Study on failure/fracture mechanisms of 3D printed objects by FDM with AE method (Evaluation by using Empirical Mode Decomposition and Chaos analysis)
The 3D printer using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is attracting attention as a manufacturing technology that is able to reduce the production time and the manufacturing costs. However, the information on the mechanical properties and the process parameters that affect to the safety and the reliab...
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| Published in | Kikai Gakkai ronbunshū = Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Vol. 90; no. 930; p. 23-00271 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
2024
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| Subjects | |
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| Abstract | The 3D printer using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is attracting attention as a manufacturing technology that is able to reduce the production time and the manufacturing costs. However, the information on the mechanical properties and the process parameters that affect to the safety and the reliability of the shaped object is less than that for metallic materials. Therefore, it is desirable to detect and evaluate the phenomena such as “Craze occurrence/growth” and “In- or Inter-layer failure/fracture”. In this study, tensile tests were conducted to the two type specimens with different stacking directions. Then, it was attempted to extract the characteristics of those phenomena from the results of chaos analysis of AE signals detected during the test. The following findings were made clear. (1) The frequency ranges that characterize the respective phenomena were determined. (2) The chaos parameters of AE waveforms in which the signals were separated into the frequency range of each phenomenon using the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), enabled the characteristics of that phenomenon. (3) Differences in stacking direction affect the chaotic characteristics of AE waveforms emitted by each phenomenon. |
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| AbstractList | The 3D printer using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is attracting attention as a manufacturing technology that is able to reduce the production time and the manufacturing costs. However, the information on the mechanical properties and the process parameters that affect to the safety and the reliability of the shaped object is less than that for metallic materials. Therefore, it is desirable to detect and evaluate the phenomena such as “Craze occurrence/growth” and “In- or Inter-layer failure/fracture”. In this study, tensile tests were conducted to the two type specimens with different stacking directions. Then, it was attempted to extract the characteristics of those phenomena from the results of chaos analysis of AE signals detected during the test. The following findings were made clear. (1) The frequency ranges that characterize the respective phenomena were determined. (2) The chaos parameters of AE waveforms in which the signals were separated into the frequency range of each phenomenon using the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), enabled the characteristics of that phenomenon. (3) Differences in stacking direction affect the chaotic characteristics of AE waveforms emitted by each phenomenon. |
| Author | TSUJII, Koki TAKUMA, Masanori SATO, Tomohiro NIKI, Yutaka SAITOH, Ken-ichi TAKAHASHI, Yoshimasa |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: TAKUMA, Masanori organization: Kansai Univ. of Faculty of Engineering Science – sequence: 2 fullname: TSUJII, Koki organization: Kansai Univ. of Graduate School of Science and Engineering – sequence: 3 fullname: SAITOH, Ken-ichi organization: Kansai Univ. of Faculty of Engineering Science – sequence: 4 fullname: TAKAHASHI, Yoshimasa organization: Kansai Univ. of Faculty of Engineering Science – sequence: 5 fullname: SATO, Tomohiro organization: Kansai Univ. of Faculty of Engineering Science – sequence: 6 fullname: NIKI, Yutaka organization: Kansai Univ. of Dept. of Mechanical Engineering |
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Narisawa, I., Special Issue “Deformation and Fracture of Polymers” Deformation Mechanisms and Fracture Theory of Polymers, The Society of Polymer Science, Japan, Vol.42, No.5 (1993), pp.384-388 (in Japanese). Nature 3D Difference between crystalline and non-crystalline resins - From 3D printer's perspective -, <https://nature3d.net/explanation/cr-am.html>, Copyright (C) 2023 Nature3D All Rights Reserved, (accessed on 14 November, 2023) (in Japanese). Takahashi, S. and Kodama, K., Strength Evaluation and Infill Structure Design of Objects by 3D Printing, Ishinomaki Senshu University Research Bulletin, No.31, (2020-3), pp.9-16 (in Japanese). Tsunooka, M. and Shirai, M., New Developments in Polymer Crosslinking and Degradation, CMC Publishing Co., Ltd. (2007) (in Japanese). Tsuruta, N., Tsuge, Y., Maeda, T., Nakaoki, T. and Hayashi, H., Micromechanism of Fracture of Engineering