Development of a novel process for the biological conversion of H2S and methanethiol to elemental sulfur
The feasibility of anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanethiol (MT), an extremely volatile and malodorous sulfur compound, was investigated in lab‐scale bioreactors. Inoculum biomass originating from full‐scale anaerobic wastewater treatment facilities was used. Several sludges, tested...
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| Published in | Biotechnology and bioengineering Vol. 82; no. 1; pp. 1 - 11 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
05.04.2003
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| ISSN | 0006-3592 1097-0290 |
| DOI | 10.1002/bit.10533 |
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| Abstract | The feasibility of anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanethiol (MT), an extremely volatile and malodorous sulfur compound, was investigated in lab‐scale bioreactors. Inoculum biomass originating from full‐scale anaerobic wastewater treatment facilities was used. Several sludges, tested for their ability to degrade MT, revealed the presence of organisms capable of metabolizing MT as their sole source of energy. Furthermore, batch tests were executed to gain a better understanding of the inhibition potential of MT. It was found that increasing MT concentrations affected acetotrophic organisms more dramatically than methylotrophic organisms. Continuous reactor experiments, using two lab‐scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors (R1 and R2), aimed to determine the maximal MT load and the effect of elevated sulfide concentrations on MT conversion. Both reactors were operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of about 7 hours, a temperature of 30°C, and a pH of between 7.3 and 7.6. At the highest influent MT concentration applied, 14 mM in R1, corresponding to a volumetric loading rate of about 50 mM MT per day, 87% of the organic sulfur was recovered as hydrogen sulfide (12.2 mM) and the remainder as volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs). Upon decreasing the HRT to 3.5 to 4.0 h at a constant MT loading rate, the sulfide concentration in the reactor decreased to 8 mM and MT conversion efficiency increased to values near 100%. MT conversion was apparently inhibited by the high sulfide concentrations in the reactor. The specific MT degradation rate, as determined after 120 days of operation in R1, was 2.83 ± 0.27 mmol MT g VSS−1 day−1. During biological desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon phases, such as with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), the combined removal of hydrogen sulfide and MT is desired. In R2, the simultaneous addition of sodium sulfide and MT was therefore studied and the effect of elevated sulfide concentrations was investigated. The addition of sodium sulfide resulted in enhanced disintegration of sludge granules, causing significant washout of biomass. Additional acetate, added to stimulate growth of methanogenic bacteria to promote granulation, was hardly converted at the termination of the experimental period. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 82: 1–11, 2003. |
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| AbstractList | The feasibility of anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanethiol (MT), an extremely volatile and malodorous sulfur compound, was investigated in lab‐scale bioreactors. Inoculum biomass originating from full‐scale anaerobic wastewater treatment facilities was used. Several sludges, tested for their ability to degrade MT, revealed the presence of organisms capable of metabolizing MT as their sole source of energy. Furthermore, batch tests were executed to gain a better understanding of the inhibition potential of MT. It was found that increasing MT concentrations affected acetotrophic organisms more dramatically than methylotrophic organisms. Continuous reactor experiments, using two lab‐scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors (R1 and R2), aimed to determine the maximal MT load and the effect of elevated sulfide concentrations on MT conversion. Both reactors were operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of about 7 hours, a temperature of 30°C, and a pH of between 7.3 and 7.6. At the highest influent MT concentration applied, 14 mM in R1, corresponding to a volumetric loading rate of about 50 mM MT per day, 87% of the organic sulfur was recovered as hydrogen sulfide (12.2 mM) and the remainder as volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs). Upon decreasing the HRT to 3.5 to 4.0 h at a constant MT loading rate, the sulfide concentration in the reactor decreased to 8 mM and MT conversion efficiency increased to values near 100%. MT conversion was apparently inhibited by the high sulfide concentrations in the reactor. The specific MT degradation rate, as determined after 120 days of operation in R1, was 2.83 ± 0.27 mmol MT g VSS−1 day−1. During biological desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon phases, such as with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), the combined removal of hydrogen sulfide and MT is desired. In R2, the simultaneous addition of sodium sulfide and MT was therefore studied and the effect of elevated sulfide concentrations was investigated. The addition of sodium sulfide resulted in enhanced disintegration of sludge granules, causing significant washout of biomass. Additional acetate, added to stimulate growth of methanogenic bacteria to promote granulation, was hardly converted at the termination of the experimental period. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 82: 1–11, 2003. The feasibility of anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanethiol (MT), an extremely volatile and malodorous sulfur compound, was investigated in lab-scale bioreactors. Inoculum biomass originating from full-scale anaerobic wastewater treatment facilities was used. Several sludges, tested for their ability to degrade MT, revealed the presence of organisms capable of metabolizing MT as their sole source of energy. Furthermore, batch tests were executed to gain a better understanding of the inhibition potential of MT. It was found that increasing MT concentrations affected acetotrophic organisms more dramatically than methylotrophic organisms. Continuous reactor experiments, using two lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors (R1 and R2), aimed to determine the maximal MT load and the effect of elevated sulfide concentrations on MT conversion. Both reactors were operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of about 7 hours, a temperature of 30 degrees C, and a pH of between 7.3 and 7.6. At the highest influent MT concentration applied, 14 mM in R1, corresponding to a volumetric loading rate of about 50 mM MT per day, 87% of the organic sulfur was recovered as hydrogen sulfide (12.2 mM) and the remainder as volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs). Upon decreasing the HRT to 3.5 to 4.0 h at a constant MT loading rate, the sulfide concentration in the reactor decreased to 8 mM and MT conversion efficiency increased to values near 100%. MT conversion was apparently inhibited by the high sulfide concentrations in the reactor. The specific MT degradation rate, as determined after 120 days of operation in R1, was 2.83 +/- 0.27 mmol MT g VSS(-1) day(-1). During biological desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon phases, such as with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), the combined removal of hydrogen sulfide and MT is desired. In R2, the simultaneous addition of sodium sulfide and MT was therefore studied and the effect of elevated sulfide concentrations was investigated. The addition of sodium sulfide resulted in enhanced disintegration of sludge granules, causing significant washout of biomass. Additional acetate, added to stimulate growth of methanogenic bacteria to promote granulation, was hardly converted at the termination of the experimental period. The feasibility of anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanethiol (MT), an extremely volatile and malodorous sulfur compound, was investigated in lab-scale bioreactors. Inoculum biomass originating from full-scale anaerobic wastewater treatment facilities was used. Several sludges were tested for their ability to degrade MTThe feasibility of anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanethiol (MT), an extremely volatile and malodorous sulfur compound, was investigated in lab-scale bioreactors. Inoculum biomass originating from full-scale anaerobic wastewater treatment facilities was used. Several sludges, tested for their ability to degrade MT, revealed the presence of organisms capable of metabolizing MT as their sole source of energy. Furthermore, batch tests were executed to gain a better understanding of the inhibition potential of MT. It was found that increasing MT concentrations affected acetotrophic organisms more dramatically than methylotrophic organisms. Continuous reactor experiments, using two lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors (R1 and R2), aimed to determine the maximal MT load and the effect of elevated sulfide concentrations on MT conversion. Both reactors were operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of about 7 hours, a temperature of 30degreesC, and a pH of between 7.3 and 7.6. At the highest influent MT concentration applied, 14 mM in R1, corresponding to a volumetric loading rate of about 50 mM MT per day, 87% of the organic sulfur was recovered as hydrogen sulfide (12.2 mM) and the remainder as volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs). Upon decreasing the HRT to 3.5 to 4.0 h at a constant MT loading rate, the sulfide concentration in the reactor decreased to 8 mM and MT conversion efficiency increased to values near 100%. MT conversion was apparently inhibited by the high sulfide concentrations in the reactor. The specific MT degradation rate, as determined after 120 days of operation in R1, was 2.83 +/- 0.27 mmol MT g VSS-1 day(-1). During biological desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon phases, such as with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), the combined removal of hydrogen sulfide and MT is desired. In R2, the simultaneous addition of sodium sulfide and MT was therefore studied and the effect of elevated sulfide concentrations was investigated. The addition of sodium sulfide resulted in enhanced disintegration of sludge granules, causing significant washout of biomass. Additional acetate, added to stimulate growth of methanogenic bacteria to promote granulation, was hardly converted at the termination of the experimental period. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The feasibility of anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanethiol (MT), an extremely volatile and malodorous sulfur compound, was investigated in lab-scale bioreactors. Inoculum biomass originating from full-scale anaerobic wastewater treatment facilities was used. Several sludges, tested for their ability to degrade MT, revealed the presence of organisms capable of metabolizing MT as their sole source of energy. Furthermore, batch tests were executed to gain a better understanding of the inhibition potential of MT. It was found that increasing MT concentrations affected acetotrophic organisms more dramatically than methylotrophic organisms. Continuous reactor experiments, using two lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors (R1 and R2), aimed to determine the maximal MT load and the effect of elevated sulfide concentrations on MT conversion. Both reactors were operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of about 7 hours, a temperature of 30 degrees C, and a pH of between 7.3 and 7.6. At the highest influent MT concentration applied, 14 mM in R1, corresponding to a volumetric loading rate of about 50 mM MT per day, 87% of the organic sulfur was recovered as hydrogen sulfide (12.2 mM) and the remainder as volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs). Upon decreasing the HRT to 3.5 to 4.0 h at a constant MT loading rate, the sulfide concentration in the reactor decreased to 8 mM and MT conversion efficiency increased to values near 100%. MT conversion was apparently inhibited by the high sulfide concentrations in the reactor. The specific MT degradation rate, as determined after 120 days of operation in R1, was 2.83 +/- 0.27 mmol MT g VSS(-1) day(-1). During biological desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon phases, such as with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), the combined removal of hydrogen sulfide and MT is desired. In R2, the simultaneous addition of sodium sulfide and MT was therefore studied and the effect of elevated sulfide concentrations was investigated. The addition of sodium sulfide resulted in enhanced disintegration of sludge granules, causing significant washout of biomass. Additional acetate, added to stimulate growth of methanogenic bacteria to promote granulation, was hardly converted at the termination of the experimental period.The feasibility of anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanethiol (MT), an extremely volatile and malodorous sulfur compound, was investigated in lab-scale bioreactors. Inoculum biomass originating from full-scale anaerobic wastewater treatment facilities was used. Several sludges, tested for their ability to degrade MT, revealed the presence of organisms capable of metabolizing MT as their sole source of energy. Furthermore, batch tests were executed to gain a better understanding of the inhibition potential of MT. It was found that increasing MT concentrations affected acetotrophic organisms more dramatically than methylotrophic organisms. Continuous reactor experiments, using two lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors (R1 and R2), aimed to determine the maximal MT load and the effect of elevated sulfide concentrations on MT conversion. Both reactors were operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of about 7 hours, a temperature of 30 degrees C, and a pH of between 7.3 and 7.6. At the highest influent MT concentration applied, 14 mM in R1, corresponding to a volumetric loading rate of about 50 mM MT per day, 87% of the organic sulfur was recovered as hydrogen sulfide (12.2 mM) and the remainder as volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs). Upon decreasing the HRT to 3.5 to 4.0 h at a constant MT loading rate, the sulfide concentration in the reactor decreased to 8 mM and MT conversion efficiency increased to values near 100%. MT conversion was apparently inhibited by the high sulfide concentrations in the reactor. The specific MT degradation rate, as determined after 120 days of operation in R1, was 2.83 +/- 0.27 mmol MT g VSS(-1) day(-1). During biological desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon phases, such as with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), the combined removal of hydrogen sulfide and MT is desired. In R2, the simultaneous addition of sodium sulfide and MT was therefore studied and the effect of elevated sulfide concentrations was investigated. The addition of sodium sulfide resulted in enhanced disintegration of sludge granules, causing significant washout of biomass. Additional acetate, added to stimulate growth of methanogenic bacteria to promote granulation, was hardly converted at the termination of the experimental period. |
| Author | Sipma, Jan Hulshoff Pol, Look W. Lettinga, Gatze Janssen, Albert J. H. |
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| Keywords | Anaerobiosis Biodegradation Desulfurization Hydrogen Sulfur Thiol Hydrocarbon Methane derivatives hydrocarbon desulfurization Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor anaerobic methanethiol degradation granular sludge Waste water Sulfides Bioreactor Methanogenesis sulfide upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor Mud |
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Nov., a methylotrophic methanogen that requires high concentrations of divalent cations. Int J Syst Bacteriol 44:603-607. 1990; 74 1998; 28 1991; 17 1997; 60 1986; 52 1993; 40 1997; 20 1998b; 27 1988; 38 1988; 10 1994; 44 1978; 35 1992; 53 1996; 31 1990; 40 1989; 55 1986; 20 1995; 47 1992; 157 1997; 36 1985 1964; 30 1983 1998a; 9 1993; 159 1994; 30 1988 |
