same peak value of T(2), but the angular dependence of one is shifted in phase by 90 degrees relative to the other by virtue of the fact that each is associated with groups of mutually perpendicular fibrils. |
Author | Moody, Jonathan B. Xia, Yang Alhadlaq, Hisham |
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Keywords | Fissipedia Animal model Carnivora Angular resolution Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging Vertebrata Mammalia Articular cartilage Anisotropy Animal Collagen Medical imagery Dog Quantitative analysis |
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References_xml | – volume: 36 start-page: 121 year: 1977 end-page: 129 article-title: Chemical composition and swelling of normal and osteoarthritic femoral head cartilage publication-title: Ann Rheum Dis – volume: 14 start-page: 50 year: 2001 end-page: 55 article-title: Spatial variation in cartilage T2 of the knee publication-title: J Magn Reson Imaging – volume: 76 start-page: 43 year: 1925 end-page: 63 article-title: Form und Bau der Gelenkknorpel in ihren Beziehungen zur Funktion publication-title: Erste Mitteil Zeitschr Anat Entwick – volume: 35 start-page: 602 year: 2000 end-page: 621 article-title: Magic angle effect in MRI of articular cartilage—a review publication-title: Invest Radiol – volume: 50A start-page: 663 year: 1968 end-page: 674 article-title: An ultrastructural study of normal young adult human articular cartilage publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Am – volume: 170 start-page: 495 year: 1989 end-page: 499 article-title: Structure, function, and degeneration of bovine hyaline cartilage: assessment with MR imaging in vitro publication-title: Radiology – volume: 5 start-page: 790 year: 1998 end-page: 798 article-title: Micro‐imaging of articular cartilage: T2, proton density, and the magic angle effect publication-title: Acad Radiol – volume: 207 start-page: 637 year: 1998 end-page: 645 article-title: Developing epiphysis: MR imaging characteristics and histologic correlation in the newborn lamb publication-title: Radiology – volume: 73B start-page: 795 year: 1991 end-page: 801 article-title: Three‐dimensional collagen architecture in bovine articular cartilage publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg (Br) – volume: 39 start-page: 251 year: 1998 end-page: 258 article-title: Variable TE gradient and spin echo sequences for in vivo MR microscopy of short T2 species publication-title: Magn Reson Med – volume: 205 start-page: 546 year: 1997 end-page: 550 article-title: Spatial variation of T2 in human articular cartilage publication-title: Radiology – volume: 14 start-page: 435 year: 1996 end-page: 442 article-title: Investigation of laminar appearance of articular cartilage by means of magnetic resonance microscopy publication-title: Magn Reson Imaging – volume: 35 start-page: 423 year: 1996 end-page: 425 article-title: A method for generating magnetic resonance microimaging T2 maps with low sensitivity to diffusion publication-title: Magn Reson Med – volume: 4 start-page: 353 year: 1994 end-page: 359 article-title: Hyaline articular cartilage: relaxation times, pulse‐sequence parameters and MR appearance at 1.5T publication-title: Eur Radiol J – volume: 177 start-page: 492 year: 1969 end-page: 500 article-title: The correlation of fixed negative charge with glycosaminoglycan content of human articular cartilage publication-title: Biochim Biophys Acta – volume: 38 start-page: 72 year: 1997 end-page: 81 article-title: Short TE MR microscopy: accurate measurement and zonal differentiation of normal hyaline cartilage publication-title: Magn Reson Med – volume: 214 start-page: 259 year: 2000 end-page: 266 article-title: Human articular cartilage: influence of aging and early symptomatic degeneration on the spatial variation of —preliminary findings at 3 T publication-title: Radiology – volume: 12 start-page: 248 year: 1898 article-title: Über die spaltrichtungen der gelenkknorpel publication-title: Verh Anat Ges – volume: 27 start-page: 306 year: 1998 end-page: 310 article-title: Orientation‐dependent changes in MR signal intensity of articular cartilage: a manifestation of the “magic angle” effect publication-title: Skeletal Radiol – volume: 6 start-page: 24 year: 1998 end-page: 32 article-title: Correlation between biochemical composition and magnetic resonance appearance of articular cartilage publication-title: Osteoarthritis Cartilage – volume: 15 start-page: 949 year: 1997 end-page: 956 article-title: Artificially produced cartilage lesions in small joints: detection with optimized MRI‐sequences publication-title: Magn Reson Imaging – volume: 33 start-page: 483 year: 1995 end-page: 489 article-title: Action of compression and cations on the proton and deuterium relaxation in cartilage publication-title: Magn Reson Med – volume: 188 start-page: 219 year: 1993 end-page: 226 article-title: Effects of collagen orientation on MR