Plastics，KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU，Vol.54, No.4 (1997), pp.199-208 (in Japanese). Kuznetsov, V. E., Solonin, A. N., Urzhumtsev, O. D., Schilling, R. and Tavitov, A. G., Strength of PLA Components Fabricated with Fused Deposition Technology Using a Desktop 3D Printer as a Function of Geometrical Parameters of the Process, Polymers for Modern and Advanced Engineering Applications, (2018). Conway, K. M. and Pataky, G. J., Crazing in additively manufactured acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 211 (2019), pp.114-124. Inoue, H., Waveles Extending the Frontiers of Ultrasonic Evaluation of Materials (Review)，Journal of the Society of Materials Science Japan, Vol. 45, No. 12 (1996), pp.1353-1354 (in Japanese). Somiya. S., Asano. T. and Sugiyama. T., Relationship between Frequency Distribution Characteristics of Acoustic Emission and Fracture Mechanisms on AFRP (2nd Report, Analysis of Frequency Distribution by Weighted Mean Frequency Distribution Method), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A, Vol.62, No.598 (1996-6), pp.1376-1381(in Japanese). Kobayashi, S., Yasunaga, W. and Osada, T., Effect of Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Continuous Crabon Fiber Reinforced Composites, Journal of the Japan Society for Composite Materials, Vol.45, No.4 (2019), pp.135-140 (in Japanese). Aihara, K., Ikeguch, T., Yamada, Y. and Komuro, M., Fundamentals and Applications of Chaotic Time Series Analysis, Sangyo Tosho Publishing Co., Ltd. (2000) (in Japanese). Huang, N. E., Shen, Z., Long, S. R., Wu, M. C., Shih, H. H., Zheng, Q., Yen, N., Tung, C. C. and Liu, H. H., The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, Vol.454 (1998), pp903-995. Behzadnasab, M. and Yousefi, A. A., Effects of 3D printer nozzle head temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of PLA based product, 12th International Seminar on Polymer Science and Technology, 2-5 November 2016, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Christiyan, K. G. J., Chandrasekhar, U. and Venkateswarlu, K., A study on the influence of process parameters on the Mechanical Properties of 3D printed ABS composite, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 114 (2016). Ohki, H. and Ezumi, T., “Lecture number 202” Consideration on the Crazing and Crack-Progress Behavior under Tensile Load, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Tohoku Branch, Vol. 2002 (2002) (in Japanese). Honma, S., Polycarbonate Resin Handbook, Nikkan Kogyo Shinbun, Ltd. (1992) (in Japanese). Otsuka, J., Non-Stationary and Nonlinear Signal Analysis by Hilbert-Huang Transform, Civil Engineering Reserch Institute for Cold Region “Montly Report”, No.703 (2011-12), pp.39-44 (in Japanese). Bukkapatnam, S. T. S., Lakhtakia, A. and Kumara, S. R. T., Analysis of sensor signals shows turning on a lathe exhibits low-dimensional chaos, Physical Review, 52-3, E (1995), pp.2375-2387. Yao, T., Ye, J., Deng, Z., Zhang, K., Ma, Y. and Ouyang, H., Tensile failure strength and separation angle of FDM 3D printing PLA material: Experimental and theoretical analyses, Composites Part B, No. 188 (2020). Takahashi, S., Kii, K. and Ezumi, T., A Study on Craze of Near the Crack Tip in Polycarbonate, Yamanashi Lecture Thesis Collection (co-catalyzed by The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Kanto Branch and The Japan Society for Precision Engineers, 2005-10･22, Kofu), (2005), pp.27-28 (in Japanese). Schouten, J. C., Takens, F. and Bleek, C. M., Estimation of the dimension of a noisy attractor, Physical Review, 50-3, E (1994), pp.1851-1861. Nakasa. H., Theory and Practice of Acoustic Emission, Chijinshokan Co., Ltd. (1994). The Japanese Society for Non-Destructive Inspection, “Non-Destructive Inspection Technology Series” Acoustic Emission Test I, The Japanese Society for Non-Destructive Inspection (2006) (in Japanese). |
| References_xml | – reference: Behzadnasab, M. and Yousefi, A. A., Effects of 3D printer nozzle head temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of PLA based product, 12th International Seminar on Polymer Science and Technology, 2-5 November 2016, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. – reference: Ohki, H. and Ezumi, T., “Lecture number 202” Consideration on the Crazing and Crack-Progress Behavior under Tensile Load, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Tohoku Branch, Vol. 2002 (2002) (in Japanese). – reference: Otsuka, J., Non-Stationary and Nonlinear Signal Analysis by Hilbert-Huang Transform, Civil Engineering Reserch Institute for Cold Region “Montly Report”, No.703 (2011-12), pp.39-44 (in Japanese). – reference: Bukkapatnam, S. T. S., Lakhtakia, A. and Kumara, S. R. T., Analysis of sensor signals shows turning on a lathe exhibits low-dimensional chaos, Physical Review, 52-3, E (1995), pp.2375-2387. – reference: Nature 3D Difference between crystalline and non-crystalline resins - From 3D printer's perspective -, <https://nature3d.net/explanation/cr-am.html>, Copyright (C) 2023 Nature3D All Rights Reserved, (accessed on 14 November, 2023) (in Japanese). – reference: Aihara, K., Ikeguch, T., Yamada, Y. and Komuro, M., Fundamentals and Applications of Chaotic Time Series Analysis, Sangyo Tosho Publishing Co., Ltd. (2000) (in Japanese). – reference: Iokibe, T., Chaos and Predic, Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics, Vol.7, No.3 (1995), pp.486-494 (in Japanese). – reference: Inoue, H., Waveles Extending the Frontiers of Ultrasonic Evaluation of Materials (Review)，Journal of the Society of Materials Science Japan, Vol. 45, No. 12 (1996), pp.1353-1354 (in Japanese). – reference: Narisawa, I., Special Issue “Deformation and Fracture of Polymers” Deformation Mechanisms and Fracture Theory of Polymers, The Society of Polymer Science, Japan, Vol.42, No.5 (1993), pp.384-388 (in Japanese). – reference: Yao, T., Ye, J., Deng, Z., Zhang, K., Ma, Y. and Ouyang, H., Tensile failure strength and separation angle of FDM 3D printing PLA material: Experimental and theoretical analyses, Composites Part B, No. 188 (2020). – reference: Suzuki, H., Kinjo, T., Hayashi, Y., Takemoto, H and Ono, K., Wavelet Transform of Acoustic Emission Signals, Journal of Acoustic Emission, Vol.14, No.2 (1996), pp.69-84. – reference: Conway, K. M. and Pataky, G. J., Crazing in additively manufactured acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 211 (2019), pp.114-124. – reference: Kuznetsov, V. E., Solonin, A. N., Urzhumtsev, O. D., Schilling, R. and Tavitov, A. G., Strength of PLA Components Fabricated with Fused Deposition Technology Using a Desktop 3D Printer as a Function of Geometrical Parameters of the Process, Polymers for Modern and Advanced Engineering Applications, (2018). – reference: Tsunooka, M. and Shirai, M., New Developments in Polymer Crosslinking and Degradation, CMC Publishing Co., Ltd. (2007) (in Japanese). – reference: Tsuruta, N., Tsuge, Y., Maeda, T., Nakaoki, T. and Hayashi, H., Micromechanism of Fracture of Engineering Plastics，KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU，Vol.54, No.4 (1997), pp.199-208 (in Japanese). – reference: Christiyan, K. G. J., Chandrasekhar, U. and Venkateswarlu, K., A study on the influence of process parameters on the Mechanical Properties of 3D printed ABS composite, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 114 (2016). – reference: Schouten, J. C., Takens, F. and Bleek, C. M., Estimation of the dimension of a noisy attractor, Physical Review, 50-3, E (1994), pp.1851-1861. – reference: Watanabe, T., Special Issue “3D Printers and Prosthetic Device” Development Basic Knowledge of 3D Printers, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Prosthetic and Orthotic Education, Vol.32, No.3 (2016), pp.148-153 (in Japanese). – reference: The Japanese Society for Non-Destructive Inspection, “Non-Destructive Inspection Technology Series” Acoustic Emission Test I, The Japanese Society for Non-Destructive Inspection (2006) (in Japanese). – reference: Huang, N. E., Shen, Z., Long, S. R., Wu, M. C., Shih, H. H., Zheng, Q., Yen, N., Tung, C. C. and Liu, H. H., The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, Vol.454 (1998), pp903-995. – reference: Wang, G., Chen, X. and Qiao, F., On Intrinsic Mode Function, Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis, Vol.2, No.3 (2010), pp277-293. – reference: Honma, S., Polycarbonate Resin Handbook, Nikkan Kogyo Shinbun, Ltd. (1992) (in Japanese). – reference: Takahashi, S. and Kodama, K., Strength Evaluation and Infill Structure Design of Objects by 3D Printing, Ishinomaki Senshu University Research Bulletin, No.31, (2020-3), pp.9-16 (in Japanese). – reference: Kobayashi, S., Yasunaga, W. and Osada, T., Effect of Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Continuous Crabon Fiber Reinforced Composites, Journal of the Japan Society for Composite Materials, Vol.45, No.4 (2019), pp.135-140 (in Japanese). – reference: Honma, S., Practical strength and durability of plastics, Japan Plastics, Vol.55 No.3 (2004), pp.87-96 (in Japanese). – reference: Nakasa. H., Theory and Practice of Acoustic Emission, Chijinshokan Co., Ltd. (1994). – reference: Somiya. S., Asano. T. and Sugiyama. T., Relationship between Frequency Distribution Characteristics of Acoustic Emission and Fracture Mechanisms on AFRP (2nd Report, Analysis of Frequency Distribution by Weighted Mean Frequency Distribution Method), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A, Vol.62, No.598 (1996-6), pp.1376-1381(in Japanese). – reference: Takahashi, S., Kii, K. and Ezumi, T., A Study on Craze of Near the Crack Tip in Polycarbonate, Yamanashi Lecture Thesis Collection (co-catalyzed by The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Kanto Branch and The Japan Society for Precision Engineers, 2005-10･22, Kofu), (2005), pp.27-28 (in Japanese). |
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| SubjectTerms | 3D printer Acoustic Emission Chaos analysis Empirical Mode Decomposition Fused Deposition Modeling |
| Title | Study on failure/fracture mechanisms of 3D printed objects by FDM with AE method (Evaluation by using Empirical Mode Decomposition and Chaos analysis) |
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