Gene response of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to an acute aerobic run in rats
Genes can be activated or inhibited by signals within the tissues in response to an acute bout of exercise. It is unclear how a particular aerobic exercise bout may influence two muscles with similar actions to the activity. Therefore, the purposes of this investigation was to determine the gene res...
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| Published in | Journal of sports science & medicine Vol. 10; no. 2; pp. 385 - 392 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Turkey
Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
01.06.2011
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1303-2968 1303-2968 |
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| Abstract | Genes can be activated or inhibited by signals within the tissues in response to an acute bout of exercise. It is unclear how a particular aerobic exercise bout may influence two muscles with similar actions to the activity. Therefore, the purposes of this investigation was to determine the gene response of selected genes involved in the "stress" response of the gastrocnemius (fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles to a single two hour aerobic exercise bout in female Sprague-Dawley Rats at the 1 hour time point after the exercise. Exercised rats were run (n=8) for 2 hours at 20 m.min(-1) and one hour after the completion of the bout had their soleus (S) and gastrocnemius (G) muscles removed. Age and timed matched sedentary control rats had both S and G muscles removed also. RNA was isolated from all muscles. Real-time PCR analysis was performed on the following genes: NFκB, TNFα, and Atf3. GAPDH was used as the housekeeping gene for both muscles. S muscle showed more genes altered (n = 52) vs G (n = 26). NFκB gene expression was 0.83 ± 0.14 in the exercised S but was + 1.36 ± 0.58 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. TNFα was altered 1.30 ± 0. 34 in the exercised S and 1.36 ± 0.71 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. The gene Atf3 was significantly altered at 4.97 ± 1.01 in the exercised S, while it was not significantly altered in the exercised G (0.70 ± 0.55). This study demonstrates that an acute bout of aerobic exercise can alter gene expression to a different extent in both the S and G muscles. It is highly likely that muscle recruitment was a factor which influenced the gene expression in theses muscles. It is interesting to note that some genes were similarly activated in these two muscles but other genes may demonstrate a varied response to the same exercise bout depending on the type of muscle. Key pointsThe soleus (primarily slow twitch) and the gastrocnemius (primarily fast type) do not respond the same to a given exercise bout.There are gene transcription differences in stress genes between the 2 muscles.The results of exercise studies should be carefully viewed as the muscle used in measurements may not provide an adequate representation of all skeletal muscles. |
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| AbstractList | Genes can be activated or inhibited by signals within the tissues in response to an acute bout of exercise. It is unclear how a particular aerobic exercise bout may influence two muscles with similar actions to the activity. Therefore, the purposes of this investigation was to determine the gene response of selected genes involved in the "stress" response of the gastrocnemius (fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles to a single two hour aerobic exercise bout in female Sprague-Dawley Rats at the 1 hour time point after the exercise. Exercised rats were run (n=8) for 2 hours at 20 mmin-1 and one hour after the completion of the bout had their soleus (S) and gastrocnemius (G) muscles removed. Age and timed matched sedentary control rats had both S and G muscles removed also. RNA was isolated from all muscles. Real-time PCR analysis was performed on the following genes: NF[kappa]B, TNF[alpha], and Atf3. GAPDH was used as the housekeeping gene for both muscles. S muscle showed more genes altered (n = 52) vs G (n = 26). NF[kappa]B gene expression was 0.83 [+ or -] 0.14 in the exercised S but was + 1.36 [+ or -] 0.58 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. TNF[alpha] was altered 1.30 [+ or -] 0.34 in the exercised S and 1.36 [+ or -] 0.71 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. The gene Atf3 was significantly altered at 4.97 [+ or -] 1.01 in the exercised S, while it was not significantly altered in the exercised G (0.70 [+ or -] 0.55). This study demonstrates that an acute bout of aerobic exercise can alter gene expression to a different extent in both the S and G muscles. It is highly likely that muscle recruitment was a factor which influenced the gene expression in theses muscles. It is interesting to note that some genes were similarly activated in these two muscles but other genes may demonstrate a