Non-isothermal reduction kinetics and mechanisms by hydrogen of CuAl spinel solid solution
The non-isothermal reduction kinetics by hydrogen of CuAl spinel solid solution was investigated using H2 temperature-programmed reduction at different heating rates methodology. The reduction process consists of four stages in terms of the reduction degree (α), corresponding to the reduction of non...
Saved in:
Published in | Catalysis communications Vol. 173; p. 106570 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Elsevier B.V
01.01.2023
Elsevier |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | The non-isothermal reduction kinetics by hydrogen of CuAl spinel solid solution was investigated using H2 temperature-programmed reduction at different heating rates methodology. The reduction process consists of four stages in terms of the reduction degree (α), corresponding to the reduction of non-spinel Cu2+, easily reducible spinel Cu2+, hardly reducible spinel Cu2+ (I), and hardly reducible spinel Cu2+ (II). The activation energy was between 83.2 and 122.1 kJ mol−1 when α < 0.72, but increased sharply to ∼500 kJ mol−1 at α = 0.95, leading to different reduction mechanisms for these Cu2+ species. Furthermore, the phase transformation, spinel structure evolution, as well as reduction mechanism were investigated.
•Non-isothermal reduction kinetics of Cu-Al spinel solid solution are investigated.•The reduction process contains four stages in terms of the reduction degree.•High activation energy evidences low reducibility of hardly-reducible spinel Cu2+.•Different kinetic models are suitable to the reduction of different copper species.•Dynamic changes of both active Cu metal and Cu-Al spinel structure. |
---|---|
AbstractList | The non-isothermal reduction kinetics by hydrogen of CuAl spinel solid solution was investigated using H2 temperature-programmed reduction at different heating rates methodology. The reduction process consists of four stages in terms of the reduction degree (α), corresponding to the reduction of non-spinel Cu2+, easily reducible spinel Cu2+, hardly reducible spinel Cu2+ (I), and hardly reducible spinel Cu2+ (II). The activation energy was between 83.2 and 122.1 kJ mol−1 when α < 0.72, but increased sharply to ∼500 kJ mol−1 at α = 0.95, leading to different reduction mechanisms for these Cu2+ species. Furthermore, the phase transformation, spinel structure evolution, as well as reduction mechanism were investigated.
•Non-isothermal reduction kinetics of Cu-Al spinel solid solution are investigated.•The reduction process contains four stages in terms of the reduction degree.•High activation energy evidences low reducibility of hardly-reducible spinel Cu2+.•Different kinetic models are suitable to the reduction of different copper species.•Dynamic changes of both active Cu metal and Cu-Al spinel structure. The non-isothermal reduction kinetics by hydrogen of CuAl spinel solid solution was investigated using H2 temperature-programmed reduction at different heating rates methodology. The reduction process consists of four stages in terms of the reduction degree (α), corresponding to the reduction of non-spinel Cu2+, easily reducible spinel Cu2+, hardly reducible spinel Cu2+ (I), and hardly reducible spinel Cu2+ (II). The activation energy was between 83.2 and 122.1 kJ mol−1 when α < 0.72, but increased sharply to ∼500 kJ mol−1 at α = 0.95, leading to different reduction mechanisms for these Cu2+ species. Furthermore, the phase transformation, spinel structure evolution, as well as reduction mechanism were investigated. |
ArticleNumber | 106570 |
