TiO2-ZnPc nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid as a target photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy against glioblastoma cells

The use of TiO 2 as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy is limited due to TiO 2 generates reactive oxygen species only under UV irradiation. The TiO 2 surface has been modified with different functional groups to achieve activation at longer wavelengths (visible light). This work reports the s...

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Published inJournal of materials science. Materials in medicine Vol. 35; no. 1; pp. 51 - 13
Main Authors Jardón-Guadarrama, Gustavo, Manríquez-Ramírez, Ma Elena, Rodríguez-Pérez, Citlali E., Díaz-Ruiz, Araceli, de los Ángeles Martínez-Cárdenas, María, Mata-Bermudez, Alfonso, Ríos, Camilo, Ortiz-Islas, Emma
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Springer US 22.08.2024
Springer Nature B.V
Springer
Subjects
Acids
Anatase
Biocompatibility
Biomaterials
Biomaterials Synthesis and Characterization
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Cancer therapies
Cell viability
Cellular structure
Ceramics
Chemistry and Materials Science
Composites
Cytotoxicity
Folic acid
Functional groups
Glass
Glioblastoma
Glioblastoma cells
Glioma
In vitro methods and tests
Irradiation
Light microscopy
Materials Science
Microscopy
Nanoparticles
Natural Materials
Optical microscopy
Photodynamic therapy
Polymer Sciences
Reactive oxygen species
Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering
Sol-gel processes
Spectroscopy
Structural analysis
Surfaces and Interfaces
Thin Films
Titanium dioxide
Toxicity
Toxicity testing
Ultraviolet radiation
Vitamin B
Wavelengths
Zinc
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Abstract The use of TiO 2 as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy is limited due to TiO 2 generates reactive oxygen species only under UV irradiation. The TiO 2 surface has been modified with different functional groups to achieve activation at longer wavelengths (visible light). This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and biological toxicity assay of TiO 2 nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid and combined with a zinc phthalocyanine to obtain a nano-photosensitizer for its application in photodynamic therapy for glioblastoma cancer treatment. The nano-photosensitizer was prepared using the sol-gel method. Folic acid and zinc phthalocyanine were added during the hydrolysis and condensation of titanium butoxide, which was the TiO 2 precursor. The samples obtained were characterized by several microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. An in vitro toxicity test was performed using the MTT assay and the C6 cellular line. The results of the characterization showed that the structure of the nanoparticles corresponds mainly to the anatase phase. Successful functionalization with folic acid and an excellent combination with phthalocyanine was also achieved. Both folic acid-functionalized TiO 2 and phthalocyanine-functionalized TiO 2 had no cytotoxic effect on C6 cells (even at high concentrations) in comparison to Cis-Pt, which was very toxic to C6 cells. The materials behaved similarly to the control (untreated cells). The cell viability and light microscopy images suggest that both materials could be considered biocompatible and mildly phototoxic in these cells when activated by light. Graphical Abstract
AbstractList Abstract The use of TiO2 as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy is limited due to TiO2 generates reactive oxygen species only under UV irradiation. The TiO2 surface has been modified with different functional groups to achieve activation at longer wavelengths (visible light). This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and biological toxicity assay of TiO2 nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid and combined with a zinc phthalocyanine to obtain a nano-photosensitizer for its application in photodynamic therapy for glioblastoma cancer treatment. The nano-photosensitizer was prepared using the sol-gel method. Folic acid and zinc phthalocyanine were added during the hydrolysis and condensation of titanium butoxide, which was the TiO2 precursor. The samples obtained were characterized by several microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. An in vitro toxicity test was performed using the MTT assay and the C6 cellular line. The results of the characterization showed that the structure of the nanoparticles corresponds mainly to the anatase phase. Successful functionalization with folic acid and an excellent combination with phthalocyanine was also achieved. Both folic acid-functionalized TiO2 and phthalocyanine-functionalized TiO2 had no cytotoxic effect on C6 cells (even at high concentrations) in comparison to Cis-Pt, which was very toxic to C6 cells. The materials behaved similarly to the control (untreated cells). The cell viability and light microscopy images suggest that both materials could be considered biocompatible and mildly phototoxic in these cells when activated by light. Graphical Abstract
The use of TiO2 as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy is limited due to TiO2 generates reactive oxygen species only under UV irradiation. The TiO2 surface has been modified with different functional groups to achieve activation at longer wavelengths (visible light). This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and biological toxicity assay of TiO2 nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid and combined with a zinc phthalocyanine to obtain a nano-photosensitizer for its application in photodynamic therapy for glioblastoma cancer treatment. The nano-photosensitizer was prepared using the sol-gel method. Folic acid and zinc phthalocyanine were added during the hydrolysis and condensation of titanium butoxide, which was the TiO2 precursor. The samples obtained were characterized by several microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. An in vitro toxicity test was performed using the MTT assay and the C6 cellular line. The results of the characterization showed that the structure of the nanoparticles corresponds mainly to the anatase phase. Successful functionalization with folic acid and an excellent combination with phthalocyanine was also achieved. Both folic acid-functionalized TiO2 and phthalocyanine-functionalized TiO2 had no cytotoxic effect on C6 cells (even at high concentrations) in comparison to Cis-Pt, which was very toxic to C6 cells. The materials behaved similarly to the control (untreated cells). The cell viability and light microscopy images suggest that both materials could be considered biocompatible and mildly phototoxic in these cells when activated by light.The use of TiO2 as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy is limited due to TiO2 generates reactive oxygen species only under UV irradiation. The TiO2 surface has been modified with different functional groups to achieve activation at longer wavelengths (visible light). This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and biological toxicity assay of TiO2 nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid and combined with a zinc phthalocyanine to obtain a nano-photosensitizer for its application in photodynamic therapy for glioblastoma cancer treatment. The nano-photosensitizer was prepared using the sol-gel method. Folic acid and zinc phthalocyanine were added during the hydrolysis and condensation of titanium butoxide, which was the TiO2 precursor. The samples obtained were characterized by several microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. An in vitro toxicity test was performed using the MTT assay and the C6 cellular line. The results of the characterization showed that the structure of the nanoparticles corresponds mainly to the anatase phase. Successful functionalization with folic acid and an excellent combination with phthalocyanine was also achieved. Both folic acid-functionalized TiO2 and phthalocyanine-functionalized TiO2 had no cytotoxic effect on C6 cells (even at high concentrations) in comparison to Cis-Pt, which was very toxic to C6 cells. The materials behaved similarly to the control (untreated cells). The cell viability and light microscopy images suggest that both materials could be considered biocompatible and mildly phototoxic in these cells when activated by light.
