Accurate real-time FENO expirograms using complementary optical sensors
The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is an important biomarker for the diagnosis and management of asthma and other pulmonary diseases associated with airway inflammation. In this study we report on a novel method for accurate, highly time-resolved, real time detection of FENO at the mouth. T...
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Published in | Journal of breath research Vol. 14; no. 4; p. 047102 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Bristol
IOP Publishing
01.10.2020
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Abstract | The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is an important biomarker for the diagnosis and management of asthma and other pulmonary diseases associated with airway inflammation. In this study we report on a novel method for accurate, highly time-resolved, real time detection of FENO at the mouth. The experimental arrangement is based on a combination of optical sensors for the determination of the temporal profile of exhaled NO and CO2 concentrations. Breath CO2 and exhalation flow are measured at the mouth using diode laser absorption spectroscopy (at 2 μm) and differential pressure sensing, respectively. NO is determined in a sidestream configuration using a quantum cascade laser based, cavity-enhanced absorption cell (at 5.2 μm) which simultaneously measures sidestream CO2. The at-mouth and sidestream CO2 measurements are used to enable the deconvolution of the sidestream NO measurement back to the at-mouth location. All measurements have a time resolution of 0.1 s, limited by the requirement of a reasonable limit of detection for the NO measurement, which on this timescale is 4.7 ppb (2 σ). Using this methodology, NO expirograms (FENOgrams) were measured and compared for eight healthy volunteers. The FENOgrams appear to differ qualitatively between individuals and the hope is that the dynamic information encoded in these FENOgrams will provide valuable additional insight into the location of the inflammation in the airways and potentially predict a response to therapy. A validation of the measurements at low-time resolution is provided by checking that results from previous studies that used a two-compartment model of NO production can be reproduced using our technology. |
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AbstractList | The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is an important biomarker for the diagnosis and management of asthma and other pulmonary diseases associated with airway inflammation. In this study we report on a novel method for accurate, highly time-resolved, real time detection of FENO at the mouth. The experimental arrangement is based on a combination of optical sensors for the determination of the temporal profile of exhaled NO and CO2 concentrations. Breath CO2 and exhalation flow are measured at the mouth using diode laser absorption spectroscopy (at 2 μm) and differential pressure sensing, respectively. NO is determined in a sidestream configuration using a quantum cascade laser based, cavity-enhanced absorption cell (at 5.2 μm) which simultaneously measures sidestream CO2. The at-mouth and sidestream CO2 measurements are used to enable the deconvolution of the sidestream NO measurement back to the at-mouth location. All measurements have a time resolution of 0.1 s, limited by the requirement of a reasonable limit of detection for the NO measurement, which on this timescale is 4.7 ppb (2 σ). Using this methodology, NO expirograms (FENOgrams) were measured and compared for eight healthy volunteers. The FENOgrams appear to differ qualitatively between individuals and the hope is that the dynamic information encoded in these FENOgrams will provide valuable additional insight into the location of the inflammation in the airways and potentially predict a response to therapy. A validation of the measurements at low-time resolution is provided by checking that results from previous studies that used a two-compartment model of NO production can be reproduced using our technology. |
Author | Peverall, Rob Richmond, Graham Petralia, Lorenzo S Couper, John H Ritchie, Grant A D Bahl, Anisha Hancock, Gus Robbins, Peter A |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Lorenzo S orcidid: 0000-0002-9259-3231 surname: Petralia fullname: Petralia, Lorenzo S organization: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford Department of Chemistry, Oxford, United Kingdom – sequence: 2 givenname: Anisha surname: Bahl fullname: Bahl, Anisha organization: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford Department of Chemistry, Oxford, United Kingdom – sequence: 3 givenname: Rob orcidid: 0000-0003-2326-2495 surname: Peverall fullname: Peverall, Rob organization: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford Department of Chemistry, Oxford, United Kingdom – sequence: 4 givenname: Graham orcidid: 0000-0003-2999-5067 surname: Richmond fullname: Richmond, Graham organization: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford Department of Chemistry, Oxford, United Kingdom – sequence: 5 givenname: John H surname: Couper fullname: Couper, John H organization: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford Department of Chemistry, Oxford, United Kingdom – sequence: 6 givenname: Gus surname: Hancock fullname: Hancock, Gus organization: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford Department of Chemistry, Oxford, United Kingdom – sequence: 7 givenname: Peter A orcidid: 0000-0002-4975-0609 surname: Robbins fullname: Robbins, Peter A organization: University of Oxford Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom – sequence: 8 givenname: Grant A D orcidid: 0000-0003-1663-7770 surname: Ritchie fullname: Ritchie, Grant A D email: grant.ritchie@chem.ox.ac.uk organization: Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed |
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SubjectTerms | Airway management asthma Biomarkers CEAS laser spectroscopy Nitric oxide Spectrum analysis two-compartment model |
Title | Accurate real-time FENO expirograms using complementary optical sensors |
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