In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory and Antidepressant-like Effects of Cannabis sativa L. Extracts
L. has been widely used by humans for centuries for various purposes, such as industrial, ceremonial, medicinal, and food. The bioactive components of L. can be classified into two main groups: cannabinoids and terpenes. These bioactive components of L. leaf and inflorescence extracts were analyzed....
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| Published in | Plants (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 12; p. 1619 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
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MDPI AG
12.06.2024
MDPI |
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| Abstract | L. has been widely used by humans for centuries for various purposes, such as industrial, ceremonial, medicinal, and food. The bioactive components of
L. can be classified into two main groups: cannabinoids and terpenes. These bioactive components of
L. leaf and inflorescence extracts were analyzed. Mice were systemically administered 30 mg/kg of
L. leaf extract 1 h before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and behavioral tests were performed. We conducted an investigation into the oxygen saturation, oxygen tension, and degranulation of mast cells (MCs) in the deep cervical lymph nodes (DCLNs). To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of
L. extracts in BV2 microglial cells, we assessed nitrite production and the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The main bioactive components of the
L. extracts were THCA (a cannabinoid) and β-caryophyllene (a terpene).
L. leaf extract reduced the immobility time in the forced swimming test and increased sucrose preference in the LPS model, without affecting the total distance and time in the center in the open field test. Additionally,
L. leaf extract improved oxygen levels and inhibited the degranulation of MCs in DCLNs. The
L. extracts inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, nitrite, iNOS, and COX-2 expression in BV2 microglia cells. The efficacy of
L. extracts was suggested to be due to the entourage effect of various bioactive phytochemicals. Our findings indicate that these extracts have the potential to be used as effective treatments for a variety of diseases associated with acute inflammatory responses. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Cannabis sativa L. has been widely used by humans for centuries for various purposes, such as industrial, ceremonial, medicinal, and food. The bioactive components of Cannabis sativa L. can be classified into two main groups: cannabinoids and terpenes. These bioactive components of Cannabis sativa L. leaf and inflorescence extracts were analyzed. Mice were systemically administered 30 mg/kg of Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract 1 h before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and behavioral tests were performed. We conducted an investigation into the oxygen saturation, oxygen tension, and degranulation of mast cells (MCs) in the deep cervical lymph nodes (DCLNs). To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Cannabis sativa L. extracts in BV2 microglial cells, we assessed nitrite production and the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The main bioactive components of the Cannabis sativa L. extracts were THCA (a cannabinoid) and β-caryophyllene (a terpene). Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract reduced the immobility time in the forced swimming test and increased sucrose preference in the LPS model, without affecting the total distance and time in the center in the open field test. Additionally, Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract improved oxygen levels and inhibited the degranulation of MCs in DCLNs. The Cannabis sativa L. extracts inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, nitrite, iNOS, and COX-2 expression in BV2 microglia cells. The efficacy of Cannabis sativa L. extracts was suggested to be due to the entourage effect of various bioactive phytochemicals. Our findings indicate that these extracts have the potential to be used as effective treatments for a variety of diseases associated with acute inflammatory responses.Cannabis sativa L. has been widely used by humans for centuries for various purposes, such as industrial, ceremonial, medicinal, and food. The bioactive components of Cannabis sativa L. can be classified into two main groups: cannabinoids and terpenes. These bioactive components of Cannabis sativa L. leaf and inflorescence extracts were analyzed. Mice were systemically administered 30 mg/kg of Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract 1 h before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and behavioral tests were performed. We conducted an investigation into the oxygen saturation, oxygen tension, and degranulation of mast cells (MCs) in the deep cervical lymph nodes (DCLNs). To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Cannabis sativa L. extracts in BV2 microglial cells, we assessed nitrite production and the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The main bioactive components of the Cannabis sativa L. extracts were THCA (a cannabinoid) and β-caryophyllene (a terpene). Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract reduced the immobility time in the forced swimming test and increased sucrose preference in the LPS model, without affecting the total distance and time in the center in the open field test. Additionally, Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract improved oxygen levels and inhibited the degranulation of MCs in DCLNs. The Cannabis sativa L. extracts inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, nitrite, iNOS, and COX-2 expression in BV2 microglia cells. The efficacy of Cannabis sativa L. extracts was suggested to be due to the entourage effect of various bioactive phytochemicals. Our findings indicate that these extracts have the potential to be used as effective treatments for a variety of diseases associated with acute inflammatory responses. L. has been widely used by humans for centuries for various purposes, such as industrial, ceremonial, medicinal, and food. The bioactive components of L. can be classified into two main groups: cannabinoids and terpenes. These bioactive components of L. leaf and inflorescence extracts were analyzed. Mice were systemically administered 30 mg/kg of L. leaf extract 1 h before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and behavioral tests were performed. We conducted an investigation into the oxygen saturation, oxygen tension, and degranulation of mast cells (MCs) in the deep cervical lymph nodes (DCLNs). To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of L. extracts in BV2 microglial cells, we assessed nitrite production and the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The main bioactive components of the L. extracts were THCA (a cannabinoid) and β-caryophyllene (a terpene). L. leaf extract reduced the immobility time in the forced swimming test and increased sucrose preference in the LPS model, without affecting the total distance and time in the center in the open field test. Additionally, L. leaf extract improved oxygen levels and inhibited the degranulation of MCs in DCLNs. The L. extracts inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, nitrite, iNOS, and COX-2 expression in