Author | Zhang, Liang-Liang Xue, Cai-Long Hou, Xiao-Ning Gao, Zhi-Xian Kang, He-Fei Yuan, Li-Jing Zhang, Lei Liu, Ya-Jie |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ya-Jie surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Ya-Jie email: liuyj20@126.com organization: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China – sequence: 2 givenname: He-Fei surname: Kang fullname: Kang, He-Fei organization: Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Liang-Liang surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Liang-Liang organization: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Cai-Long surname: Xue fullname: Xue, Cai-Long organization: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Li-Jing surname: Yuan fullname: Yuan, Li-Jing organization: Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Xiao-Ning surname: Hou fullname: Hou, Xiao-Ning organization: Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030001, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Lei surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Lei organization: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Zhi-Xian surname: Gao fullname: Gao, Zhi-Xian organization: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China |
BookMark | eNotkNtKAzEQhoMoWA9v4EVeYGsO3WRzI5TioSB6ozfehGwysam7iSRboW9var2Zf_iZ-Zj5L9BpTBEQuqFkTgkVt9u5NZNN45wRxqolWklO0Ix2kjdckfa09q0QjeRCnqOLUrakrimuZujjJcUmlDRtII9mwBnczk4hRfwVIkzBFmyiwyPYjYmhjAX3e7zZu5w-IeLk8Wq3HHD5rsNV0hDcoe4OhCt05s1Q4PpfL9H7w_3b6ql5fn1cr5bPjaOMkgaM4J2kYL2yHeNECCs7Sm0voJUdkYQbR9WCAGXeMSLAKEassF44YUWv-CVaH7kuma3-zmE0ea-TCfrPSPlTm1w_GUAbYB2YyiWtXzjVKy8XkvjWKwnQy0Vl3R1ZUA_-CZB1sQGiBRcy2KkSg6ZEH1LXW31MXR9S18fU-S9KV3sw |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2022 The Author(s) |
Copyright_xml | – notice: 2022 The Author(s) |
DBID | 6I. AAFTH DOA |
DOI | 10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106570 |
DatabaseName | ScienceDirect Open Access Titles Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
DatabaseTitleList | |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Chemistry |
EISSN | 1873-3905 |
ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_ae28eae5705f4d9b9f7470f5f97eeb74 S1566736722001753 |
GroupedDBID | --K --M .~1 0R~ 1B1 1~. 1~5 29B 4.4 457 4G. 5GY 5VS 6I. 7-5 71M 8P~ AABNK AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAFTH AAFWJ AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AAXUO ABFNM ABMAC ABNUV ABXDB ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFS ACRLP ADBBV ADEWK ADEZE ADMUD AEBSH AEKER AENEX AFKWA AFPKN AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHPOS AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV AKURH ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BKOJK BLXMC CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD ENUVR EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-Q GBLVA GROUPED_DOAJ HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W KOM M41 MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OK1 OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG ROL RPZ SDF SDG SES SEW SPC SPCBC SSG SSZ T5K UHS ~G- 0SF AAXKI ADVLN AFJKZ AKRWK |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-d1210-ea63871ecf9c823066c7811cb6e5780703ad1940e12fd206ea920c6cf6d6c6b93 |
IEDL.DBID | DOA |
ISSN | 1566-7367 |
IngestDate | Fri Oct 04 13:14:32 EDT 2024 Fri Feb 23 02:38:32 EST 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Keywords | Non-isothermal Reduction kinetics Structure evolution Mechanisms CuAl spinel solid solution |
Language | English |
License | This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-d1210-ea63871ecf9c823066c7811cb6e5780703ad1940e12fd206ea920c6cf6d6c6b93 |
OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/ae28eae5705f4d9b9f7470f5f97eeb74 |
ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_ae28eae5705f4d9b9f7470f5f97eeb74 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_catcom_2022_106570 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | January 2023 2023-01-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2023-01-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 01 year: 2023 text: January 2023 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationTitle | Catalysis communications |
PublicationYear | 2023 |
Publisher | Elsevier B.V Elsevier |
Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier B.V – name: Elsevier |
