Esclaves, militaires et libéraux Les chemins de l'enseignement mutuel au Brésil (1808 - 1854)

• Published in: Paedagogica historica Vol. 41; no. 6; pp. 677 - 697
• Main Author: Camara Bastos, Maria Helena
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: French; English
• Published: Colchester Routledge 01.12.2005
• Subjects: 19. Jahrhundert; Bell-Lancaster-Methode; Bildungsgeschichte; Brasilien; Erziehungsprinzip; Geschichte (Histor); Histoire de l'enseignement et des théories pédagogiques; Histoire et philosophie de l'éducation; Lehrerbildung; Monitorsystem; Pädagogik; Schulgeschichte; Schulpädagogik; Schulreform; Sciences de l'éducation; Vereinigung; XIXe-XXe siècles; Brésil; Amérique latine; Militaire; Education; Ecole primaire; Droit; Enseignement mutuel
• ISSN: 0030-9230; 1477-674X
• DOI: 10.1080/00309230500336749

Mutual/monitorial teaching was officially introduced in Brazil under the "Decree of the First Letters" on 15 October 1827. Such a decree was the first law on National Public Instruction of the Brazilian Empire and proposed the establishment and the adoption of the Lancasterian approach in elementary schools. This study analyses the beginning of the mutual/ monitorial teaching in Brazil between 1815 and 1827 and the political-administrative obstacles to its implementation from 1827. Such an approach was influenced by the Société pour l'instruction élémentaire , founded in France in 1815 to promote the diffusion of mutual teaching. It also analyses the teachers' formation based on the theoretical and practical principles of the mutual/monitorial teaching as explained in Baron de Gérando's book, widely diffused in Latin America, Cours Normal des instituteurs primaires, ou Directions relatives à l'Education Physique, Morale et Intellectuelle dans les Ecoles Primaires (1832).