The use of TiO 2 as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy is limited due to TiO 2 generates reactive oxygen species only under UV irradiation. The TiO 2 surface has been modified with different functional groups to achieve activation at longer wavelengths (visible light). This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and biological toxicity assay of TiO 2 nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid and combined with a zinc phthalocyanine to obtain a nano-photosensitizer for its application in photodynamic therapy for glioblastoma cancer treatment. The nano-photosensitizer was prepared using the sol-gel method. Folic acid and zinc phthalocyanine were added during the hydrolysis and condensation of titanium butoxide, which was the TiO 2 precursor. The samples obtained were characterized by several microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. An in vitro toxicity test was performed using the MTT assay and the C6 cellular line. The results of the characterization showed that the structure of the nanoparticles corresponds mainly to the anatase phase. Successful functionalization with folic acid and an excellent combination with phthalocyanine was also achieved. Both folic acid-functionalized TiO 2 and phthalocyanine-functionalized TiO 2 had no cytotoxic effect on C6 cells (even at high concentrations) in comparison to Cis-Pt, which was very toxic to C6 cells. The materials behaved similarly to the control (untreated cells). The cell viability and light microscopy images suggest that both materials could be considered biocompatible and mildly phototoxic in these cells when activated by light. Graphical Abstract
The use of TiO2 as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy is limited due to TiO2 generates reactive oxygen species only under UV irradiation. The TiO2 surface has been modified with different functional groups to achieve activation at longer wavelengths (visible light). This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and biological toxicity assay of TiO2 nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid and combined with a zinc phthalocyanine to obtain a nano-photosensitizer for its application in photodynamic therapy for glioblastoma cancer treatment. The nano-photosensitizer was prepared using the sol-gel method. Folic acid and zinc phthalocyanine were added during the hydrolysis and condensation of titanium butoxide, which was the TiO2 precursor. The samples obtained were characterized by several microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. An in vitro toxicity test was performed using the MTT assay and the C6 cellular line. The results of the characterization showed that the structure of the nanoparticles corresponds mainly to the anatase phase. Successful functionalization with folic acid and an excellent combination with phthalocyanine was also achieved. Both folic acid-functionalized TiO2 and phthalocyanine-functionalized TiO2 had no cytotoxic effect on C6 cells (even at high concentrations) in comparison to Cis-Pt, which was very toxic to C6 cells. The materials behaved similarly to the control (untreated cells). The cell viability and light microscopy images suggest that both materials could be considered biocompatible and mildly phototoxic in these cells when activated by light.
Author Ríos, Camilo
Jardón-Guadarrama, Gustavo
Manríquez-Ramírez, Ma Elena
Ortiz-Islas, Emma
Díaz-Ruiz, Araceli
Mata-Bermudez, Alfonso
Rodríguez-Pérez, Citlali E.
de los Ángeles Martínez-Cárdenas, María
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  givenname: Ma Elena
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  givenname: Citlali E.
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  fullname: Rodríguez-Pérez, Citlali E.
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  organization: Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Alfonso
  surname: Mata-Bermudez
  fullname: Mata-Bermudez, Alfonso
  organization: Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Camilo
  surname: Ríos
  fullname: Ríos, Camilo
  email: crios@correo.xoc.uam.mx
  organization: Jefe de la División de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco
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  givenname: Emma
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Snippet The use of TiO 2 as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy is limited due to TiO 2 generates reactive oxygen species only under UV irradiation. The TiO 2...
The use of TiO2 as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy is limited due to TiO2 generates reactive oxygen species only under UV irradiation. The TiO2...
Abstract The use of TiO2 as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy is limited due to TiO2 generates reactive oxygen species only under UV irradiation. The...
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SubjectTerms Acids
Anatase
Biocompatibility
Biomaterials
Biomaterials Synthesis and Characterization
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Cancer therapies
Cell viability
Cellular structure
Ceramics
Chemistry and Materials Science
Composites
Cytotoxicity
Folic acid
Functional groups
Glass
Glioblastoma
Glioblastoma cells
Glioma
In vitro methods and tests
Irradiation
Light microscopy
Materials Science
Microscopy
Nanoparticles
Natural Materials
Optical microscopy
Photodynamic therapy
Polymer Sciences
Reactive oxygen species
Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering
Sol-gel processes
Spectroscopy
Structural analysis
Surfaces and Interfaces
Thin Films
Titanium dioxide
Toxicity
Toxicity testing
Ultraviolet radiation
Vitamin B
Wavelengths
Zinc
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Title TiO2-ZnPc nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid as a target photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy against glioblastoma cells
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