varied response to the same exercise bout depending on the type of muscle. Key words: Aerobic exercise, skeletal muscle, gene response. Genes can be activated or inhibited by signals within the tissues in response to an acute bout of exercise. It is unclear how a particular aerobic exercise bout may influence two muscles with similar actions to the activity. Therefore, the purposes of this investigation was to determine the gene response of selected genes involved in the "stress" response of the gastrocnemius (fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles to a single two hour aerobic exercise bout in female Sprague-Dawley Rats at the 1 hour time point after the exercise. Exercised rats were run (n=8) for 2 hours at 20 m.min(-1) and one hour after the completion of the bout had their soleus (S) and gastrocnemius (G) muscles removed. Age and timed matched sedentary control rats had both S and G muscles removed also. RNA was isolated from all muscles. Real-time PCR analysis was performed on the following genes: NFκB, TNFα, and Atf3. GAPDH was used as the housekeeping gene for both muscles. S muscle showed more genes altered (n = 52) vs G (n = 26). NFκB gene expression was 0.83 ± 0.14 in the exercised S but was + 1.36 ± 0.58 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. TNFα was altered 1.30 ± 0. 34 in the exercised S and 1.36 ± 0.71 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. The gene Atf3 was significantly altered at 4.97 ± 1.01 in the exercised S, while it was not significantly altered in the exercised G (0.70 ± 0.55). This study demonstrates that an acute bout of aerobic exercise can alter gene expression to a different extent in both the S and G muscles. It is highly likely that muscle recruitment was a factor which influenced the gene expression in theses muscles. It is interesting to note that some genes were similarly activated in these two muscles but other genes may demonstrate a varied response to the same exercise bout depending on the type of muscle. Key pointsThe soleus (primarily slow twitch) and the gastrocnemius (primarily fast type) do not respond the same to a given exercise bout.There are gene transcription differences in stress genes between the 2 muscles.The results of exercise studies should be carefully viewed as the muscle used in measurements may not provide an adequate representation of all skeletal muscles.Genes can be activated or inhibited by signals within the tissues in response to an acute bout of exercise. It is unclear how a particular aerobic exercise bout may influence two muscles with similar actions to the activity. Therefore, the purposes of this investigation was to determine the gene response of selected genes involved in the "stress" response of the gastrocnemius (fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles to a single two hour aerobic exercise bout in female Sprague-Dawley Rats at the 1 hour time point after the exercise. Exercised rats were run (n=8) for 2 hours at 20 m.min(-1) and one hour after the completion of the bout had their soleus (S) and gastrocnemius (G) muscles removed. Age and timed matched sedentary control rats had both S and G muscles removed also. RNA was isolated from all muscles. Real-time PCR analysis was performed on the following genes: NFκB, TNFα, and Atf3. GAPDH was used as the housekeeping gene for both muscles. S muscle showed more genes altered (n = 52) vs G (n = 26). NFκB gene expression was 0.83 ± 0.14 in the exercised S but was + 1.36 ± 0.58 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. TNFα was altered 1.30 ± 0. 34 in the exercised S and 1.36 ± 0.71 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. The gene Atf3 was significantly altered at 4.97 ± 1.01 in the exercised S, while it was not significantly altered in the exercised G (0.70 ± 0.55). This study demonstrates that an acute bout of aerobic exercise can alter gene expression to a different extent in both the S and G muscles. It is highly likely that muscle recruitment was a factor which influenced the gene expression in theses muscles. It is interesting to note that some genes were similarly activated in these two muscles but other genes may demonstrate a varied response to the same exercise bout depending on the type of muscle. Key pointsThe soleus (primarily slow twitch) and the gastrocnemius (primarily fast type) do not respond the same to a given exercise bout.There are gene transcription differences in stress genes between the 2 muscles.The results of exercise studies should be carefully viewed as the muscle used in measurements may not provide an adequate representation of all skeletal muscles. Genes can be activated or inhibited by signals within the tissues in response to an acute bout of exercise. It is unclear how a particular aerobic exercise bout may influence two muscles with similar actions to the activity. Therefore, the purposes of this investigation was to determine the gene response of selected genes involved in the "stress" response