Infrared Spectrum of the Si3H8+ Cation: Evidence for a Bridged Isomer with an Asymmetric Three-Center Two-Electron SiHSi Bond
The IR spectrum of Si3H8+ ions produced in a supersonic plasma molecular beam expansion of SiH4, He, and Ar is inferred from photodissociation of cold Si3H8+–Ar complexes. Vibrational analysis of the spectrum is consistent with a Si3H8+ structure (2+) obtained by a barrierless addition reaction of S...
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Published in | Chemistry : a European journal Vol. 19; no. 45; pp. 15315 - 15328 |
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Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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04.11.2013
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Abstract | The IR spectrum of Si3H8+ ions produced in a supersonic plasma molecular beam expansion of SiH4, He, and Ar is inferred from photodissociation of cold Si3H8+–Ar complexes. Vibrational analysis of the spectrum is consistent with a Si3H8+ structure (2+) obtained by a barrierless addition reaction of SiH4 to the disilene ion (H2SiSiH2+) in the silane plasma. In this structure, one of the electronegative H atoms of SiH4 donates electron density into the partially filled electrophilic π orbital of the disilene cation. The resulting asymmetric SiHSi bridge of the 2+ isomer with a bond energy of approximately 60 kJ mol−1 is characteristic for a weak three‐center two‐electron bond, which is identified by its strongly IR active asymmetric SiHSi stretching fundamental at about 1765 cm−1. The observed 2+ isomer is calculated to be only a few kJ mol−1 less stable than the global minimum structure of Si3H8+ (1+), which is derived from vertical ionization of trisilane. Although more stable, 1+ is not detected in the measured IR spectrum of Si3H8+–Ar, and its lower abundance in the supersonic plasma is rationalized by the production mechanism of Si3H8+ in the silane plasma, in which a high barrier between 2+ and 1+ prevents the efficient formation of 1+. The potential energy surface of Si3H8+ is characterized in some detail by quantum chemical calculations. The structural, vibrational, electronic and energetic properties as well as the chemical bonding mechanism are investigated for a variety of low‐energy Si3H8+ isomers and their fragments. The weak intermolecular bonds of the Ar ligands in the Si3H8+–Ar isomers arise from dispersion and induction forces and induce only a minor perturbation of the bare Si3H8+ ions. Comparison with the potential energy surface of C3H8+ reveals the differences between the silicon and carbon species.
Good vibrations: The structure and vibrational spectrum of Si3H8+ ions generated in a silane plasma are characterized by quantum chemical calculations and Ar‐tagging IR spectroscopy (see figure). The detected isomer 2+ is characterized by a weak, asymmetric, and nonlinear 3c–2e SiHSi bond. |
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AbstractList | The IR spectrum of Si3H8(+) ions produced in a supersonic plasma molecular beam expansion of SiH4, He, and Ar is inferred from photodissociation of cold Si3H8(+)-Ar complexes. Vibrational analysis of the spectrum is consistent with a Si3H8(+) structure (2(+)) obtained by a barrierless addition reaction of SiH4 to the disilene ion (H2Si=SiH2(+)) in the silane plasma. In this structure, one of the electronegative H atoms of SiH4 donates electron density into the partially filled electrophilic π orbital of the disilene cation. The resulting asymmetric Si-H-Si bridge of the 2(+) isomer with a bond energy of approximately 60 kJ mol(-1) is characteristic for a weak three-center two-electron bond, which is identified by its strongly IR active asymmetric Si-H-Si stretching fundamental at about 1765 cm(-1). The observed 2(+) isomer is calculated to be only a few kJ mol(-1) less stable than the global minimum structure of Si3H8(+) (1(+)), which is derived from vertical ionization of trisilane. Although more stable, 1(+) is not detected in the measured IR spectrum of Si3H8(+)-Ar, and its lower abundance in the supersonic plasma is rationalized by the production mechanism of Si3H8(+) in the silane plasma, in which a high barrier between 2(+) and 1(+) prevents the efficient formation of 1(+). The potential energy surface of Si3H8(+) is characterized in some detail by quantum