Mathematical and Molecular Topology

• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023
• Subjects: almost normal; amino acids; Banach space; canonically closed; closure space; Computer science; Computing and Information Technology; Economics, Finance, Business and Management; entropies via various molecular descriptors; Fréchet-derivative; Gaussian; geometry; H3BO3 layer structure; Industry and industrial studies; Information technology industries; line graph of H3BO3; local convergence; machine learning; maximum clique; Media, entertainment, information and communication industries; molecular modeling; nonlinear equations; optimization; ProBiS; protein graphs; subdivision of H3BO3; weakly normal; weakly π-normal; κ-normal; π-normal
• DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-8353-2
• ISBN: 9783036583532; 303658353X; 3036583521; 9783036583525

This Special Issue, "Mathematical and Molecular Topology" welcomed papers from a broad interdisciplinary area, since topology is concerned with the properties of objects that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling and bending. One of the oldest problems in topology is The Seven Bridges of Königsberg. Topology naturally finds application in all fields of engineering, physical sciences, life sciences, social sciences, medicine, business and even arts. The motivating insight behind topology is that some geometric problems depend not on the exact shape of the objects involved, but rather on the way they are put together. Circa 1750, Euler stated the polyhedron formula, V − E + F = 2 (where V, E, and F respectively indicate the number of vertices, edges, and faces of the polyhedron), which may be regarded as the first theorem, signaling the birth of topology. Subjects included in topology are graph theory and algebraic topology.