Submarine record of volcanic island construction and collapse in the Lesser Antilles arc: First scientific drilling of submarine volcanic island landslides by IODPExpedition 340
IODP Expedition 340 successfully drilled a series of sites offshore Montserrat, Martinique and Dominica in the Lesser Antilles from March to April 2012. These are among the few drill sites gathered around volcanic islands, and the first scientific drilling of large and likely tsunamigenic volcanic i...
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Published in | Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G3 Vol. 16; no. 2; pp. 420 - 442 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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AGU and the Geochemical Society
01.02.2015
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Abstract | IODP Expedition 340 successfully drilled a series of sites offshore Montserrat, Martinique and Dominica in the Lesser Antilles from March to April 2012. These are among the few drill sites gathered around volcanic islands, and the first scientific drilling of large and likely tsunamigenic volcanic island-arc landslide deposits. These cores provide evidence and tests of previous hypotheses for the composition and origin of those deposits. Sites U1394, U1399, and U1400 that penetrated landslide deposits recovered exclusively seafloor sediment, comprising mainly turbidites and hemipelagic deposits, and lacked debris avalanche deposits. This supports the concepts that i/ volcanic debris avalanches tend to stop at the slope break, and ii/ widespread and voluminous failures of preexisting low-gradient seafloor sediment can be triggered by initial emplacement of material from the volcano. Offshore Martinique (U1399 and 1400), the landslide deposits comprised blocks of parallel strata that were tilted or microfaulted, sometimes separated by intervals of homogenized sediment (intense shearing), while Site U1394 offshore Montserrat penetrated a flat-lying block of intact strata. The most likely mechanism for generating these large-scale seafloor sediment failures appears to be propagation of a decollement from proximal areas loaded and incised by a volcanic debris avalanche. These results have implications for the magnitude of tsunami generation. Under some conditions, volcanic island landslide deposits composed of mainly seafloor sediment will tend to form smaller magnitude tsunamis than equivalent volumes of subaerial block-rich mass flows rapidly entering water. Expedition 340 also successfully drilled sites to access the undisturbed record of eruption fallout layers intercalated with marine sediment which provide an outstanding high-resolution data set to analyzeeruption and landslides cycles, improve understanding of magmatic evolution as well as offshore sedimentation processes. |
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AbstractList | IODP Expedition 340 successfully drilled a series of sites offshore Montserrat, Martinique and Dominica in the Lesser Antilles from March to April 2012. These are among the few drill sites gathered around volcanic islands, and the first scientific drilling of large and likely tsunamigenic volcanic island-arc landslide deposits. These cores provide evidence and tests of previous hypotheses for the composition and origin of those deposits. Sites U1394, U1399, and U1400 that penetrated landslide deposits recovered exclusively seafloor sediment, comprising mainly turbidites and hemipelagic deposits, and lacked debris avalanche deposits. This supports the concepts that i/ volcanic debris avalanches tend to stop at the slope break, and ii/ widespread and voluminous failures of preexisting low-gradient seafloor sediment can be triggered by initial emplacement of material from the volcano. Offshore Martinique (U1399 and 1400), the landslide deposits comprised blocks of parallel strata that were tilted or microfaulted, sometimes separated by intervals of homogenized sediment (intense shearing), while Site U1394 offshore Montserrat penetrated a flat-lying block of intact strata. The most likely mechanism for generating these large-scale seafloor sediment failures appears to be propagation of a decollement from proximal areas loaded and incised by a volcanic debris avalanche. These results have implications for the magnitude of tsunami generation. Under some conditions, volcanic island landslide deposits composed of mainly seafloor sediment will tend to form smaller magnitude tsunamis than equivalent volumes of subaerial block-rich mass flows rapidly entering water. Expedition 340 also successfully drilled sites to access the undisturbed record of eruption fallout layers intercalated with marine sediment which provide an outstanding high-resolution data set to analyzeeruption and landslides cycles, improve understanding of magmatic evolution as well as offshore sedimentation processes. |
Author | Endo, D. Lafuerza, S. Wall-Palmer, D. Ishizuka, S S Kataoka, K. S Subramanyam, K. S. V. Slagle, A. Wang, F. Manga, M. Villemant, B. Deplus, C. Palmer, M. R. Morgan, S S Hornbach, M. Jutzeler, M. Le Friant, A. Feuillet, N. Saito, T. Tamura, Y. Hart, M. B. Trofimovs, J. Sparks, S. Hatfield, R. G. Stroncik, N. Coussens, S S Fujinawa, A. Lebas, E. Watt, S F L Adachi, T. Voight, B. Breitkreuz, C Boudon, G Maeno, F. Martinez-Colon, M. Stinton, A. Komorowski, J.-C. Fraas, A. J. Aljahdali, M. Mccanta, M. Brunet, M. Caron, B. Talling, P. J. |