| References_xml | – reference: Janssen AJH, Sleijster R, van der Kaa C, Jochemsen A, Bontsema J, Lettinga G. 1995. Biological sulphide oxidation in a batch fed reactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 47:327-333. – reference: Colleran E, Pistilli E. 1994. Activity test system for determining the toxicity of xenobiotic chemicals to the methanogenic process. Ann Microbiol Enzymol 44:1-20. – reference: Forster CF. 1991. Anaerobic upflow sludge bed blanket reactors: Aspects of their microbiology and their chemistry. J Biotechnol 17:221-232. – reference: Oude Elferink SJWH, Van Lis R, Heilig HGHJ, Akkermans ADL, Stams AJM. 1998a. Detection and quantification of microorganisms in anaerobic bioreactors. Biodegradation 9:169-177. – reference: Visser A, Beeksma I, Van der Zee F, Stams AJM, Lettinga G. 1993. Anaerobic degradation of volatile fatty acids at different sulphate concentrations. 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Nov., a methylotrophic methanogen that requires high concentrations of divalent cations publication-title: Int J Syst Bacteriol – volume: 74 start-page: 295 year: 1990 end-page: 302 article-title: Formation of methylmercaptan and dimethylsulfide from methoxylated aromatic compounds in anoxic marine and fresh water sediments publication-title: FEMS Microbiol Ecol – volume: 28 start-page: 89 year: 1998 end-page: 117 article-title: Treatment of waste gases contaminated with odorous sulfur compounds publication-title: Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol – start-page: 117 year: 1988 end-page: 120 – volume: 17 start-page: 221 year: 1991 end-page: 232 article-title: Anaerobic upflow sludge bed blanket reactors: Aspects of their microbiology and their chemistry publication-title: J Biotechnol – volume: 40 start-page: 111 year: 1990 end-page: 116 article-title: sp. Nov., a methylotrophic methanogen from an alkaline, saline aquifer publication-title: Int J Syst Bacteriol – volume: 30 start-page: 225 year: 1964 end-page: 238 article-title: Sulphur metabolism in — I. Quantitative measurements on growing cells of publication-title: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (J Microbiol Serol) – volume: 35 start-page: 344 year: 1978 end-page: 352 article-title: Methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide production from the terminal methiol group of methionine by anaerobic lake sediments publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol – volume: 36 start-page: 317 year: 1997 end-page: 324 article-title: Anaerobic treatment of partly acidified wastewater in a two‐stage expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) system at 8°C publication-title: Water Sci Technol – volume: 9 start-page: 169 year: 1998a end-page: 177 article-title: Detection and quantification of microorganisms in anaerobic bioreactors publication-title: Biodegradation – volume: 60 start-page: 147 year: 1997 end-page: 155 article-title: Performance of a sulphide‐oxidizing expanded bed reactor supplied with dissolved oxygen publication-title: Biotechnol Bioeng – volume: 52 start-page: 1037 year: 1986 end-page: 1045 article-title: Metabolism of reduced methylated sulfur compounds in anaerobic sediments and by a pure culture of an estuarine methanogen publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol – volume: 157 start-page: 425 year: 1992 end-page: 430 article-title: Fermentation of methanethiol and dimethylsulfide by a newly isolated methanogenic bacterium publication-title: Arch Microbiol – volume: 38 start-page: 139 year: 1988 end-page: 142 article-title: sp. Nov., an alkalophilic, halophilic, methylotrophic methanogen publication-title: Int J Syst Bacteriol – volume: 44 start-page: 573 year: 1994 end-page: 575 article-title: sp. Nov., a new methylotrophic estuarine methanogen publication-title: Int J Syst Bacteriol – volume: 20 start-page: 229 year: 1997 end-page: 236 article-title: Characterization of biomass from a sulfidogenic, volatile fatty acid degrading granular sludge reactor publication-title: Enz Microb Technol – volume: 10 start-page: 285 year: 1988 end-page: 383 article-title: Use of “specific” inhibitors in biogeochemistry and microbial ecology publication-title: Adv Microbiol Ecol – volume: 55 start-page: 994 year: 1989 end-page: 1002 article-title: Description of an estuarine methylotrophic methanogen which grows on dimethyl sulfide publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol – volume: 27 start-page: 185 year: 1998b end-page: 194 article-title: Characterization of the sulfate‐reducing and syntrophic population in granular sludge from a full‐scale anaerobic reactor treating papermill wastewater publication-title: FEMS Microb Ecol |
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| Snippet | The feasibility of anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanethiol (MT), an extremely volatile and malodorous sulfur compound, was investigated in... |
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| SubjectTerms | afvalwaterbehandeling anaerobic methanethiol degradation anaerobic treatment anaërobe behandeling Bacteria, Anaerobic - metabolism bacterium Biodegradation of pollutants Biodegradation, Environmental Biological and medical sciences bioreactoren bioreactors Bioreactors - microbiology Biotechnology degradation dimethylsulfide Environment and pollution Equipment Design estuarine methanogen Feasibility Studies Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology granular sludge granular sludge reactor hydrocarbon desulfurization Hydrogen Sulfide - metabolism Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects Industrial Waste - prevention & control methanogenesis methanol methylotrophic methanogen Pilot Projects Quality Control reductie reduction rioolafvalwater sediments Sewage - microbiology sewage effluent slib sludges sp-nov Sulfhydryl Compounds - metabolism sulfide sulfur Sulfur - metabolism upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods waste water treatment waste-water Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism Water Pollution, Chemical - prevention & control zwavel |
| Title | Development of a novel process for the biological conversion of H2S and methanethiol to elemental sulfur |
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