chemical calculations. The structural, vibrational, electronic and energetic properties as well as the chemical bonding mechanism are investigated for a variety of low-energy Si3H8(+) isomers and their fragments. The weak intermolecular bonds of the Ar ligands in the Si3H8(+)-Ar isomers arise from dispersion and induction forces and induce only a minor perturbation of the bare Si3H8(+) ions. Comparison with the potential energy surface of C3H8(+) reveals the differences between the silicon and carbon species. The IR spectrum of Si3H8+ ions produced in a supersonic plasma molecular beam expansion of SiH4, He, and Ar is inferred from photodissociation of cold Si3H8+–Ar complexes. Vibrational analysis of the spectrum is consistent with a Si3H8+ structure (2+) obtained by a barrierless addition reaction of SiH4 to the disilene ion (H2SiSiH2+) in the silane plasma. In this structure, one of the electronegative H atoms of SiH4 donates electron density into the partially filled electrophilic π orbital of the disilene cation. The resulting asymmetric SiHSi bridge of the 2+ isomer with a bond energy of approximately 60 kJ mol−1 is characteristic for a weak three‐center two‐electron bond, which is identified by its strongly IR active asymmetric SiHSi stretching fundamental at about 1765 cm−1. The observed 2+ isomer is calculated to be only a few kJ mol−1 less stable than the global minimum structure of Si3H8+ (1+), which is derived from vertical ionization of trisilane. Although more stable, 1+ is not detected in the measured IR spectrum of Si3H8+–Ar, and its lower abundance in the supersonic plasma is rationalized by the production mechanism of Si3H8+ in the silane plasma, in which a high barrier between 2+ and 1+ prevents the efficient formation of 1+. The potential energy surface of Si3H8+ is characterized in some detail by quantum chemical calculations. The structural, vibrational, electronic and energetic properties as well as the chemical bonding mechanism are investigated for a variety of low‐energy Si3H8+ isomers and their fragments. The weak intermolecular bonds of the Ar ligands in the Si3H8+–Ar isomers arise from dispersion and induction forces and induce only a minor perturbation of the bare Si3H8+ ions. Comparison with the potential energy surface of C3H8+ reveals the differences between the silicon and carbon species. Good vibrations: The structure and vibrational spectrum of Si3H8+ ions generated in a silane plasma are characterized by quantum chemical calculations and Ar‐tagging IR spectroscopy (see figure). The detected isomer 2+ is characterized by a weak, asymmetric, and nonlinear 3c–2e SiHSi bond. |
Author | Dopfer, Otto George, Martin Andreas Robert Savoca, Marco |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Martin Andreas Robert surname: George fullname: George, Martin Andreas Robert organization: Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin (Germany) – sequence: 2 givenname: Marco surname: Savoca fullname: Savoca, Marco organization: Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin (Germany) – sequence: 3 givenname: Otto surname: Dopfer fullname: Dopfer, Otto email: dopfer@physik.tu-berlin.de organization: Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin (Germany) |
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Keywords | silanes mass spectrometry structure elucidation radical ions IR spectroscopy |
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Snippet | The IR spectrum of Si3H8+ ions produced in a supersonic plasma molecular beam expansion of SiH4, He, and Ar is inferred from photodissociation of cold... The IR spectrum of Si3H8(+) ions produced in a supersonic plasma molecular beam expansion of SiH4, He, and Ar is inferred from photodissociation of cold... |
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SubjectTerms | IR spectroscopy mass spectrometry radical ions silanes structure elucidation |
Title | Infrared Spectrum of the Si3H8+ Cation: Evidence for a Bridged Isomer with an Asymmetric Three-Center Two-Electron SiHSi Bond |
URI | https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-67FBXNRV-8/fulltext.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fchem.201302189 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24105980 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1444859013 |
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