imaging characteristics of bovine articular cartilage publication-title: Radiology – volume: 174 start-page: 405 year: 2000 end-page: 409 article-title: In vitro MR imaging of hyaline cartilage: correlation with scanning electron microscopy publication-title: AJR Am J Roentgenol – volume: 8 start-page: 705 year: 1990 end-page: 712 article-title: Fiber‐to‐field angle dependence of proton nuclear magnetic relaxation in collagen publication-title: Magn Reson Imaging – volume: 7 start-page: 887 year: 1997 end-page: 894 article-title: Origin of cartilage laminae in MRI publication-title: J Magn Reson Imaging – volume: 155 start-page: 433 year: 1985 end-page: 435 article-title: Orientation of tendons in the magnetic field and its effect on T2 relaxation times publication-title: Radiology – volume: 176 start-page: 479 year: 1990 end-page: 483 article-title: Patellar cartilage lesions: in‐vitro detection and staging with MR imaging and pathologic correlation publication-title: Radiology – volume: 9 start-page: 393 year: 2001 end-page: 406 article-title: Quantitative in situ correlation between microscopic MRI and polarized light microscopy studies of articular cartilage publication-title: Osteoarthritis Cartilage – volume: 8 start-page: 51 year: 1996 end-page: 56 article-title: The magic angle effect in musculoskeletal MR imaging publication-title: Top Magn Reson Imaging – volume: 23 start-page: 75 year: 1989 end-page: 88 article-title: The three‐dimensional ‘knit’ of collagen fibrils in articular cartilage publication-title: Connect Tissue Res – volume: 39 start-page: 941 year: 1998 end-page: 949 article-title: Relaxation anisotropy in cartilage by NMR microscopy (μMRI) at 14 μm resolution publication-title: Magn Reson Med – volume: 323 start-page: 323 year: 1995 end-page: 328 article-title: Self‐diffusion monitors degraded cartilage publication-title: Arch Biochem Biophys – volume: 177 start-page: 665 year: 2001 end-page: 669 article-title: MR imaging and T2 mapping of femoral cartilage: in vivo determination of the magic angle effect publication-title: AJR Am J Roentgenol – volume: 52 start-page: 554 issue: B year: 1970 end-page: 563 article-title: The distribution of collagen in human articular cartilage with some of its physiological implications publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg – volume: 32 start-page: 592 year: 1994 end-page: 601 article-title: Anisotropy of NMR properties of tissues publication-title: Magn Reson Med – volume: 181 start-page: 853 year: 1991 end-page: 855 article-title: Articular cartilage correlation of histologic zones with signal intensity at MR imaging publication-title: Radiology – volume: 39 start-page: 376 year: 1998 end-page: 382 article-title: MR‐microscopic visualization of anisotropic internal cartilage structures using the magic angle technique publication-title: Magn Reson Med – volume: 17 start-page: 1387 year: 1997 end-page: 1402 article-title: In vitro and in vivo MR imaging of hyaline cartilage: zonal anatomy, imaging pitfalls, and pathologic conditions publication-title: Radiographics – volume: 57 start-page: 71 year: 1990 end-page: 84 article-title: Structure and dynamics of water in tendon from NMR relaxation measurements publication-title: Biophys J – volume: 4 start-page: 197 year: 1996 end-page: 207 article-title: Cartilage swelling and loss in a spontaneous model of osteoarthritis visualized by magnetic resonance imaging publication-title: Osteoarthritis Cartilage – volume: 31 start-page: 273 year: 1994 end-page: 282 article-title: Diffusion and relaxation mapping of cartilage‐bone plugs and excised disks using microscopic magnetic resonance imaging publication-title: Magn Reson Med |
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Snippet | The experiments reported herein are the first MRI investigations of the orientational dependence of T2 relaxation in articular cartilage at microscopic... The experiments reported herein are the first MRI investigations of the orientational dependence of T(2) relaxation in articular cartilage at microscopic... |
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SubjectTerms | Animals Anisotropy Biological and medical sciences cartilage Cartilage, Articular - anatomy & histology collagen fiber Dogs Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) magic angle effect Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Medical sciences MRI Osteoarticular system. Muscles Protons Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry Shoulder Joint T2 anisotropy |
Title | Orientational dependence of T2 relaxation in articular cartilage: A microscopic MRI (μMRI) study |
URI | https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-VPHR3TWT-T/fulltext.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fmrm.10216 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12210910 https://search.proquest.com/docview/72059024 |
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