Radiation and Particle Detectors

• Main Authors: Bertolucci, S, Bottigli, U, Oliva, P
• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: London Sage Publications Ltd 2010
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: Nuclear counters; Particles (Nuclear physics); Radiation-Measurement
• ISBN: 9781607506300; 1607506300

High energy physics (HEP) has a crucial role in the context of fundamental physics. HEP experiments make use of a massive array of sophisticated detectors to analyze the particles produced in high-energy scattering events. This book contains the papers from the workshop 'Radiation and Particle...

Table of Contents:

• Title page -- Preface -- Indice -- Gruppo fotografico dei partecipanti al Corso -- Detectors for medical physics -- Detectors for hadrontherapy -- Introduction -- Irradiation configuration -- Absolute dose determination: beam calibration -- Depth dose distribution -- Lateral dose distribution -- Detectors for relative dosimetry -- Depth dose reference detectors -- Reference detectors for transversal dose -- Relative detectors -- Natural and CVD diamond -- Termoluminescence detectors (TLD) -- MOSFET dosimetry -- MOPI -- Conclusions -- Detection setups in applications of accelerator-based techniques to the analysis of Cultural Heritage -- Introduction: Why Science for Cultural Heritage? -- Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) -- Quantitative PIXE -- PIXE external beam setups -- External scanning microbeams -- Measurement of beam current -- Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) -- The art of calorimetry -- Introduction -- The physics of shower development -- Electromagnetic showers -- Hadronic showers -- Lessons for calorimetry -- The calorimeter response function -- Absolute response and response ratios -- Compensation -- Fluctuations -- The shape of the response function -- Lessons for calorimeter design -- The future of calorimetry -- The energy flow method -- Off-line compensation -- Dual-readout calorimetry -- The DREAM project -- Measurement of the neutron fraction -- Dual-readout with crystals -- Lead tungstate crystals -- Doped PbWO4 crystals -- BGO crystals -- Combined calorimetry -- Outlook -- The CMS detector -- Introduction -- The CMS detector -- Precise mapping of the central CMS magnetic field using probes -- Precise mapping of the CMS magnetic field in the yoke using cosmic muons -- Other commissioning results with cosmic muons from CRAFT -- First CMS physics measurement with cosmic muons -- Observation of the first beam-induced muons
• Prospects for first physics with collisions -- Summary and conclusion -- A gravitational wave detector: The Virgo interferometer -- Gravitational waves (GWs) -- First evidence -- Sources of gravitational waves -- Compact binaries -- Supernovae -- Pulsar -- Stochastic background -- Using gravitational waves to study the universe -- The Virgo experiment -- The Virgo project -- Gravitational-waves strength and polarization -- The Michelson interferometer -- Sensitivity requirement -- Ground vibrations -- Superattenuator -- The laser -- The amplifier and Pre-Mode Cleaner -- Electro-optic modulators -- Beam geometry fluctuations -- Input Mode Cleaner cavity -- Frequency noise -- The Faraday isolator -- Residual gas -- The mirrors -- The coatings -- Thermal noise -- Thermal lensing compensation -- Shot noise -- Optical scheme -- Controls -- Other gravitational waves detectors -- Resonant-mass detectors -- The LIGO detectors -- The GEO detector -- Space interferometers -- Pulsar timing -- Performances of gravitational waves detectors -- Resonant-mass detectors -- Horizon -- Duty cycle -- Future challenges -- Future of ground-based interferometers -- Advanced Virgo -- Some limitations -- Future beams -- Quantum noise -- Gravity gradient noise -- Einstein Telescope -- Conclusion -- Underwater/ice high-energy neutrino telescopes -- The Cosmic-Ray spectrum -- The high-energy gamma-neutrino connection -- High-energy neutrino detection -- Underwater/ice Cerenkov technique -- Sources of background -- Status of neutrino telescope projects -- Baikal -- AMANDA -- IceCube -- NESTOR -- ANTARES -- NEMO -- KM3NeT: towards a km3 scale detector in the Mediterranean Sea -- Ultra High Energy neutrino detection -- The thermo-acoustic technique -- Conclusions -- Elenco dei partecipanti