Ecosystem change and stability over multiple decades in the Swedish subarctic: complex processes and multiple drivers
The subarctic environment of northernmost Sweden has changed over the past century, particularly elements of climate and cryosphere. This paper presents a unique geo-referenced record of environmental and ecosystem observations from the area since 1913. Abiotic changes have been substantial. Vegetat...
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| Published in | Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences Vol. 368; no. 1624; p. 20120488 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
The Royal Society
19.08.2013
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The subarctic environment of northernmost Sweden has changed over the past century, particularly elements of climate and cryosphere. This paper presents a unique geo-referenced record of environmental and ecosystem observations from the area since 1913. Abiotic changes have been substantial. Vegetation changes include not only increases in growth and range extension but also counterintuitive decreases, and stability: all three possible responses. Changes in species composition within the major plant communities have ranged between almost no changes to almost a 50 per cent increase in the number of species. Changes in plant species abundance also vary with particularly large increases in trees and shrubs (up to 600%). There has been an increase in abundance of aspen and large changes in other plant communities responding to wetland area increases resulting from permafrost thaw. Populations of herbivores have responded to varying management practices and climate regimes, particularly changing snow conditions. While it is difficult to generalize and scale-up the site-specific changes in ecosystems, this very site-specificity, combined with projections of change, is of immediate relevance to local stakeholders who need to adapt to new opportunities and to respond to challenges. Furthermore, the relatively small area and its unique datasets are a microcosm of the complexity of Arctic landscapes in transition that remains to be documented. |
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| AbstractList | The subarctic environment of northernmost Sweden has changed over the past century, particularly elements of climate and cryosphere. This paper presents a unique geo-referenced record of environmental and ecosystem observations from the area since 1913. Abiotic changes have been substantial. Vegetation changes include not only increases in growth and range extension but also counterintuitive decreases, and stability: all three possible responses. Changes in species composition within the major plant communities have ranged between almost no changes to almost a 50 per cent increase in the number of species. Changes in plant species abundance also vary with particularly large increases in trees and shrubs (up to 600%). There has been an increase in abundance of aspen and large changes in other plant communities responding to wetland area increases resulting from permafrost thaw. Populations of herbivores have responded to varying management practices and climate regimes, particularly changing snow conditions. While it is difficult to generalize and scale-up the site-specific changes in ecosystems, this very site-specificity, combined with projections of change, is of immediate relevance to local stakeholders who need to adapt to new opportunities and to respond to challenges. Furthermore, the relatively small area and its unique datasets are a microcosm of the complexity of Arctic landscapes in transition that remains to be documented. The subarctic environment of northernmost Sweden has changed over the past century, particularly elements of climate and cryosphere. This paper presents a unique geo-referenced record of environmental and ecosystem observations from the area since 1913. Abiotic changes have been substantial. Vegetation changes include not only increases in growth and range extension but also counterintuitive decreases, and stability: all three possible responses. Changes in species composition within the major plant communities have ranged between almost no changes to almost a 50 per cent increase in the number of species. Changes in plant species abundance also vary with particularly large increases in trees and shrubs (up to 600%). There has been an increase in abundance of aspen and large changes in other plant communities responding to wetland area increases resulting from permafrost thaw. Populations of herbivores have responded to varying management practices and climate regimes, particularly changing snow conditions. While it is difficult to generalize and scale-up the site-specific changes in ecosystems, this very site-specificity, combined with projections of change, is of immediate relevance to local stakeholders who need to adapt to new opportunities and to respond to challenges. Furthermore, the relatively small area and its unique datasets are a microcosm of the complexity of Arctic landscapes in transition that remains to be documented.The subarctic environment of northernmost Sweden has changed over the past century, particularly elements of climate and cryosphere. This paper presents a unique geo-referenced record of environmental and ecosystem observations from the area since 1913. Abiotic changes have been substantial. Vegetation changes include not only increases in growth and range extension but also counterintuitive decreases, and stability: all three possible responses. Changes in species composition within the major plant communities have ranged between almost no changes to almost a 50 per cent increase in the number of species. Changes in plant species abundance also vary with particularly large increases in trees and shrubs (up to 600%). There has been an increase in abundance of aspen and large changes in other plant communities responding to wetland area increases resulting from permafrost thaw. Populations of herbivores have responded to varying management practices and climate regimes, particularly changing snow conditions. While it is difficult to generalize and scale-up the site-specific changes in ecosystems, this very site-specificity, combined with projections of change, is of immediate relevance to local stakeholders who need to adapt to new opportunities and to respond to challenges. Furthermore, the relatively small area and its unique datasets are a microcosm of the complexity of Arctic landscapes in transition that remains to be documented. |
| Author | Jonasson, Christer Yang, Zhenlin Callaghan, Terry V Tømmervik, Hans Gwynn-Jones, Dylan Hanna, Edward Thierfelder, Tomas Sloan, Victoria L. Van Bogaert, Rik Johansson, Margareta Olofsson, Johan Michelsen, Anders Bjerke, Jarle W. Bokhorst, Stef Christensen, Torben R. Koller, Eva K. Molau, Ulf Phoenix, Gareth Hedenås, Henrik |
