Low S-allele numbers limit mate availability, reduce seed set and skew fitness in small populations of a self-incompatible plant
1. The role of genetic factors in species decline and extinction is the subject of a long-running controversy, with demographical factors often seen as more important for the immediate persistence of populations and species. One gene system that directly links genetic diversity with reproduction, th...
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| Published in | The Journal of applied ecology Vol. 47; no. 3; pp. 541 - 548 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.06.2010
Blackwell Publishing Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | 1. The role of genetic factors in species decline and extinction is the subject of a long-running controversy, with demographical factors often seen as more important for the immediate persistence of populations and species. One gene system that directly links genetic diversity with reproduction, through its influence on fertilization success, is the self-incompatibility (SI) locus in angiosperm plants. Despite the potential importance of SI allele diversity for demographical function, there are few direct measures of S-allele numbers in multiple populations, and no studies have simultaneously measured reproductive output, mate availability, S-allele diversity and pollinator service. 2. We used diallel crosses to estimate S-allele number and mate availability in seven populations of the forb Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides ranging in size from 5 to 100 000 plants. Seed set and correlated paternity were assessed from open-pollinated inflorescences to examine reproductive output and variance in female and male fitness. To assess whether populations were receiving adequate pollinator service, the amount of pollen deposited on open-pollinated stigmas was quantified. 3. We found that small populations (<100 plants) of R. leptorrhynchoides have low S-allele diversity and mate availability and exhibit significant reductions in seed set relative to large populations (>1000 plants) with higher numbers of S-alleles, despite the maintenance of pollinator service. Greater variance in seed set among plants and higher correlated paternity in small populations suggest that low S-allele numbers are directly limiting mate availability and causing the observed reproductive failure. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our work demonstrates that the loss of genetic diversity at the SI locus can have immediate detrimental effects on reproductive performance, despite the maintenance of pollinator service. These results highlight the importance of genetic factors in determining demographical outcomes when clear links between genotype and individual fitness exist, even when populations are not ecologically constrained. This result is important for the conservation and management of many plant species as approximately half of all angiosperm families contain species with genetically controlled SI and the loss of genetic diversity through habitat loss and fragmentation is an ever-increasing reality for plant species worldwide. |
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| AbstractList | Summary1.The role of genetic factors in species decline and extinction is the subject of a long-running controversy, with demographical factors often seen as more important for the immediate persistence of populations and species. One gene system that directly links genetic diversity with reproduction, through its influence on fertilization success, is the self-incompatibility (SI) locus in angiosperm plants. Despite the potential importance of SI allele diversity for demographical function, there are few direct measures of S-allele numbers in multiple populations, and no studies have simultaneously measured reproductive output, mate availability, S-allele diversity and pollinator service.2. We used diallel crosses to estimate S-allele number and mate availability in seven populations of the forb Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides ranging in size from 5 to 100 000 plants. Seed set and correlated paternity were assessed from open-pollinated inflorescences to examine reproductive output and variance in female and male fitness. To assess whether populations were receiving adequate pollinator service, the amount of pollen deposited on open-pollinated stigmas was quantified.3. We found that small populations (<100 plants) of R. leptorrhynchoides have low S-allele diversity and mate availability and exhibit significant reductions in seed set relative to large populations (>1000 plants) with higher numbers of S-alleles, despite the maintenance of pollinator service. Greater variance in seed set among plants and higher correlated paternity in small populations suggest that low S-allele numbers are directly limiting mate availability and causing the observed reproductive failure.4. 1. The role of genetic factors in species decline and extinction is the subject of a long-running controversy, with demographical factors often seen as more important for the immediate persistence of populations and species. One gene system that directly links genetic diversity with reproduction, through its influence on fertilization success, is the self-incompatibility (SI) locus in angiosperm plants. Despite the potential importance of SI allele diversity for demographical function, there are few direct measures of S-allele numbers in multiple populations, and no studies have simultaneously measured reproductive output, mate availability, S-allele diversity and pollinator service. 2. We used diallel crosses to estimate S-allele number and mate availability in seven populations of the forb Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides ranging in size from 5 to 100 000 plants. Seed set and correlated paternity were assessed from open-pollinated inflorescences to examine reproductive output and variance in female and male fitness. To assess whether populations were receiving adequate pollinator service, the amount of pollen deposited on open-pollinated stigmas was quantified. 