Time since last birth and the risk of endometrial cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies
Endometrial cancer, an adenocarcinoma originating from the uterine lining, is the most prevalent cancer of the female genital tract globally.Identifying early risk factors for endometrial cancer is crucial for prevention.Prior research suggests that pregnancy may lower endometrial cancer risk by red...
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| Published in | PloS one Vol. 20; no. 7; p. e0325907 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
Public Library of Science
08.07.2025
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| Abstract | Endometrial cancer, an adenocarcinoma originating from the uterine lining, is the most prevalent cancer of the female genital tract globally.Identifying early risk factors for endometrial cancer is crucial for prevention.Prior research suggests that pregnancy may lower endometrial cancer risk by reducing estrogen exposure.This meta-analysis aims to delve into the existing population-based longitudinal studies to evaluate the association between the time elapsed since the last birth and the risk of endometrial cancer.
We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for cohort studies published up to June 21, 2024, using relevant medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata version 14.0. A fixed-effects model was applied if P > 0.1 and I2 ≤ 50%; otherwise, a random-effects model was used to account for significant heterogeneity Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Our meta-analysis included 3 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies with a total of 3,310,734 participants, published between 1994 and 2024. The analysis revealed that time since last birth is associated with endometrial cancer risk. Specifically, a period of 0-10 years since the last birth was linked to a reduced risk of endometrial cancer (OR= 0.431; 95% CI: 0.351-0.530). A period of 10-20 years since the last birth also showed a decreased risk (OR=0.867; 95% CI:0.747-1.007), whereas more than 20 years since the last birth was associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.304; 95% CI: 1.111-1.530).
Our meta-analysis indicates that a shorter time since the last birth is protective against endometrial cancer, whereas a longer interval increases risk. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this association. These findings are crucial for developing new strategies for endometrial cancer prevention and treatment. |
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| AbstractList | Introduction Endometrial cancer, an adenocarcinoma originating from the uterine lining, is the most prevalent cancer of the female genital tract globally.Identifying early risk factors for endometrial cancer is crucial for prevention.Prior research suggests that pregnancy may lower endometrial cancer risk by reducing estrogen exposure.This meta-analysis aims to delve into the existing population-based longitudinal studies to evaluate the association between the time elapsed since the last birth and the risk of endometrial cancer. Methods and analysis We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for cohort studies published up to June 21, 2024, using relevant medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata version 14.0. A fixed-effects model was applied if P > 0.1 and I.sup.2 [less than or equal to] 50%; otherwise, a random-effects model was used to account for significant heterogeneity Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Our meta-analysis included 3 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies with a total of 3,310,734 participants, published between 1994 and 2024. The analysis revealed that time since last birth is associated with endometrial cancer risk. Specifically, a period of 0-10 years since the last birth was linked to a reduced risk of endometrial cancer (OR= 0.431; 95% CI: 0.351-0.530). A period of 10-20 years since the last birth also showed a decreased risk (OR=0.867; 95% CI:0.747-1.007), whereas more than 20 years since the last birth was associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.304; 95% CI: 1.111-1.530). Conclusions Our meta-analysis indicates that a shorter time since the last birth is protective against endometrial cancer, whereas a longer interval increases risk. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this association. These findings are crucial for developing new strategies for endometrial cancer prevention and treatment. Endometrial cancer, an adenocarcinoma originating from the uterine lining, is the most prevalent cancer of the female genital tract globally.Identifying early risk factors for endometrial cancer is crucial for prevention.Prior research suggests that pregnancy may lower endometrial cancer risk by reducing estrogen exposure.This meta-analysis aims to delve into the existing population-based longitudinal studies to evaluate the association between the time elapsed since the last birth and the risk of endometrial cancer. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for cohort studies published up to June 21, 2024, using relevant medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata version 14.0. A fixed-effects model was applied if P > 0.1 and I.sup.2 [less than or equal to] 50%; otherwise, a random-effects model was used to account for significant heterogeneity Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Our meta-analysis included 3 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies with a total of 3,310,734 participants, published between 1994 and 2024. The analysis revealed that time since last birth is associated with endometrial cancer risk. Specifically, a period of 0-10 years since the last birth was linked to a reduced risk of endometrial cancer (OR= 0.431; 95% CI: 0.351-0.530). A period of 10-20 years since the last birth also showed a decreased risk (OR=0.867; 95% CI:0.747-1.007), whereas more than 20 years since the last birth was associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.304; 95% CI: 1.111-1.530). Our meta-analysis indicates that a shorter time since the last birth is protective against endometrial cancer, whereas a longer interval increases risk. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this association. These findings are crucial for developing new strategies for endometrial cancer prevention and treatment. Endometrial cancer, an adenocarcinoma originating from the uterine lining, is the most prevalent cancer of the female genital tract globally.Identifying early risk factors for endometrial cancer is crucial for prevention.Prior research suggests that pregnancy may lower endometrial cancer risk by reducing estrogen exposure.This meta-analysis aims to delve into the existing population-based longitudinal studies to evaluate the association between the time elapsed since the last birth and the risk of endometrial cancer.INTRODUCTIONEndometrial cancer, an adenocarcinoma originating from the uterine lining, is the most prevalent cancer of the female genital tract globally.Identifying early risk factors for endometrial cancer is crucial for prevention.Prior research suggests that pregnancy may lower endometrial cancer risk by reducing estrogen exposure.This meta-analysis aims to delve into the existing population-based longitudinal studies to evaluate the association between the time elapsed since the last birth and the risk of endometrial cancer.We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for cohort studies published up to June 21, 2024, using relevant medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata version 14.0. A fixed-effects model was applied if P > 0.1 and I2 ≤ 50%; otherwise, a random-effects model was used to account for significant heterogeneity Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Our meta-analysis included 3 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies with a total of 3,310,734 participants, published between 1994 and 2024. The analysis revealed that time since last birth is associated with endometrial cancer risk. Specifically, a period of 0-10 years since the last birth was linked to a reduced risk of endometrial cancer (OR= 0.431; 95% CI: 0.351-0.530). A period of 10-20 years since the last birth also showed a decreased risk (OR=0.867; 95% CI:0.747-1.007), whereas more than 20 years since the last birth was associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.304; 95% CI: 1.111-1.530).METHODS AND ANALYSISWe searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for cohort studies published up to June 21, 2024, using relevant medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata version 14.0. A fixed-effects model was applied if P > 0.1 and I2 ≤ 50%; otherwise, a random-effects model was used to account for significant heterogeneity Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Our meta-analysis included 3 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies with a total of 3,310,734 participants, published between 1994 and 2024. The analysis revealed that time since last birth is associated with endometrial cancer risk. Specifically, a period of 0-10 years since the last birth was linked to a reduced risk of endometrial cancer (OR= 0.431; 95% CI: 0.351-0.530). A period of 10-20 years since the last birth also showed a decreased risk (OR=0.867; 95% CI:0.747-1.007), whereas more than 20 years since the last birth was associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.304; 95% CI: 1.111-1.530).Our meta-analysis indicates that a shorter time since the last birth is protective against endometrial cancer, whereas a longer interval increases risk. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this association. These findings are crucial for developing new strategies for endometrial cancer prevention and treatment.CONCLUSIONSOur meta-analysis indicates that a shorter time since the last birth is protective against endometrial cancer, whereas a longer interval increases risk. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this association. These findings are crucial for developing new strategies for endometrial cancer prevention and treatment. Endometrial cancer, an adenocarcinoma originating from the uterine lining, is the most prevalent cancer of the female genital tract globally.Identifying early risk factors for endometrial cancer is crucial for prevention.Prior research suggests that pregnancy may lower endometrial cancer risk by reducing estrogen exposure.This meta-analysis aims to delve into the existing population-based longitudinal studies to evaluate the association between the time elapsed since the last birth and the risk of endometrial cancer. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for cohort studies published up to June 21, 2024, using relevant medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata version 14.0. A fixed-effects model was applied if P > 0.1 and I2 ≤ 50%; otherwise, a random-effects model was used to account for significant heterogeneity Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Our meta-analysis included 3 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies with a total of 3,310,734 participants, published between 1994 and 2024. The analysis revealed that time since last birth is associated with endometrial cancer risk. Specifically, a period of 0-10 years since the last birth was linked to a reduced risk of endometrial cancer (OR= 0.431; 95% CI: 0.351-0.530). A period of 10-20 years since the last birth also showed a decreased risk (OR=0.867; 95% CI:0.747-1.007), whereas more than 20 years since the last birth was associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.304; 95% CI: 1.111-1.530). Our meta-analysis indicates that a shorter time since the last birth is protective against endometrial cancer, whereas a longer interval increases risk. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this association. These findings are crucial for developing new strategies for endometrial cancer prevention and treatment. Introduction Endometrial cancer, an adenocarcinoma originating from the uterine lining, is the most prevalent cancer of the female genital tract globally.Identifying early risk factors for endometrial cancer is crucial for prevention.Prior research suggests that pregnancy may lower endometrial cancer risk by reducing estrogen exposure.This meta-analysis aims to delve into the existing population-based longitudinal studies to evaluate the association between the time elapsed since the last birth and the risk of endometrial cancer. Methods and analysis We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for cohort studies published up to June 21, 2024, using relevant medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata version 14.0. A fixed-effects model was applied if P > 0.1 and I 2 ≤ 50%; otherwise, a random-effects model was used to account for significant heterogeneity Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Our meta-analysis included 3 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies with a total of 3,310,734 participants, published between 1994 and 2024. The analysis revealed that time since last birth is associated with endometrial cancer risk. Specifically, a period of 0–10 years since the last birth was linked to a reduced risk of endometrial cancer (OR= 0.431; 95% CI: 0.351–0.530). A period of 10–20 years since the last birth also showed a decreased risk (OR=0.867; 95% CI:0.747–1.007), whereas more than 20 years since the last birth was associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.304; 95% CI: 1.111–1.530). Conclusions Our meta-analysis indicates that a shorter time since the last birth is protective against endometrial cancer, whereas a longer interval increases risk. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this association. These findings are crucial for developing new strategies for endometrial cancer prevention and treatment. IntroductionEndometrial cancer, an adenocarcinoma originating from the uterine lining, is the most prevalent cancer of the female genital tract globally.Identifying early risk factors for endometrial cancer is crucial for prevention.Prior research suggests that pregnancy may lower endometrial cancer risk by reducing estrogen exposure.This meta-analysis aims to delve into the existing population-based longitudinal studies to evaluate the association between the time elapsed since the last birth and the risk of endometrial cancer.Methods and analysisWe searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for cohort studies published up to June 21, 2024, using relevant medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata version 14.0. A fixed-effects model was applied if P > 0.1 and I2 ≤ 50%; otherwise, a random-effects model was used to account for significant heterogeneity Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Our meta-analysis included 3 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies with a total of 3,310,734 participants, published between 1994 and 2024. The analysis revealed that time since last birth is associated with endometrial cancer risk. Specifically, a period of 0–10 years since the last birth was linked to a reduced risk of endometrial cancer (OR= 0.431; 95% CI: 0.351–0.530). A period of 10–20 years since the last birth also showed a decreased risk (OR=0.867; 95% CI:0.747–1.007), whereas more than 20 years since the last birth was associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.304; 95% CI: 1.111–1.530).ConclusionsOur meta-analysis indicates that a shorter time since the last birth is protective against endometrial cancer, whereas a longer interval increases risk. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this association. These findings are crucial for developing new strategies for endometrial cancer prevention and treatment. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Gu, Juan Shou, Huafeng Wang, Liping Lai, Yuchen |
| AuthorAffiliation | Imperial College London, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND 1 Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital and People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 3 Department of nursing, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital and People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 2 Center for General Practice Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital and People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Center for General Practice Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital and People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China – name: 3 Department of nursing, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital and People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China – name: 1 Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital and People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China – name: Imperial College London, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Juan orcidid: 0000-0001-8723-1044 surname: Gu fullname: Gu, Juan organization: Department of nursing, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Yuchen surname: Lai fullname: Lai, Yuchen organization: Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Huafeng surname: Shou fullname: Shou, Huafeng organization: Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Liping surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Liping organization: Department of nursing, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40627605$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | Copyright: © 2025 Gu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. COPYRIGHT 2025 Public Library of Science 2025 Gu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2025 Gu et al 2025 Gu et al 2025 Gu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
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| Snippet | Endometrial cancer, an adenocarcinoma originating from the uterine lining, is the most prevalent cancer of the female genital tract globally.Identifying early... Introduction Endometrial cancer, an adenocarcinoma originating from the uterine lining, is the most prevalent cancer of the female genital tract... IntroductionEndometrial cancer, an adenocarcinoma originating from the uterine lining, is the most prevalent cancer of the female genital tract... Introduction Endometrial cancer, an adenocarcinoma originating from the uterine lining, is the most prevalent cancer of the female genital tract... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adenocarcinoma Bias Biology and Life Sciences Birth Cancer Case-Control Studies Childbirth Childbirth & labor Cohort analysis Endometrial cancer Endometrial Neoplasms - epidemiology Endometrial Neoplasms - etiology Endometrium Estrogens Female Genital tract Health aspects Health risks Heterogeneity Humans Influence Longitudinal studies Medicine and Health Sciences Meta-analysis Observational studies Observational Studies as Topic Physical Sciences Population studies Pregnancy Prevention Research and Analysis Methods Risk Factors Risk management Risk reduction Science Policy Sensitivity analysis Software Statistical analysis Time Factors Uterine cancer |
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| Title | Time since last birth and the risk of endometrial cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40627605 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3228425230 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3228522433 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12237066 https://doaj.org/article/003c5d1099ea48e885bcfcbdeeef6ef9 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325907 |
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