BV2 microglia cells. The efficacy of L. extracts was suggested to be due to the entourage effect of various bioactive phytochemicals. Our findings indicate that these extracts have the potential to be used as effective treatments for a variety of diseases associated with acute inflammatory responses. Cannabis sativa L. has been widely used by humans for centuries for various purposes, such as industrial, ceremonial, medicinal, and food. The bioactive components of Cannabis sativa L. can be classified into two main groups: cannabinoids and terpenes. These bioactive components of Cannabis sativa L. leaf and inflorescence extracts were analyzed. Mice were systemically administered 30 mg/kg of Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract 1 h before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and behavioral tests were performed. We conducted an investigation into the oxygen saturation, oxygen tension, and degranulation of mast cells (MCs) in the deep cervical lymph nodes (DCLNs). To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Cannabis sativa L. extracts in BV2 microglial cells, we assessed nitrite production and the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The main bioactive components of the Cannabis sativa L. extracts were THCA (a cannabinoid) and β-caryophyllene (a terpene). Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract reduced the immobility time in the forced swimming test and increased sucrose preference in the LPS model, without affecting the total distance and time in the center in the open field test. Additionally, Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract improved oxygen levels and inhibited the degranulation of MCs in DCLNs. The Cannabis sativa L. extracts inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, nitrite, iNOS, and COX-2 expression in BV2 microglia cells. The efficacy of Cannabis sativa L. extracts was suggested to be due to the entourage effect of various bioactive phytochemicals. Our findings indicate that these extracts have the potential to be used as effective treatments for a variety of diseases associated with acute inflammatory responses. Cannabis sativa L. has been widely used by humans for centuries for various purposes, such as industrial, ceremonial, medicinal, and food. The bioactive components of Cannabis sativa L. can be classified into two main groups: cannabinoids and terpenes. These bioactive components of Cannabis sativa L. leaf and inflorescence extracts were analyzed. Mice were systemically administered 30 mg/kg of Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract 1 h before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and behavioral tests were performed. We conducted an investigation into the oxygen saturation, oxygen tension, and degranulation of mast cells (MCs) in the deep cervical lymph nodes (DCLNs). To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Cannabis sativa L. extracts in BV2 microglial cells, we assessed nitrite production and the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The main bioactive components of the Cannabis sativa L. extracts were THCA (a cannabinoid) and β-caryophyllene (a terpene). Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract reduced the immobility time in the forced swimming test and increased sucrose preference in the LPS model, without affecting the total distance and time in the center in the open field test. Additionally, Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract improved oxygen levels and inhibited the degranulation of MCs in DCLNs. The Cannabis sativa L. extracts inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, nitrite, iNOS, and COX-2 expression in BV2 microglia cells. The efficacy of Cannabis sativa L. extracts was suggested to be due to the entourage effect of various bioactive phytochemicals. Our findings indicate that these extracts have the potential to be used as effective treatments for a variety of diseases associated with acute inflammatory responses. |
| Author | Choi, Sangheon Kwon, Eunjeong Han, Dongwoon Park, A Yeong Ju, Suk Kweon, Bitna Bae, Gi-Sang Hong, Jongki Kim, Dong-Uk Shin, Joonyoung Kim, Sungchul |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; kbn306@naver.com (B.K.); ckck202@naver.com (D.-U.K.); baegs888@wku.ac.kr (G.-S.B.) 1 Institute for Global Rare Disease Network, Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; spm1219@naver.com (J.S.); heoniappa1@gmail.com (S.C.); iam-mamas@naver.com (A.Y.P.); christineju@hanmail.net (S.J.); dwhan@hanyang.ac.kr (D.H.) 4 Department of Global Health and Development, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea 5 College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; dmswjd4876@naver.com (E.K.); jhong@khu.ac.kr (J.H.) 3 Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 5 College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; dmswjd4876@naver.com (E.K.); jhong@khu.ac.kr (J.H.) – name: 1 Institute for Global Rare Disease Network, Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; spm1219@naver.com (J.S.); heoniappa1@gmail.com (S.C.); iam-mamas@naver.com (A.Y.P.); christineju@hanmail.net (S.J.); dwhan@hanyang.ac.kr (D.H.) – name: 2 Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; kbn306@naver.com (B.K.); ckck202@naver.com (D.-U.K.); baegs888@wku.ac.kr (G.-S.B.) – name: 3 Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea – name: 4 Department of Global Health and Development, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38931051$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Cannabis sativa L anti-inflammatory effect lipopolysaccharide entourage effect |
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| Snippet | L. has been widely used by humans for centuries for various purposes, such as industrial, ceremonial, medicinal, and food. The bioactive components of
L. can... Cannabis sativa L. has been widely used by humans for centuries for various purposes, such as industrial, ceremonial, medicinal, and food. The bioactive... Cannabis sativa L. has been widely used by humans for centuries for various purposes, such as industrial, ceremonial, medicinal, and food. The bioactive... |
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| SubjectTerms | Analgesics anti-inflammatory effect Antidepressants Behavior Biological activity Cannabidiol Cannabinoids Cannabis Cannabis sativa Cannabis sativa L Caryophyllene Chromatography Cyclooxygenase-2 Cytokines Degranulation entourage effect Field tests Food industry Food products In vivo methods and tests Interleukin 6 Leaves lipopolysaccharide Lipopolysaccharides Lymph nodes Marijuana Mass spectrometry Mast cells Microglia Microglial cells Nitric oxide Nitric-oxide synthase Open-field behavior Oxygen Oxygen content Oxygen saturation Oxygen tension Phytochemicals Plant extracts Scientific imaging Seeds Sucrose Terpenes Tumor necrosis factor-TNF Tumor necrosis factor-α |
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| Title | In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory and Antidepressant-like Effects of Cannabis sativa L. Extracts |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38931051 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3072660260 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3072808695/abstract/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11207413 https://doaj.org/article/6d37b457c726434d90fbb89a99fb34a5 |
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