3. We found that small populations (< 100 plants) of R. leptorrhynchoides have low S-allele diversity and mate availability and exhibit significant reductions in seed set relative to large populations (> 1000 plants) with higher numbers of S-alleles, despite the maintenance of pollinator service. Greater variance in seed set among plants and higher correlated paternity in small populationssuggest that low S-allele numbers are directly limiting mate availability and causing the observed reproductive failure. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our work demonstrates that the loss of genetic diversity at the SI locus can have immediate detrimental effects on reproductive performance, despite the maintenance of pollinator service. These results highlight the importance of genetic factors in determining demographical outcomes when clear links between genotype and individual fitness exist, even when populations are not ecologically constrained. This result is important for the conservation and management of many plant species as approximately half of all angiosperm families contain species with genetically controlled SI and the loss of genetic diversity through habitat loss and fragmentation is an ever-increasing reality for plant species worldwide. 1. The role of genetic factors in species decline and extinction is the subject of a long-running controversy, with demographical factors often seen as more important for the immediate persistence of populations and species. One gene system that directly links genetic diversity with reproduction, through its influence on fertilization success, is the self-incompatibility (SI) locus in angiosperm plants. Despite the potential importance of SI allele diversity for demographical function, there are few direct measures of S-allele numbers in multiple populations, and no studies have simultaneously measured reproductive output, mate availability, S-allele diversity and pollinator service. 2. We used diallel crosses to estimate S-allele number and mate availability in seven populations of the forb Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides ranging in size from 5 to 100 000 plants. Seed set and correlated paternity were assessed from open-pollinated inflorescences to examine reproductive output and variance in female and male fitness. To assess whether populations were receiving adequate pollinator service, the amount of pollen deposited on open-pollinated stigmas was quantified. 3. We found that small populations (<100 plants) of R. leptorrhynchoides have low S-allele diversity and mate availability and exhibit significant reductions in seed set relative to large populations (>1000 plants) with higher numbers of S-alleles, despite the maintenance of pollinator service. Greater variance in seed set among plants and higher correlated paternity in small populations suggest that low S-allele numbers are directly limiting mate availability and causing the observed reproductive failure. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our work demonstrates that the loss of genetic diversity at the SI locus can have immediate detrimental effects on reproductive performance, despite the maintenance of pollinator service. These results highlight the importance of genetic factors in determining demographical outcomes when clear links between genotype and individual fitness exist, even when populations are not ecologically constrained. This result is important for the conservation and management of many plant species as approximately half of all angiosperm families contain species with genetically controlled SI and the loss of genetic diversity through habitat loss and fragmentation is an ever-increasing reality for plant species worldwide. The role of genetic factors in species decline and extinction is the subject of a long-running controversy, with demographical factors often seen as more important for the immediate persistence of populations and species. One gene system that directly links genetic diversity with reproduction, through its influence on fertilization success, is the self-incompatibility (SI) locus in angiosperm plants. Despite the potential importance of SI allele diversity for demographical function, there are few direct measures of S-allele numbers in multiple populations, and no studies have simultaneously measured reproductive output, mate availability, S-allele diversity and pollinator service. We used diallel crosses to estimate S-allele number and mate availability in seven populations of the forb Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides ranging in size from 5 to 100 000 plants. Seed set and correlated paternity were assessed from open-pollinated inflorescences to examine reproductive output and variance in female and male fitness. To assess whether populations were receiving adequate pollinator service, the amount of pollen deposited on open-pollinated stigmas was quantified. We found that small populations (<100 plants) of R. leptorrhynchoides have low S-allele diversity and mate availability and exhibit significant reductions in seed set relative to large populations (>1000 plants) with higher numbers of S-alleles, despite the maintenance of pollinator service. Greater variance in seed set among plants and higher correlated paternity in small populations suggest that low S-allele numbers are directly limiting mate availability and causing the observed reproductive failure. Our work demonstrates that the loss of genetic diversity at the SI locus can have immediate detrimental effects on reproductive performance, despite the maintenance of pollinator service. These results highlight the importance of genetic factors in determining demographical outcomes when clear links between genotype and individual fitness exist, even when populations are not ecologically constrained. This result is important for the conservation and management of many plant species as approximately half of all angiosperm families contain species with genetically controlled SI and the loss of genetic diversity through habitat loss and fragmentation is an ever-increasing reality for plant species worldwide. Summary 1. The role of genetic factors in species decline and extinction is the subject of a long‐running controversy, with demographical factors often seen as more important for the immediate persistence of populations and species. One gene system that directly links genetic diversity with reproduction, through its influence on fertilization success, is the self‐incompatibility (SI) locus in angiosperm plants. Despite the potential importance of SI allele diversity for demographical function, there are few direct measures of S‐allele numbers in multiple populations, and no studies have simultaneously measured reproductive output, mate availability, S‐allele diversity and pollinator service. 