of the gastrocnemius (fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles to a single two hour aerobic exercise bout in female Sprague-Dawley Rats at the 1 hour time point after the exercise. Exercised rats were run (n=8) for 2 hours at 20 mmin-1 and one hour after the completion of the bout had their soleus (S) and gastrocnemius (G) muscles removed. Age and timed matched sedentary control rats had both S and G muscles removed also. RNA was isolated from all muscles. Real-time PCR analysis was performed on the following genes: NF[kappa]B, TNF[alpha], and Atf3. GAPDH was used as the housekeeping gene for both muscles. S muscle showed more genes altered (n = 52) vs G (n = 26). NF[kappa]B gene expression was 0.83 [+ or -] 0.14 in the exercised S but was + 1.36 [+ or -] 0.58 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. TNF[alpha] was altered 1.30 [+ or -] 0.34 in the exercised S and 1.36 [+ or -] 0.71 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. The gene Atf3 was significantly altered at 4.97 [+ or -] 1.01 in the exercised S, while it was not significantly altered in the exercised G (0.70 [+ or -] 0.55). This study demonstrates that an acute bout of aerobic exercise can alter gene expression to a different extent in both the S and G muscles. It is highly likely that muscle recruitment was a factor which influenced the gene expression in theses muscles. It is interesting to note that some genes were similarly activated in these two muscles but other genes may demonstrate a varied response to the same exercise bout depending on the type of muscle. Genes can be activated or inhibited by signals within the tissues in response to an acute bout of exercise. It is unclear how a particular aerobic exercise bout may influence two muscles with similar actions to the activity. Therefore, the purposes of this investigation was to determine the gene response of selected genes involved in the “stress” response of the gastrocnemius (fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles to a single two hour aerobic exercise bout in female Sprague-Dawley Rats at the 1 hour time point after the exercise. Exercised rats were run (n=8) for 2 hours at 20 m.min -1 and one hour after the completion of the bout had their soleus (S) and gastrocnemius (G) muscles removed. Age and timed matched sedentary control rats had both S and G muscles removed also. RNA was isolated from all muscles. Real-time PCR analysis was performed on the following genes: NFκB, TNFα, and Atf3. GAPDH was used as the housekeeping gene for both muscles. S muscle showed more genes altered (n = 52) vs G (n = 26). NFκB gene expression was 0.83 ± 0.14 in the exercised S but was + 1.36 ± 0.58 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. TNFα was altered 1.30 ± 0. 34 in the exercised S and 1.36 ± 0.71 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. The gene Atf3 was significantly altered at 4.97 ± 1.01 in the exercised S, while it was not significantly altered in the exercised G (0.70 ± 0.55). This study demonstrates that an acute bout of aerobic exercise can alter gene expression to a different extent in both the S and G muscles. It is highly likely that muscle recruitment was a factor which influenced the gene expression in theses muscles. It is interesting to note that some genes were similarly activated in these two muscles but other genes may demonstrate a varied response to the same exercise bout depending on the type of muscle. Key points The soleus (primarily slow twitch) and the gastrocnemius (primarily fast type) do not respond the same to a given exercise bout. There are gene transcription differences in stress genes between the 2 muscles. The results of exercise studies should be carefully viewed as the muscle used in measurements may not provide an adequate representation of all skeletal muscles. Genes can be activated or inhibited by signals within the tissues in response to an acute bout of exercise. It is unclear how a particular aerobic exercise bout may influence two muscles with similar actions to the activity. Therefore, the purposes of this investigation was to determine the gene response of selected genes involved in the “stress” response of the gastrocnemius (fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles to a single two hour aerobic exercise bout in female Sprague-Dawley Rats at the 1 hour time point after the exercise. Exercised rats were run (n=8) for 2 hours at 20 m.min-1 and one hour after the completion of the bout had their soleus (S) and gastrocnemius (G) muscles removed. Age and timed matched sedentary control rats had both S and G muscles removed also. RNA was isolated from all muscles. Real-time PCR analysis was performed on the following genes: NFκB, TNFα, and Atf3. GAPDH was used as the housekeeping gene for both muscles. S muscle showed more genes altered (n = 52) vs G (n = 26). NFκB gene expression was 0.83 ± 0.14 in the exercised S but was + 1.36 ± 0.58 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. TNFα was altered 1.30 ± 0. 