Design and experiment of an adaptive height adjustment system for soybean harvester header : Projeto e experimento de sistema de ajuste de altura adaptativo para cabecote de colheitadeira de soja
The objective of this study was to design an adaptive header height control system through soybean pod height analysis in saline-alkali soils, ensuring consistent stubble height for optimal harvesting quality. The system includes a mechanical profiling device, angle sensors, a programmable logic con...
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Published in | Revista brasileira de engenharia agrícola e ambiental Vol. 29; no. 10; p. 1 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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ATECEL--Associacao Tecnico Cientifica Ernesto Luiz de Oliveira Junior
01.10.2025
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Abstract | The objective of this study was to design an adaptive header height control system through soybean pod height analysis in saline-alkali soils, ensuring consistent stubble height for optimal harvesting quality. The system includes a mechanical profiling device, angle sensors, a programmable logic controller (PLC) control unit, solenoid valves, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, and a human-machine interface. The profiling device, comprising a parallelogram mechanism and a height detection unit, establishes a functional relationship between the rotation angle of the soil-contact component, header height, and hydraulic cylinder extension, clarifying its working principle. A multi-body dynamic - discrete element method (MBD-DEM) model simulated the profiling device's performance in saline-alkali soils and guided its optimization. A mathematical model of the adaptive height control system was developed with a fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative controller to enhance precision. Field tests, using header speed and stubble height as variables, showed the average stubble height deviation was under 4 mm, the coefficient of variation below 0.08, and control error within 10 mm. These results confirm the system's high precision and ability to maintain consistent stubble height in saline-alkali soybean harvesting, offering strong support for further development of adaptive height control technologies for headers. Key words: MBD-DEM, height detection, fuzzy-PID Este estudo teve como objetivo projetar um sistema adaptativo para controle da altura do cabecote, por meio da analise da altura das vagens de soja em solos salino-alcalinos, garantindo um tolete consistente e uma colheita de qualidade. O sistema integra um dispositivo mecanico de perfilamento, sensores de angulo, unidade de controle programmable logic controller (PLC), valvulas solenoides, cilindro hidraulico de dupla acao e interface homem-maquina. O dispositivo, composto por um mecanismo de paralelogramo e uma unidade de deteccao de altura, estabelece a relacao entre o angulo de rotacao do componente de contato com o solo, a altura do cabecote e a extensao do cilindro, elucidando seu funcionamento. Um modelo multi-body dynamic - discrete element method (MBD-DEM) simulou o desempenho do dispositivo em solos salinos e alcalinos, orientando sua otimizacao. Alem disso, desenvolveu-se um modelo matematico do sistema com um controlador fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID) para aprimorar a precisao. Testes de campo, considerando a velocidade do cabecote e a altura dos restolhos, demonstraram que o desvio medio foi inferior a 4 mm, o coeficiente de variacao permaneceu abaixo de 0,08 e o erro de controle, dentro de 10 mm. Esses resultados evidenciam a alta precisao do sistema e sua capacidade de manter uma altura consistente dos restolhos na colheita da soja, reforcando o potencial para o desenvolvimento futuro de tecnologias adaptativas de controle de altura para cabecotes. Palavras-chave: MBD-DEM, deteccao de altura, PID fuzzy |
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AbstractList | The objective of this study was to design an adaptive header height control system through soybean pod height analysis in saline-alkali soils, ensuring consistent stubble height for optimal harvesting quality. The system includes a mechanical profiling device, angle sensors, a programmable logic controller (PLC) control unit, solenoid valves, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, and a human-machine interface. The profiling device, comprising a parallelogram mechanism and a height detection unit, establishes a functional relationship between the rotation angle of the soil-contact component, header height, and hydraulic cylinder extension, clarifying its working principle. A multi-body dynamic - discrete element method (MBD-DEM) model simulated the profiling device's performance in saline-alkali soils and guided its optimization. A mathematical model of the adaptive height control system was developed with a fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative controller to enhance precision. Field tests, using header speed and stubble height as variables, showed the average stubble height deviation was under 4 mm, the coefficient of variation below 0.08, and control error within 10 mm. These results confirm the system's high precision and ability to maintain consistent stubble height in saline-alkali soybean harvesting, offering strong support for further development of adaptive height control technologies for headers. The objective of this study was to design an adaptive header height control system through soybean pod height analysis in saline-alkali soils, ensuring consistent stubble height for optimal harvesting quality. The system includes a mechanical profiling device, angle sensors, a programmable logic controller (PLC) control unit, solenoid valves, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, and a human-machine interface. The profiling device, comprising a parallelogram mechanism and a height detection unit, establishes a functional relationship between the rotation angle of the soil-contact component, header height, and hydraulic cylinder extension, clarifying its working principle. A multi-body dynamic - discrete element method (MBD-DEM) model simulated the profiling device's performance in saline-alkali soils and guided its optimization. A mathematical model of the adaptive height control system was developed with a fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative controller to enhance precision. Field tests, using header speed and stubble height as variables, showed the average stubble height deviation was under 4 mm, the coefficient of variation below 0.08, and control error within 10 mm. These results confirm the system's high precision and ability to maintain consistent stubble height in saline-alkali soybean harvesting, offering strong support for further development of adaptive height control technologies for headers. Key words: MBD-DEM, height detection, fuzzy-PID Este estudo teve como objetivo projetar um sistema adaptativo para controle da altura do cabecote, por meio da analise da altura das vagens de soja em solos salino-alcalinos, garantindo um tolete consistente e uma colheita de qualidade. O sistema integra um dispositivo mecanico de perfilamento, sensores de angulo, unidade de controle programmable logic controller (PLC), valvulas solenoides, cilindro hidraulico de dupla acao e interface homem-maquina. O dispositivo, composto por um mecanismo de paralelogramo e uma unidade de deteccao de altura, estabelece a relacao entre o angulo de rotacao do componente de contato com o solo, a altura do cabecote e a extensao do cilindro, elucidando seu funcionamento. Um modelo multi-body dynamic - discrete element method (MBD-DEM) simulou o desempenho do dispositivo em solos salinos e alcalinos, orientando sua otimizacao. Alem disso, desenvolveu-se um modelo matematico do sistema com um controlador fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID) para aprimorar a precisao. Testes de campo, considerando a velocidade do cabecote e a altura dos restolhos, demonstraram que o desvio medio foi inferior a 4 mm, o coeficiente de variacao permaneceu abaixo de 0,08 e o erro de controle, dentro de 10 mm. Esses resultados evidenciam a alta precisao do sistema e sua capacidade de manter uma altura consistente dos restolhos na colheita da soja, reforcando o potencial para o desenvolvimento futuro de tecnologias adaptativas de controle de altura para cabecotes. Palavras-chave: MBD-DEM, deteccao de altura, PID fuzzy |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Li, Mengzhu Wang, Dongwei Wang, Ruzheng Zhu, Zhenfei Shang, Shuqi He, Xiaoning Yang, Ziao |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: He, Xiaoning – sequence: 2 fullname: Yang, Ziao – sequence: 3 fullname: Shang, Shuqi – sequence: 4 fullname: Wang, Ruzheng – sequence: 5 fullname: Li, Mengzhu – sequence: 6 fullname: Wang, Dongwei – sequence: 7 fullname: Zhu, Zhenfei |
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SubjectTerms | Control systems Harvesting Sensors Soybean Valves |
Title | Design and experiment of an adaptive height adjustment system for soybean harvester header : Projeto e experimento de sistema de ajuste de altura adaptativo para cabecote de colheitadeira de soja |
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