Reproductive behavior of the anemonefish Amphiprion clarkii at Miyake-jima, Japan
The reproductive behavior of the anemonefish, Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett) is described from the island of Miyake-jima, Japan.Host anemones of the genus Parasicyonis provide nesting habitats which vary considerably in size, resulting in differences in social behavior.Agonistic behavior is more prono...
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| Published in | Gyoruigaku zasshi Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 23 - 32 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
The Ichthyological Society of Japan
1976
|
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0021-5090 1884-7374 |
| DOI | 10.11369/jji1950.23.23 |
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| Abstract | The reproductive behavior of the anemonefish, Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett) is described from the island of Miyake-jima, Japan.Host anemones of the genus Parasicyonis provide nesting habitats which vary considerably in size, resulting in differences in social behavior.Agonistic behavior is more pronounced in large, crowded colonies than in small ones with a single dominant pair and 2-3 subdominant fish.Only dominant fish are sexually active.Courtship behavior is initiated by the male and consists merely of nest cleaning, sometimes with bodies touching, and nipping at the tentacles of the anemones.Head-shaking, dorsal and ventral leanings, and jawclicking, often described as courtship displays, are considered here as agonistic behavior, occurring more regularly in newly established pairs where the pair bond is weak than in established“veterans” . Spawning takes place between 9 AM-3 PM.The male assumes most of the responsibility for egg-care, the female only rarely fanning eggs.Nocturnal egg care is lacking except on the night of hatching.Eggs hatch between 34-70 min after sunset. |
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| AbstractList | The reproductive behavior of the anemonefish, Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett) is described from the island of Miyake-jima, Japan.Host anemones of the genus Parasicyonis provide nesting habitats which vary considerably in size, resulting in differences in social behavior.Agonistic behavior is more pronounced in large, crowded colonies than in small ones with a single dominant pair and 2-3 subdominant fish.Only dominant fish are sexually active.Courtship behavior is initiated by the male and consists merely of nest cleaning, sometimes with bodies touching, and nipping at the tentacles of the anemones.Head-shaking, dorsal and ventral leanings, and jawclicking, often described as courtship displays, are considered here as agonistic behavior, occurring more regularly in newly established pairs where the pair bond is weak than in established“veterans” . Spawning takes place between 9 AM-3 PM.The male assumes most of the responsibility for egg-care, the female only rarely fanning eggs.Nocturnal egg care is lacking except on the night of hatching.Eggs hatch between 34-70 min after sunset.
クマノミの社会行動は, サンゴイソギンチャクの群落の大きさによって異なり, 大きく密な群落において威嚇行動はより顕著である.優占ペアのみが性行動を行なう.求愛行動 (卵床の清掃, 時々体を触れ合うこと翁イソギンチャクの触手を噛むこと) は, 雄によって始められる.頭を振る行動, 背腹にそり返る行動, 顎で発音する行動は, 新しい不安定なペアで多く見られ, 定着した古いペアでは弱く求愛行動でなく威嚇行動と思われる.産卵は午前9時から午後3時の問に行なわれる.卵は主に雄が保護する.夜間の保護行動は, 艀化の夜以外は見られない.