Anti-freezing flexible aqueous Zn–MnO2 batteries working at −35 °C enabled by a borax-crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol/glycerol gel electrolyte

• Published in: Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability Vol. 8; no. 14; pp. 6828 - 6841
• Main Authors: Chen, Minfeng, Zhou, Weijun, Wang, Anran, Huang, Aixiang, Chen, Jizhang, Xu, Junling, Ching-Ping, Wong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry 01.01.2020
• Subjects: altitude; Batteries; Borax; cold; Cold weather; cold zones; Crosslinking; Crystals; durability; electrochemical capacitors; Electrolytes; electronics; energy density; Flux density; Freezing; Freezing point; Glycerol; High altitude; Hydrogels; Ice; Ice crystals; Ice formation; Ion currents; Manganese dioxide; Mechanical properties; Melting points; Polyvinyl alcohol; Rechargeable batteries; temperature; Temperature tolerance; Zinc

Flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising to satisfy the emerging wearable electronics. However, conventional hydrogel electrolytes are unable to work at subzero temperatures because they inevitably freeze. In this work, a borax-crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/glycerol gel electr...