References | Akahira, Sunose (bb0060) 1971; 16 Liu, Qing, Hou, Qin, Wang, Gao, Xiang (bb0010) 2017; 7 Yang, Choi, Liu, Hrbek, Rodriguez (bb0110) 2010; 114 Khawam, Flanagan (bb0075) 2006; 95 Vyazovkin, Burnham, Criado, Pérez-Maqueda, Popescu, Sbirrazzuoli (bb0065) 2011; 520 Murray, White (bb0055) 1955; 54 Coats, Redfern (bb0070) 1964; 201 Bond (bb0105) 1962 Hossain, Ahmed (bb0025) 2013; 91 Khawam, Flanagan (bb0090) 2006; 110 Furuhashi, Inagaki, Naka (bb0145) 1973; 35 Sepúlveda, Márquez, Rodríguez-Ramos, Guerrero-Ruíz, Fierro (bb0020) 1993; 20 Homma, Ogata, Koga, Matsumoto (bb0085) 2005; 60 Šesták, Berggren (bb0095) 1971; 3 Kanervo, Krause (bb0035) 2001; 105 Janković, Adnađević, Mentus (bb0100) 2008; 63 Janković, Adnađević, Mentus (bb0125) 2007; 456 Liu, Qing, Hou, Qin, Wang, Gao, Xiang (bb0015) 2018; 10 Xi, Hou, Liu, Qing, Gao (bb0005) 2014; 53 Tamhankar, Gokarn, Doraiswamy (bb0120) 1981; 36 Starink (bb0045) 2003; 404 Simentsova, Khasin, Davydova, Yurieva (bb0030) 2004; 82 Ginstling, Brounshtein (bb0130) 1950; 23 Liu, Qing, Hou, Zhang, Gao, Xiang (bb0080) 2020; 48 Shannon (bb0140) 1976; 32 Liu, Kang, Hou, Qing, Zhang, Gao, Xiang (bb0135) 2022; 122043 Yu, Guo, Preisser, Akolkar (bb0115) 2013; 160 Flynn, Wall (bb0050) 1966; 4 Friedman (bb0040) 1963; 6 |
References_xml | – volume: 23 start-page: 1327 year: 1950 end-page: 1338 ident: bb0130 article-title: Concerning the diffusion kinetics of reactions in spherical particles publication-title: J. Appl. Chem. USSR contributor: fullname: Brounshtein – volume: 53 start-page: 11886 year: 2014 end-page: 11889 ident: bb0005 article-title: Cu-Al spinel oxide as an efficient catalyst for methanol steam reforming publication-title: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. contributor: fullname: Gao – volume: 60 start-page: 4971 year: 2005 end-page: 4980 ident: bb0085 article-title: Gas-solid reaction model for a shrinking spherical particle with unreacted shrinking core publication-title: Chem. Eng. Sci. contributor: fullname: Matsumoto – volume: 35 start-page: 3009 year: 1973 end-page: 3014 ident: bb0145 article-title: Determination of cation distribution in spinels by X-ray diffraction method publication-title: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. contributor: fullname: Naka – volume: 4 start-page: 323 year: 1966 end-page: 328 ident: bb0050 article-title: A quick, direct method for the determination of activation energy from thermogravimetric data publication-title: J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Lett. contributor: fullname: Wall – volume: 10 start-page: 5698 year: 2018 end-page: 5706 ident: bb0015 article-title: Cu-Ni-Al spinel oxide as an efficient durable catalyst for methanol steam reforming publication-title: ChemCatChem contributor: fullname: Xiang – volume: 48 start-page: 338 year: 2020 end-page: 348 ident: bb0080 article-title: Synthesis of Cu-Al spinels and its non-isothermal formation kinetics analysis publication-title: J. Fuel Chem. Technol. contributor: fullname: Xiang – volume: 63 start-page: 567 year: 2008 end-page: 575 ident: bb0100 article-title: The kinetic study of temperature-programmed reduction of nickel oxide in hydrogen atmosphere publication-title: Chem. Eng. Sci. contributor: fullname: Mentus – volume: 6 start-page: 183 year: 1963 end-page: 195 ident: bb0040 article-title: Kinetics of thermal degradation of char-forming plastics from thermogravimetry-application to a phenolic plastic publication-title: J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Symp. contributor: fullname: Friedman – start-page: 1573 year: 1962 end-page: 1577 ident: bb0105 article-title: Thermogravimetric study of the kinetics of the reduction of cupric oxide by hydrogen publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. contributor: fullname: Bond – volume: 36 start-page: 1365 year: 1981 end-page: 1372 ident: bb0120 article-title: Studies in solid-solid reactions: autocatalysis in the reduction of cuprous chloride by silicon publication-title: Chem. Eng. Sci. contributor: fullname: Doraiswamy – volume: 160 start-page: 3004 year: 2013 end-page: 3008 ident: bb0115 article-title: Autocatalysis during electroless copper deposition using glyoxylic acid as reducing agent publication-title: J. Electrochem. Soc. contributor: fullname: Akolkar – volume: 54 start-page: 204 year: 1955 end-page: 238 ident: bb0055 article-title: Kinetics of the thermal dehydration of clays. Part IV. Interpretation of the differential thermal analysis of the clay minerals publication-title: Trans. Br. Ceram. Soc. contributor: fullname: White – volume: 7 start-page: 5069 year: 2017 end-page: 5078 ident: bb0010 article-title: Temperature dependence of Cu-Al spinel formation and its catalytic performance in methanol steam reforming publication-title: Catal. Sci. Technol. contributor: fullname: Xiang – volume: 201 start-page: 68 year: 1964 end-page: 69 ident: bb0070 article-title: Kinetic parameters from thermogravimetric data publication-title: Nature contributor: fullname: Redfern – volume: 95 start-page: 472 year: 2006 end-page: 498 ident: bb0075 article-title: Basics and applications of solid-state kinetics: a pharmaceutical perspective publication-title: J. Pharm. Sci. contributor: fullname: Flanagan – volume: 16 start-page: 22 year: 1971 end-page: 31 ident: bb0060 article-title: Method of determining activation deterioration constant of electrical insulating materials publication-title: Res. Rep. Chiba. Inst. Technol. (Sci. Technol.) contributor: fullname: Sunose – volume: 122043 start-page: 1 year: 2022 end-page: 38 ident: bb0135 article-title: Sustained release catalysis: dynamic copper releasing from stoichiometric spinel CuAl publication-title: Appl. Catal. B Environ. contributor: fullname: Xiang – volume: 105 start-page: 9778 year: 2001 end-page: 9784 ident: bb0035 article-title: Kinetic analysis of temperature-programmed reduction: behavior of a CrO publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. B contributor: fullname: Krause – volume: 20 start-page: 1067 year: 1993 end-page: 1074 ident: bb0020 article-title: Spectroscopic studies of surface copper spinels. Influence of pretreatments on chemical state of copper publication-title: Surf. Interface Anal. contributor: fullname: Fierro – volume: 82 start-page: 355 year: 2004 end-page: 361 ident: bb0030 article-title: Kinetics of the medium-temperature reduction of copper chromite with hydrogen publication-title: React. Kinet. Catal. Lett. contributor: fullname: Yurieva – volume: 110 start-page: 17315 year: 2006 end-page: 17328 ident: bb0090 article-title: Solid-state kinetic models: basics and mathematical fundamentals publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. B contributor: fullname: Flanagan – volume: 114 start-page: 17042 year: 2010 end-page: 17050 ident: bb0110 article-title: Autocatalytic reduction of a Cu publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. C contributor: fullname: Rodriguez – volume: 91 start-page: 1450 year: 2013 end-page: 1458 ident: bb0025 article-title: Cu-based mixed metal oxide catalysts for WGSR: reduction kinetics and catalytic activity publication-title: Can. J. Chem. Eng. contributor: fullname: Ahmed – volume: 404 start-page: 163 year: 2003 end-page: 176 ident: bb0045 article-title: The determination of activation energy from linear heating rate experiments: a comparison of the accuracy of isoconversion methods publication-title: Thermochim. Acta contributor: fullname: Starink – volume: 3 start-page: 1 year: 1971 end-page: 12 ident: bb0095 article-title: Study of the kinetics of the mechanism of solid-state reactions at increasing temperatures publication-title: Thermochim. Acta contributor: fullname: Berggren – volume: 520 start-page: 1 year: 2011 end-page: 19 ident: bb0065 article-title: ICTAC kinetics committee recommendations for performing kinetic computations on thermal analysis data publication-title: Thermochim. Acta contributor: fullname: Sbirrazzuoli – volume: 32 start-page: 751 year: 1976 end-page: 767 ident: bb0140 article-title: Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomie distances publication-title: Acta Cryst contributor: fullname: Shannon – volume: 456 start-page: 48 year: 2007 end-page: 55 ident: bb0125 article-title: The kinetic analysis of non-isothermal nickel oxide reduction in hydrogen atmosphere using the invariant kinetic parameters method publication-title: Thermochim. Acta contributor: fullname: Mentus |