卵は日没後34～70分後に艀化する. The reproductive behavior of the anemonefish, Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett) is described from the island of Miyake-jima, Japan.Host anemones of the genus Parasicyonis provide nesting habitats which vary considerably in size, resulting in differences in social behavior.Agonistic behavior is more pronounced in large, crowded colonies than in small ones with a single dominant pair and 2-3 subdominant fish.Only dominant fish are sexually active.Courtship behavior is initiated by the male and consists merely of nest cleaning, sometimes with bodies touching, and nipping at the tentacles of the anemones.Head-shaking, dorsal and ventral leanings, and jawclicking, often described as courtship displays, are considered here as agonistic behavior, occurring more regularly in newly established pairs where the pair bond is weak than in established“veterans” . Spawning takes place between 9 AM-3 PM.The male assumes most of the responsibility for egg-care, the female only rarely fanning eggs.Nocturnal egg care is lacking except on the night of hatching.Eggs hatch between 34-70 min after sunset. |
| Author | Bell L.J Moyer J.T |
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| CorporateAuthor | Tatsuo Tanaka Memorial Biological Station, Miyake-jima, Tokyo (Japan). Toga Farm |
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| DocumentTitleAlternate | 三宅島におけるクマノミの生殖行動 |
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| References | Mariscal, R. N. 1972. Behavior of symbiotic fishes and sea anemones. In H. E. Winn and B. L. Olla, ed.“Behavior of marine animals: current perspectives in research. Vol.2, Plenum Press, London-New York, ” 327-360, figs. 1-4. Moyer, J. T. 1976. Geographical variation and social dominance in Japanese populations of the anemonefish Amphiprion clarkii. Japan. J. Ichthy-ol., 23 (1): 12-22, 2 figs., tabs. 1-4. Abel, E. F. 1961. Freiwasserstudien über das Fortplanzungsverhallen des Monchfissches Chromis chromis Linne, einem Vertuiter der Pomacentriden in Mittelmeer. Z. Tierpsychol., 18 (4): 44-449, figs. 1-7. Lorenz, K. 1966. On aggression. Harcourt, Brace, and World, Inc., New York: 1-306. Moyer, J. T. and J. W. Shepard. 1975. Notes on the spawning of the wrasse, Cirrhilabrus temminckii. Japan. J. Ichthyol., 22 (1): 40-42. Fishelson, L. 1965. Observations and experiments on the Red Sea anemones and their symbiotic fish Amphiprion bicinctus. Bull. Sea Fish. Res. Stat. Haifa, 39: 1-14, figs. 1-7. Moyer, J. T. and C. E. Sawyers. 1973. Territorial behavior of the anemonefish, Amphiprion xanthurus, with notes on the life history. Japan J. Ichthyol., 20 (2): 85-93, figs. 1-2. Reese, E. S. 1964. Ethology and marine zoology. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 2: 455-488, figs. 1-2. Fricke, H. W. 1974. Öko-ethologie des mono-gamen Anemonenfisches Amphiprion bicinctus (Freiwasseruntersuchung aus dem Roten Meer). Z. Tierpsychol., 36: 429-512, figs. 1-41, tabs. 1-16. Moyer, J. T. 1975. Reproductive behavior of the damselfish Pomacentrus nagasakiensis at Miyake-jima, Japan. Japan. J. Ichthyol., 22 (3): 151-163, figs. 1-5. Allen, G. R. 1972. The anemonefishes: their classification and biology. TFH Publications, Inc., Neptune City, N. J.: 1-288, figs. 1-140, tabs. 1-23. Myrberg, A. A., B. D. Brahy, and A. R. Emery. 1967. Field observations on the reporduction of the damselfish, Chromis multilineata (Pomacentri-dae) with additional notes on general behavior. Copeia, 1967 (4): 819-827, figs. 1-7. Namba, T. 1964. Kumanomi-rui no isoginchaku ni taisuru hanno ni tsuite. Graduate thesis, Tokyo Univ. Fisher., 1-74, many figs. In Japanese. Mariscal, R. N. 1970 a. An experimental analysis of the protection of Amphiprion xanthurus Cuvier and Valenciennes and some other anemonefishes from sea anemones. J. Exp.Mar. Biol. Ecol., 4: 134-149, figs. 1-8, tabs. 1-6. Mariscal, R. N. 1970 b. The nature of the symbio-sis between Indo-Pacific anemonefishes and sea anemones. Mar. Biol., 6 (1): 58-65, figs. 1-5. Schneider, H. 1964. Biokustische Untersuchungen an Anemonenfischen der Gattung Amphiprion (Pisces). Z. Morphol. Ökol. Tiere, 53: 454-474, figs. 1-14. Verway, J.1930.Coral reef studies.I.The symbiosis between damselfishes and sea anemones in Batavia Bay. Treubia, 12 (3-4): 350-366, figs.1-5. Ehrlich, P. R. 1975. The population biology of coral reef fishes. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 6: 211-247. Hackinger, A. 1967. Anemonenfische-im Aquari-um gezuchtet. Die aufzucht von Amphiprion bicinctus in Aquarium. Aquarien Magazin, Stuttgart: 137-141, figs. 1-14. Mariscal, R. N. 1970 c. A field and laboratory study of the symbiotic behavior of fishes and sea anemones from the tropical Indo-Pacific. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 91: 1-33, figs. 1-16, tabs. 1-3. Gohar, H. A. F. 1948. Commensalism between fish and anemone. (With a description of the egg of Amphiprion bicinctus Riippell). Fouad I. Univ. Publ. Mar. Biol. Sta. Ghardaga (Red Sea), 6: 35-44, 1 fig. Bell, L. J. 1976. Notes on the nesting success and fecundity of the anemonefish, Amphiprion clarkii, at Miyake-jima, Japan. Japan. J. Ichthyol. 22 (4): 207-211, 1 fig., 1 tab. Davenport, D. and K. S. Norris. 1958. Observa-tions on the symbiosis of the sea anemone Stoi-chactis and the pomacentrid fish, Amphiprion percula. Biol. Bull. Woods Hole, 115 (3): 397-410, 1 fig., 1 tab. Albrecht, H. 1969. Behavior of four species of Atlantic damselfishes from Columbia, South America, (Abudefduf saxatilis, A. taurus, Chromi multilineata, C. cyanea: Pisces Pomacentridae). Z. Tierpsychol., 26: 662-686, figs. 1-5. Morris, D. 1956. The function and causation of courtship ceremonies. In“Collected papers by Desmond Morris. Patterns of reproductive be-havior. Panther Books, London, ”: 128-152, figs. 1-16. Tanase, H.and C. Araga. 1975. Observations of breeding and taxonomy of the anemonefish, Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett). Dobutsuen-Sui-zokukan Zasshi, 17 (1): 16-21, figs.1-2. In Japanese. Neugebauer, W. 1969. So zuchten.wir Korallen- fische. Aquarien Magazin, Stuttgard (Dec.1969): 483-488, figs.1-14. Moyer, J. T. 1974. Notes on the reproductive behavior of the wrasse, Thalassoma cupido. Japan. J. Ichthyol., 21 (1): 34-36. |
| References_xml | – reference: Verway, J.1930.Coral reef studies.I.The symbiosis between damselfishes and sea anemones in Batavia Bay. Treubia, 12 (3-4): 350-366, figs.1-5. – reference: Mariscal, R. N. 1970 c. A field and laboratory study of the symbiotic behavior of fishes and sea anemones from the tropical Indo-Pacific. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 91: 1-33, figs. 1-16, tabs. 1-3. – reference: Hackinger, A. 1967. Anemonenfische-im Aquari-um gezuchtet. Die aufzucht von Amphiprion bicinctus in Aquarium. Aquarien Magazin, Stuttgart: 137-141, figs. 1-14. – reference: Morris, D. 1956. The function and causation of courtship ceremonies. In“Collected papers by Desmond Morris. Patterns of reproductive be-havior. Panther Books, London, ”: 128-152, figs. 1-16. – reference: Moyer, J. T. and C. E. Sawyers. 1973. Territorial behavior of the anemonefish, Amphiprion xanthurus, with notes on the life history. Japan J. Ichthyol., 20 (2): 85-93, figs. 1-2. – reference: Myrberg, A. A., B. D. Brahy, and A. R. Emery. 1967. Field observations on the reporduction of the damselfish, Chromis multilineata (Pomacentri-dae) with additional notes on general behavior. Copeia, 1967 (4): 819-827, figs. 1-7. – reference: Mariscal, R. N. 1972. Behavior of symbiotic fishes and sea anemones. In H. E. Winn and B. L. Olla, ed.