On-Ground Calibration and Characterization

• Published in: Hyperspectral Satellites and System Design Vol. 1; pp. 497 - 528
• Main Author: Qian, Shen-En
• Format: Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: United Kingdom CRC Press 2020; Taylor & Francis Group
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: MODIS Spectral Band; Hyperspectral Instrument; Onboard Calibration; Relative Radiometric Calibration; Relative Calibration; Hyperspectral Sensors; Radiometric Calibration; Mirror Substrates; Meris Instrument; Vicarious Calibration; Spectral Calibration; Hyperspectral Imager; Stray Light; Polarization Sensitivity; Spectral Radiance; Prelaunch Calibration; Absorption Lines; Absolute Radiometric Calibration; Geo; Color Glass Filters; Geostationary Earth Orbit; Spectral Linearity; Spaceborne Hyperspectral Sensors; VNIR Region; MTF
• ISBN: 9780367217907; 0367217902
• DOI: 10.1201/9780429266201-12

The calibration and characterization of spaceborne hyperspectral sensors is a critical prerequisite for creating high-quality scientific data and for operational usages. On-ground calibration methods encompass a vast array of careful instrument characterizations in a laboratory and occasionally outdoors prior to launch. This chapter begins with description of the rationale of on-ground calibration and characterization. It then describes eleven types of calibrations and characterizations from radiometric, spectral, geometric to stray light. It analyses the spectral and spatial error sources of a hyperspectral instrument from such sources as thermal drifts, radiation, contamination, and micrometeorite damage. It examines the requirements of spectral calibration, including spectral linearity, and temperature sensitivity, by simulating spectral calibration and providing an example of scene-based spectral calibration. It discusses the considerations of ground-based absolute calibration and describes a prelaunch calibration subsystem of a well-known hyperspectral instrument. Finally, it describes principle of absolute and relative radiometric calibration.