34 in the exercised S and 1.36 ± 0.71 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. The gene Atf3 was significantly altered at 4.97 ± 1.01 in the exercised S, while it was not significantly altered in the exercised G (0.70 ± 0.55). This study demonstrates that an acute bout of aerobic exercise can alter gene expression to a different extent in both the S and G muscles. It is highly likely that muscle recruitment was a factor which influenced the gene expression in theses muscles. It is interesting to note that some genes were similarly activated in these two muscles but other genes may demonstrate a varied response to the same exercise bout depending on the type of muscle. Genes can be activated or inhibited by signals within the tissues in response to an acute bout of exercise. It is unclear how a particular aerobic exercise bout may influence two muscles with similar actions to the activity. Therefore, the purposes of this investigation was to determine the gene response of selected genes involved in the "stress" response of the gastrocnemius (fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles to a single two hour aerobic exercise bout in female Sprague-Dawley Rats at the 1 hour time point after the exercise. Exercised rats were run (n=8) for 2 hours at 20 m.min super(-1) and one hour after the completion of the bout had their soleus (S) and gastrocnemius (G) muscles removed. Age and timed matched sedentary control rats had both S and G muscles removed also. RNA was isolated from all muscles. Real-time PCR analysis was performed on the following genes: NF Kappa B, TNF alpha , and Atf3. GAPDH was used as the housekeeping gene for both muscles. S muscle showed more genes altered (n = 52) vs G (n = 26). NF Kappa B gene expression was 0.83 plus or minus 0.14 in the exercised S but was + 1.36 plus or minus 0.58 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. TNF alpha was altered 1.30 plus or minus 0.34 in the exercised S and 1.36 plus or minus 0.71 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. The gene Atf3 was significantly altered at 4.97 plus or minus 1.01 in the exercised S, while it was not significantly altered in the exercised G (0.70 plus or minus 0.55). This study demonstrates that an acute bout of aerobic exercise can alter gene expression to a different extent in both the S and G muscles. It is highly likely that muscle recruitment was a factor which influenced the gene expression in theses muscles. It is interesting to note that some genes were similarly activated in these two muscles but other genes may demonstrate a varied response to the same exercise bout depending on the type of muscle. Genes can be activated or inhibited by signals within the tissues in response to an acute bout of exercise. It is unclear how a particular aerobic exercise bout may influence two muscles with similar actions to the activity. Therefore, the purposes of this investigation was to determine the gene response of selected genes involved in the "stress" response of the gastrocnemius (fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles to a single two hour aerobic exercise bout in female Sprague-Dawley Rats at the 1 hour time point after the exercise. Exercised rats were run (n=8) for 2 hours at 20 m.min(-1) and one hour after the completion of the bout had their soleus (S) and gastrocnemius (G) muscles removed. Age and timed matched sedentary control rats had both S and G muscles removed also. RNA was isolated from all muscles. Real-time PCR analysis was performed on the following genes: NFκB, TNFα, and Atf3. GAPDH was used as the housekeeping gene for both muscles. S muscle showed more genes altered (n = 52) vs G (n = 26). NFκB gene expression was 0.83 ± 0.14 in the exercised S but was + 1.36 ± 0.58 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. TNFα was altered 1.30 ± 0. 34 in the exercised S and 1.36 ± 0.71 in the exercised G and was not significantly different between the muscles. The gene Atf3 was significantly altered at 4.97 ± 1.01 in the exercised S, while it was not significantly altered in the exercised G (0.70 ± 0.55). This study demonstrates that an acute bout of aerobic exercise can alter gene expression to a different extent in both the S and G muscles. It is highly likely that muscle recruitment was a factor which influenced the gene expression in theses muscles. It is interesting to note that some genes were similarly activated in these two muscles but other genes may demonstrate a varied response to the same exercise bout depending on the type of muscle. Key pointsThe soleus (primarily slow twitch) and the gastrocnemius (primarily fast type) do not respond the same to a given exercise bout.There are gene transcription differences in stress genes between the 2 muscles.The results of exercise studies should be carefully viewed as the muscle used in measurements may not provide an adequate representation of all skeletal muscles. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | McKenzie, Michael J Kump, David S Goldfarb, Allan H |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina Greensboro , Greensboro, NC, USA 1 Department of Human Performance and Sport Sciences 2 Department of Life Sciences, Winston-Salem State University , Winston-Salem, NC, USA |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24149887$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| References_xml | – reference: 19150855 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 Mar;106(3):959-65 – reference: 20007518 - Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Mar;298(3):R599-607 – reference: 14672962 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004 Apr;96(4):1292-8 – reference: 12935609 - Leg Med (Tokyo). 2003 Mar;5 Suppl 1:S275-7 – reference: 15985525 - FASEB J. 2005 Sep;19(11):1498-500 – reference: 16497841 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006 Jul;101(1):316-21 – reference: 18591188 - J Physiol. 2008 Aug 15;586(16):3979-90 – reference: 6295989 - J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1982 Oct;53(4):844-50 – reference: 19686839 - Free Radic Biol Med. 2009 Nov 15;47(10 ):1394-400 – reference: 20106991 - Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Apr;298(4):R912-7 – reference: 12468452 - FASEB J. 2002 Dec;16(14):1879-86 – reference: 19266390 - Res Sports Med. 2009 Jan-Mar;17(1):17-27 – reference: 17805083 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Sep;39(9):1515-21 – reference: 7061299 - J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1982 Feb;52(2):451-7 – reference: 12533503 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003 May;94(5):1917-25 – reference: 12563009 - J Physiol. 2003 Feb 1;546(Pt 3):851-8 – reference: 12220545 - Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2002 Aug-Oct;13(4-5):299-313 – reference: 15161965 - Physiol Genomics. 2004 Jul 08;18(2):226-31 – reference: 11414667 - Int J Sports Med. 2001 May;22(4):261-7 – reference: 11846609 - Methods. 2001 Dec;25(4):402-8 – reference: 8289613 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 Nov;25(11):1259-64 – reference: 10416560 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Jul;31(7):987-97 – reference: 9533794 - Muscle Nerve. 1998 Apr;21(4):547-9 – reference: 18380005 - IUBMB Life. 2008 Mar;60(3):145-53 – reference: 12039983 - J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002 Jun;13(6):1534-47 – reference: 12525859 - Exp Physiol. 2003 Jan;88(1):99-107 – reference: 19966219 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Dec 15;106(50):21401-6 – reference: 8141392 - Am J Physiol. 1994 Feb;266(2 Pt 2):R375-80 – reference: 15467097 - Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2004 Aug;14(4):377-88 – reference: 18566945 - J Rehabil Res Dev. 2008;45(2):273-81 – reference: 4333578 - Am J Physiol. 1972 Feb;222(2):373-8 – reference: 12902322 - Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Nov;285(5):E1021-7 – reference: 10198299 - Am J Physiol. 1999 Apr;276(4 Pt 1):E642-9 – reference: 16485519 - Can J Appl Physiol. 2005 Dec;30(6):677-89 – reference: 19936205 - PLoS One. 2009 Nov 20;4(11):e7934 – reference: 20602259 - Mol Biol Rep. 2011 Feb;38(2):1163-70 – reference: 1885445 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1991 Jun;70(6):2522-9 – reference: 20605947 - FASEB J. 2010 Nov;24(11):4366-77 – reference: 15911351 - Mol Cell Neurosci. 2005 Jun;29(2):269-82 – reference: 2149884 - Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 1990;116:1-76 – reference: 1835946 - FASEB J. 1991 Dec;5(15):3064-70 – reference: 2006222 - Physiol Rev. 1991 Apr;71(2):541-85 – reference: 17823296 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Nov;103(5):1744-51 – reference: 9887150 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1999 Jan;86(1):350-8 – reference: 15466358 - FASEB J. 2004 Oct;18(13):1499-506 – reference: 19233874 - Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Apr;37(7):2194-203 |
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| Snippet | Genes can be activated or inhibited by signals within the tissues in response to an acute bout of exercise. It is unclear how a particular aerobic exercise... |
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| SubjectTerms | Activating transcription factor 3 Aerobics Analysis Animal subjects Antioxidants Cell cycle Employment Exercise Exercise physiology Gene expression Genes Genetic aspects Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Investigations Kinases Muscles Muscles (activity) Muscles (exercise effects) Musculoskeletal system Oxidative stress Physical fitness Physical training Physiological aspects Physiology Polymerase chain reaction Proteins Recruitment RNA Skeletal muscle Sport science Stress Stress (Physiology) Transcription factors Tumor necrosis factor- alpha |
| Title | Gene response of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to an acute aerobic run in rats |
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