SSID | ssj0016939 |
Score | 2.4195864 |
Snippet | The non-isothermal reduction kinetics by hydrogen of CuAl spinel solid solution was investigated using H2 temperature-programmed reduction at different heating... |
SourceID | doaj elsevier |
SourceType | Open Website Publisher |
StartPage | 106570 |
SubjectTerms | Cu[sbnd]Al spinel solid solution CuAl spinel solid solution Mechanisms Non-isothermal Reduction kinetics Structure evolution |
SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: ScienceDirect Freedom Collection 2013 dbid: .~1 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV05T8MwFLYQCyyIU5RLHlhNEzex47FUIIREF0BCLJbjAwI0qXoMXfjtvJcDlZUpkuUcepdfku_7TMilCjK2A28ZtMecJZkZMKNEytIokV6pwEMNxnwYi7vn5P4lfdkgo44Lg7DKtvY3Nb2u1u1Iv7Vmf1oU_Ud885ADITnCgqDrRgY7LEYQ01ffvzAP1BpRtWaqEAxnd_S5GuNlodxVyEfnHIYQBdJK968tTWvLze0u2Wn7RDpsHmWPbPhyn2yNuu3ZDsjruCpZMa8JVBOYOUMNVrQy_YTGEcWXqSkdnXik9hbzyZzmK_q-crMKQoZWgY6Wwy86n8JkOFRfhaNdGB6S59ubp9EdazdKYA71v5g3kEUy9jYoiz_OhLBIILW58JCQmNTGxSqJfMyD45HwRvHIChuEE1bkanBENsuq9MeEcm6hx0AdQOUgnW2WRsHwLMp5ZnzG4x65RvvoaaOFoVGduh6oZm-6dY82nmfewL2jNCRO5RAQiYxCGpT0PpdJj8jOuvqPs-FShe5wZx-6cY9G9-jGPSf_PvOUbONO8c3XkzOyuZgt_Tn0E4v8og6YH8JDyGg priority: 102 providerName: Elsevier |
Title | Non-isothermal reduction kinetics and mechanisms by hydrogen of CuAl spinel solid solution |
URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106570 https://doaj.org/article/ae28eae5705f4d9b9f7470f5f97eeb74 |
Volume | 173 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV07T8MwELagDLAgnqI8Kg-sgcRJnHgsFVV5VQhRqWKxHD9EoE2qPoYu_HZ8cSJ1Y2GyZFlOdN-d7xLffYfQNTNJIEMtPRseEy9KRegJRmMv9qNEM2aIqZIxX4Z0MIoex_F4o9UX5IQ5emAnuFuhSaqFjhM_NpFimd08SnwTG5ZonSWOCTSIm4-p-v6AspA1hXJVNpe0B1sJleeE2CnI96hJ-jec0IZj6R-g_ToixF33JodoSxdHaLfXNGI7Rh_DsvDyRVUqNbUr58C2CvLE3zZEBJplLAqFpxqKePPFdIGzNf5cq3lplQOXBvdW3QlezOxiO5STXOFG4U7QqH__3ht4dUsETwHTl6eFtZck0NIwCVdklEooFZUZtRJKwXyFCljk64AYRXyqBSO-pNJQRSXNWHiKWkVZ6DOECZE2mgDGP6as4co09o0gqZ-RVOiUBG10B_LhM8d6wYGHupqw6PAaHf4XOm2UNNLltUt3rtpulfMmw-yLO3g4wMMdPOf_8fgLtAft4d0vk0vUWs5X-soGEcusg7ZvfoIO2un23p5fYXx4Ggw7lRb9AljRyrU |
link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,870,2115,4521,24144,27957,27958,45620,45714 |
linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LT9tAEF6l9EAvCEqrUqDdQ69L7I296z2GCBRakgtBQlxW632AaWJHCTnkwm9nxg9Erz1ZGq0fmteO7W--IeSXCjK2A28ZlMecJZkZMKNEytIokV6pwEMNxpxMxfg2-X2X3vXIqOuFQVhlm_ubnF5n61bSb7XZXxZF_wbfPORASI6wIKi6P5CPWM7j_IazlzecB5KNqJo0VQiGy7v-uRrkZSHfVdiQzjmIEAbScve_25ve7TeX-2SvLRTpsHmWA9Lz5WeyO-rmsx2S-2lVsmJdd1AtYOUKSVhRzfQvVI7IvkxN6ejCY29vsV6sab6lj1u3qsBnaBXoaDOc0_USFsOhmheOdn74hdxeXsxGY9ZOSmAOCcCYNxBGMvY2KIt_zoSw2EFqc-EhIjGqjYtVEvmYB8cj4Y3ikRU2CCesyNXgK9kpq9J_I5RzC0UGEgEqB_FsszQKhmdRzjPjMx4fkXPUj142ZBga6alrQbV60K19tPE88wbuHaUhcSoHj0hkFNKgpPe5TI6I7LSr_7E2XKrQHfDsSTfm0Wge3Zjn-3-f-ZPsjmeTa319Nf1zTD7h2PjmU8oJ2XlebfwpFBfP-Y_aeV4B5rzLiA |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Non-isothermal+reduction+kinetics+and+mechanisms+by+hydrogen+of+CuAl+spinel+solid+solution&rft.jtitle=Catalysis+communications&rft.au=Ya-Jie+Liu&rft.au=He-Fei+Kang&rft.au=Liang-Liang+Zhang&rft.au=Cai-Long+Xue&rft.date=2023-01-01&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.eissn=1873-3905&rft.volume=173&rft.spage=106570&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.catcom.2022.106570&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_ae28eae5705f4d9b9f7470f5f97eeb74 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1566-7367&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1566-7367&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1566-7367&client=summon |