| AuthorAffiliation | 12 Aberystwyth University , Aberystwyth , UK 4 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala 750 07 , Sweden 5 Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Umeå 901 83 , Sweden 10 Center for Permafrost (CENPERM) , University of Copenhagen , Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 K , Denmark 9 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service , Canada 8 Stockholm Resilience Centre , Stockholm University , Kräftriket 2B, Stockholm 7 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg 40530 , Sweden 2 Department of Animal and Plant Sciences , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN , UK 14 Greenland Climate Research Centre , Nuuk , Greenland 17 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division , Oak Ridge, TN , USA 15 Department of Geography , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN , UK 11 Department of Ecology and Environmental Science , Umeå University , Umeå 901 87 , Sweden 6 Department of Physical Ge |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 8 Stockholm Resilience Centre , Stockholm University , Kräftriket 2B, Stockholm – name: 7 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg 40530 , Sweden – name: 10 Center for Permafrost (CENPERM) , University of Copenhagen , Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 K , Denmark – name: 4 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala 750 07 , Sweden – name: 12 Aberystwyth University , Aberystwyth , UK – name: 6 Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science , Lund University , Lund 22362 , Sweden – name: 15 Department of Geography , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN , UK – name: 5 Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Umeå 901 83 , Sweden – name: 2 Department of Animal and Plant Sciences , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN , UK – name: 11 Department of Ecology and Environmental Science , Umeå University , Umeå 901 87 , Sweden – name: 3 Polar Research Secretariat , Lilla Frescativägen 4A, Stockholm 114 18 , Sweden – name: 17 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division , Oak Ridge, TN , USA – name: 16 School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University , Bangor LL57 2UW, Wales , UK – name: 1 Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , PO Box 500 05, Stockholm 104 05 , Sweden – name: 9 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service , Canada – name: 13 Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM – High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment , Tromsø 9296 , Norway – name: 14 Greenland Climate Research Centre , Nuuk , Greenland |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Terry V surname: Callaghan fullname: Callaghan, Terry V email: terry_callaghan@btinternet.com organization: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, PO Box 500 05, Stockholm 104 05, Sweden – sequence: 2 givenname: Christer surname: Jonasson fullname: Jonasson, Christer organization: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, PO Box 500 05, Stockholm 104 05, Sweden – sequence: 3 givenname: Tomas surname: Thierfelder fullname: Thierfelder, Tomas organization: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 750 07, Sweden – sequence: 4 givenname: Zhenlin surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Zhenlin organization: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, PO Box 500 05, Stockholm 104 05, Sweden – sequence: 5 givenname: Henrik surname: Hedenås fullname: Hedenås, Henrik organization: Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 901 83, Sweden – sequence: 6 givenname: Margareta surname: Johansson fullname: Johansson, Margareta organization: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, PO Box 500 05, Stockholm 104 05, Sweden – sequence: 7 givenname: Ulf surname: Molau fullname: Molau, Ulf organization: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden – sequence: 8 givenname: Rik surname: Van Bogaert fullname: Van Bogaert, Rik organization: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Canada – sequence: 9 givenname: Anders surname: Michelsen fullname: Michelsen, Anders organization: Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 K, Denmark – sequence: 10 givenname: Johan surname: Olofsson fullname: Olofsson, Johan organization: Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden – sequence: 11 givenname: Dylan surname: Gwynn-Jones fullname: Gwynn-Jones, Dylan organization: Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK – sequence: 12 givenname: Stef surname: Bokhorst fullname: Bokhorst, Stef organization: Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 901 83, Sweden – sequence: 13 givenname: Gareth surname: Phoenix fullname: Phoenix, Gareth organization: Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK – sequence: 14 givenname: Jarle W. surname: Bjerke fullname: Bjerke, Jarle W. organization: Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM – High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø 9296, Norway – sequence: 15 givenname: Hans surname: Tømmervik fullname: Tømmervik, Hans organization: Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM – High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø 9296, Norway – sequence: 16 givenname: Torben R. surname: Christensen fullname: Christensen, Torben R. organization: Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden – sequence: 17 givenname: Edward surname: Hanna fullname: Hanna, Edward organization: Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK – sequence: 18 givenname: Eva K. surname: Koller fullname: Koller, Eva K. organization: Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK – sequence: 19 givenname: Victoria L. surname: Sloan fullname: Sloan, Victoria L. organization: Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23836792$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-92615$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-79220$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/181170$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/3975430$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index oai:portal.research.lu.se:publications/44fa8dfc-bc46-418c-b7ce-7651fab6e190$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index https://res.slu.se/id/publ/44403$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index |
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| Copyright | 2013 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. 2013 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. 2013 |
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| DocumentTitleAlternate | Ecosystem change and stability in Abisko |
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| Keywords | climate change impacts ecosystem stability subarctic environment |
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| Notes | One contribution of 11 to a Theme Issue ‘Long-term changes in Arctic tundra ecosystems’. href:rstb20120488.pdf ark:/67375/V84-RX1JSRXL-L ArticleID:rstb20120488 istex:06CFE5AA142751B82893EB5178E143D7ABCC95B9 Theme Issue 'Long-term changes in Arctic tundra ecosystems' compiled and edited by Eric Post and Toke T. Høye ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
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| PublicationPlace | England |
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| PublicationTitle | Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences |
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| Snippet | The subarctic environment of northernmost Sweden has changed over the past century, particularly elements of climate and cryosphere. This paper presents a... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Arctic Regions Climate Change Climate Change Impacts Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Ecology Ecosystem Ecosystem Stability Ekologi Environmental Sciences Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap Geovetenskap och relaterad miljövetenskap Human Activities Miljövetenskap Natural Sciences Naturgeografi Naturvetenskap Physical Geography Plants Population Dynamics Subarctic Environment Sweden Temperature Ultraviolet Rays |
| Title | Ecosystem change and stability over multiple decades in the Swedish subarctic: complex processes and multiple drivers |
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