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J. organization: National Oceanography Center – sequence: 6 givenname: B. surname: Villemant fullname: Villemant, B. organization: Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris – sequence: 7 givenname: T. surname: Adachi fullname: Adachi, T. organization: Graduate School of Science and Engineering [Yamagata] – sequence: 8 givenname: C surname: Breitkreuz fullname: Breitkreuz, C organization: Department of Palaeontology - Institute for Geology – sequence: 9 givenname: M. surname: Aljahdali fullname: Aljahdali, M. organization: Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science [Tallahassee] – sequence: 10 givenname: M. orcidid: 0000-0003-1818-5237 surname: Brunet fullname: Brunet, M. organization: Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris – sequence: 11 givenname: B. surname: Caron fullname: Caron, B. organization: Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris – sequence: 12 givenname: S surname: Coussens middlename: S fullname: Coussens, S S organization: National Oceanography Center – sequence: 13 givenname: C. surname: Deplus fullname: Deplus, C. organization: Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris – sequence: 14 givenname: D. surname: Endo fullname: Endo, D. organization: Earth Evolution Sciences Department [Tsukuba] – sequence: 15 givenname: N. orcidid: 0000-0001-6497-817X surname: Feuillet fullname: Feuillet, N. organization: Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris – sequence: 16 givenname: A. surname: Fraas middlename: J. fullname: Fraas, A. J. organization: Department of Geosciences – sequence: 17 givenname: R. surname: Hatfield middlename: G. fullname: Hatfield, R. G. organization: College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] – sequence: 18 givenname: A. surname: Fujinawa fullname: Fujinawa, A. organization: Department of Environmental Sciences – sequence: 19 givenname: M. surname: Hart middlename: B. fullname: Hart, M. B. organization: Centre for Research in Earth Sciences [Plymouth] – sequence: 20 givenname: M. surname: Hornbach fullname: Hornbach, M. organization: Huffington Department of Earth Sciences [SMU Dallas] – sequence: 21 givenname: M. surname: Jutzeler fullname: Jutzeler, M. organization: National Oceanography Center – sequence: 22 givenname: K. surname: Kataoka middlename: S fullname: Kataoka, K. S organization: Research Institute for Natural Hazards and Disaster Recovery [Niigata] – sequence: 23 givenname: J.-C. orcidid: 0000-0002-6874-786X surname: Komorowski fullname: Komorowski, J.-C. organization: Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris – sequence: 24 givenname: E. surname: Lebas fullname: Lebas, E. organization: Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris – sequence: 25 givenname: S. surname: Lafuerza fullname: Lafuerza, S. organization: Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris – sequence: 26 givenname: F. surname: Maeno fullname: Maeno, F. organization: Earthquake Research Institute – sequence: 27 givenname: M. surname: Manga fullname: Manga, M. organization: Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] – sequence: 28 givenname: M. surname: Martinez-Colon fullname: Martinez-Colon, M. organization: College of Marine Science [St Petersburg, FL] – sequence: 29 givenname: M. surname: Mccanta fullname: Mccanta, M. organization: Geology Department – sequence: 30 givenname: S surname: Morgan middlename: S fullname: Morgan, S S organization: Department of Geology [Leicester] – sequence: 31 givenname: T. orcidid: 0000-0001-6201-3761 surname: Saito fullname: Saito, T. organization: International Researchers Empowerment Center – sequence: 32 givenname: A. surname: Slagle fullname: Slagle, A. organization: Borehole Research Group – sequence: 33 givenname: S. surname: Sparks fullname: Sparks, S. organization: School of Earth Sciences [Bristol] – sequence: 34 givenname: A. surname: Stinton fullname: Stinton, A. organization: Montserrat Volcano Observatory – sequence: 35 givenname: N. surname: Stroncik fullname: Stroncik, N. organization: Institut für Erd‐ und Umweltwissenschaften – sequence: 36 givenname: K. surname: Subramanyam middlename: S. V. fullname: Subramanyam, K. S. V. organization: Geochemistry Division – sequence: 37 givenname: Y. surname: Tamura fullname: Tamura, Y. organization: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology – sequence: 38 givenname: J. surname: Trofimovs fullname: Trofimovs, J. organization: Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] – sequence: 39 givenname: B. surname: Voight fullname: Voight, B. organization: Department of Geosciences – sequence: 40 givenname: D. surname: Wall-Palmer fullname: Wall-Palmer, D. organization: School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] – sequence: 41 givenname: F. orcidid: 0000-0002-4684-3121 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, F. organization: Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] – sequence: 42 givenname: S surname: Watt middlename: F L fullname: Watt, S F L organization: School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Birmingham] |
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Snippet | IODP Expedition 340 successfully drilled a series of sites offshore Montserrat, Martinique and Dominica in the Lesser Antilles from March to April 2012. These... |
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Title | Submarine record of volcanic island construction and collapse in the Lesser Antilles arc: First scientific drilling of submarine volcanic island landslides by IODPExpedition 340 |
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