“Behavior of marine animals: current perspectives in research. Vol.2, Plenum Press, London-New York, ” 327-360, figs. 1-4. – reference: Allen, G. R. 1972. The anemonefishes: their classification and biology. TFH Publications, Inc., Neptune City, N. J.: 1-288, figs. 1-140, tabs. 1-23. – reference: Lorenz, K. 1966. On aggression. Harcourt, Brace, and World, Inc., New York: 1-306. – reference: Gohar, H. A. F. 1948. Commensalism between fish and anemone. (With a description of the egg of Amphiprion bicinctus Riippell). Fouad I. Univ. Publ. Mar. Biol. Sta. Ghardaga (Red Sea), 6: 35-44, 1 fig. – reference: Reese, E. S. 1964. Ethology and marine zoology. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 2: 455-488, figs. 1-2. – reference: Albrecht, H. 1969. Behavior of four species of Atlantic damselfishes from Columbia, South America, (Abudefduf saxatilis, A. taurus, Chromi multilineata, C. cyanea: Pisces Pomacentridae). Z. Tierpsychol., 26: 662-686, figs. 1-5. – reference: Schneider, H. 1964. Biokustische Untersuchungen an Anemonenfischen der Gattung Amphiprion (Pisces). Z. Morphol. Ökol. Tiere, 53: 454-474, figs. 1-14. – reference: Mariscal, R. N. 1970 b. The nature of the symbio-sis between Indo-Pacific anemonefishes and sea anemones. Mar. Biol., 6 (1): 58-65, figs. 1-5. – reference: Mariscal, R. N. 1970 a. An experimental analysis of the protection of Amphiprion xanthurus Cuvier and Valenciennes and some other anemonefishes from sea anemones. J. Exp.Mar. Biol. Ecol., 4: 134-149, figs. 1-8, tabs. 1-6. – reference: Ehrlich, P. R. 1975. The population biology of coral reef fishes. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 6: 211-247. – reference: Fricke, H. W. 1974. Öko-ethologie des mono-gamen Anemonenfisches Amphiprion bicinctus (Freiwasseruntersuchung aus dem Roten Meer). Z. Tierpsychol., 36: 429-512, figs. 1-41, tabs. 1-16. – reference: Moyer, J. T. 1975. Reproductive behavior of the damselfish Pomacentrus nagasakiensis at Miyake-jima, Japan. Japan. J. Ichthyol., 22 (3): 151-163, figs. 1-5. – reference: Namba, T. 1964. Kumanomi-rui no isoginchaku ni taisuru hanno ni tsuite. Graduate thesis, Tokyo Univ. Fisher., 1-74, many figs. In Japanese. – reference: Moyer, J. T. 1974. Notes on the reproductive behavior of the wrasse, Thalassoma cupido. Japan. J. Ichthyol., 21 (1): 34-36. – reference: Neugebauer, W. 1969. So zuchten.wir Korallen- fische. Aquarien Magazin, Stuttgard (Dec.1969): 483-488, figs.1-14. – reference: Abel, E. F. 1961. Freiwasserstudien über das Fortplanzungsverhallen des Monchfissches Chromis chromis Linne, einem Vertuiter der Pomacentriden in Mittelmeer. Z. Tierpsychol., 18 (4): 44-449, figs. 1-7. – reference: Bell, L. J. 1976. Notes on the nesting success and fecundity of the anemonefish, Amphiprion clarkii, at Miyake-jima, Japan. Japan. J. Ichthyol. 22 (4): 207-211, 1 fig., 1 tab. – reference: Davenport, D. and K. S. Norris. 1958. Observa-tions on the symbiosis of the sea anemone Stoi-chactis and the pomacentrid fish, Amphiprion percula. Biol. Bull. Woods Hole, 115 (3): 397-410, 1 fig., 1 tab. – reference: Tanase, H.and C. Araga. 1975. Observations of breeding and taxonomy of the anemonefish, Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett). Dobutsuen-Sui-zokukan Zasshi, 17 (1): 16-21, figs.1-2. In Japanese. – reference: Fishelson, L. 1965. Observations and experiments on the Red Sea anemones and their symbiotic fish Amphiprion bicinctus. Bull. Sea Fish. Res. Stat. Haifa, 39: 1-14, figs. 1-7. – reference: Moyer, J. T. 1976. Geographical variation and social dominance in Japanese populations of the anemonefish Amphiprion clarkii. Japan. J. Ichthy-ol., 23 (1): 12-22, 2 figs., tabs. 1-4. – reference: Moyer, J. T. and J. W. Shepard. 1975. Notes on the spawning of the wrasse, Cirrhilabrus temminckii. Japan. J. Ichthyol., 22 (1): 40-42. |
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