25-Hydroxyvitamin D, IGF-1, and Metabolic Syndrome at 45 Years of Age : A Cross-Sectional Study in the 1958 British Birth Cohort

• Published in: Diabetes (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 57; no. 2; pp. 298 - 305
• Main Authors: HYPPÖNEN, Elina, BOUCHER, Barbara J, BERRY, Diane J, POWER, Chris
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Alexandria, VA American Diabetes Association 01.02.2008
• Subjects: Alfacalcidol; Automation; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Pressure; Body Height; Body Weight; Calcifediol; Cardiovascular disease; Cholesterol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Demographic aspects; Development and progression; Diabetes; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance; Female; Health Surveys; High density lipoprotein; Humans; Incidence; Insulin-like growth factor 1; Insulin-like growth factor I; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism; Male; Medical sciences; Metabolic diseases; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - blood; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology; Metabolic syndrome X; Middle Aged; Miscellaneous; Obesity; Other metabolic disorders; Physiological aspects; Physiology; Research design; Surveys and Questionnaires; Triglycerides; United Kingdom - epidemiology; Vitamin D; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives; Vitamin D - blood; Vitamin D Deficiency - blood; Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology; Vitamin deficiency; White People; United Kingdom; Endocrinopathy; Diabetes mellitus; Cross sectional study; Metabolic diseases; Cardiovascular disease; Insulin like growth factor 1; Metabolic syndrome; Age
• DOI: 10.2337/db07-1122
• ISSN: 0012-1797; 1939-327X

Hypovitaminosis D and reduced IGF-1 are associated, individually, with metabolic syndrome. Physiological interactions between vitamin D and IGF-1 are reported; this is the first study to investigate their combined associations with metabolic syndrome prevalence. Data on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), IGF-1, and metabolic syndrome abnormalities (abdominal obesity; raised A1C, blood pressure, and triglycerides; and low HDL cholesterol) were collected from 6,810 British white subjects in the 1958 cohort, surveyed during 2002-2004 (age 45 years). IGF-1 concentrations increased with 25(OH)D up to approximately 75-85 nmol/l but not thereafter. Both 25(OH)D and IGF-1 were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome. There was an interaction between 25(OH)D and IGF-1 (P = 0.025) on metabolic syndrome prevalence: IGF-1 was not significantly associated with metabolic syndrome among those with the lowest levels of 25(OH)D (P > 0.09), whereas higher 25(OH)D was associated with metabolic syndrome at all IGF-1 concentrations (P </= 0.006). Metabolic syndrome prevalence was lowest for participants with the highest concentrations of both 25(OH)D and IGF-1 (odds ratio for highest vs. lowest third of both 0.26 [95% CI 0.17-0.40], P < 0.0001; adjusted for sex, month, hour, inactivity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and social class). 25(OH)D was associated with the prevalence of high A1C, blood pressure, and triglycerides after adjustment for IGF-1, obesity, and social and lifestyle variations (P </= 0.004 for all comparisons). Serum 25(OH)D is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome, whereas the inverse association with IGF-1 was found only among those without hypovitaminosis D. These results suggest that metabolic syndrome prevalence is the lowest when both 25(OH)D and IGF-1 are high.