2. We used diallel crosses to estimate S‐allele number and mate availability in seven populations of the forb Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides ranging in size from 5 to 100 000 plants. Seed set and correlated paternity were assessed from open‐pollinated inflorescences to examine reproductive output and variance in female and male fitness. To assess whether populations were receiving adequate pollinator service, the amount of pollen deposited on open‐pollinated stigmas was quantified. 3. We found that small populations (<100 plants) of R. leptorrhynchoides have low S‐allele diversity and mate availability and exhibit significant reductions in seed set relative to large populations (>1000 plants) with higher numbers of S‐alleles, despite the maintenance of pollinator service. Greater variance in seed set among plants and higher correlated paternity in small populations suggest that low S‐allele numbers are directly limiting mate availability and causing the observed reproductive failure. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our work demonstrates that the loss of genetic diversity at the SI locus can have immediate detrimental effects on reproductive performance, despite the maintenance of pollinator service. These results highlight the importance of genetic factors in determining demographical outcomes when clear links between genotype and individual fitness exist, even when populations are not ecologically constrained. This result is important for the conservation and management of many plant species as approximately half of all angiosperm families contain species with genetically controlled SI and the loss of genetic diversity through habitat loss and fragmentation is an ever‐increasing reality for plant species worldwide. |
| Author | Young, Andrew G. Pickup, Melinda |
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| Keywords | Availability Incompatibility genetic erosion mate limitation Reproductive failure diallel cross Population genetics Fragmentation Allele Seed set S-alleles Sex partner Habitat population viability Viability Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides sporophytic self-incompatibility Erosion Fitness habitat fragmentation |
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| Notes | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01798.x Present address: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada. SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 |
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| References | 1993; 7 2000; 85 2008; 9 2008; 100 2003; 113 1998; 151 2006; 133 1998; 392 2001; 87 1977 2000; 14 2002; 83 1994; 263 1999; 13 2003; 4 2008; 117 2000b 1954; 8 2008; 22 1981 1998; 52 2008; 62 1996; 27 1998; 282 2007; 169 1998; 29 2002; 79 2006; 9 2005; 86 2008; 13 2008; 11 1988; 241 2003 2008; 169 1972; 25 1996; 10 1988; 2 2004; 92 2006; 43 2005; 169 2005; 126 2000; 31 1997; 78 2005; 95 2000a; 48 2005; 96 1992; 68 1995; 146 1999; 73 1939; 24 |
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| Snippet | 1. The role of genetic factors in species decline and extinction is the subject of a long-running controversy, with demographical factors often seen as more... Summary 1. The role of genetic factors in species decline and extinction is the subject of a long‐running controversy, with demographical factors often seen as... The role of genetic factors in species decline and extinction is the subject of a long-running controversy, with demographical factors often seen as more... Summary1.The role of genetic factors in species decline and extinction is the subject of a long-running controversy, with demographical factors often seen as... |
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| SubjectTerms | Angiospermae Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology Biological and medical sciences Conservation biology Depopulation diallel analysis diallel cross Ecological genetics Ecology Extinction Flowers & plants forbs Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects genes Genetic diversity genetic erosion Genetic factors genetic variation Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution genotype habitat destruction Habitat fragmentation Habitat loss Habitats inflorescences loci mate limitation paternity Plant populations Plant species Plants Pollen Pollinators population dynamics Population ecology Population genetics Population genetics, reproduction patterns Population management Population size population viability Reproduction reproductive failure reproductive performance Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides Seed set Species extinction sporophytic self‐incompatibility S‐alleles variance |
| Title | Low S-allele numbers limit mate availability, reduce seed set and skew fitness in small populations of a self-incompatible plant |
| URI | https://www.jstor.org/stable/40605894 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2664.2010.01798.x https://www.proquest.com/docview/233414937 https://www.proquest.com/docview/742686814 https://www.proquest.com/docview/746085646 |
| Volume | 47 |
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