Brain Dynamics Underlying the Nonlinear Threshold for Access to Consciousness
When a flashed stimulus is followed by a backward mask, subjects fail to perceive it unless the target-mask interval exceeds a threshold duration of about 50 ms. Models of conscious access postulate that this threshold is associated with the time needed to establish sustained activity in recurrent c...
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| Published in | PLoS biology Vol. 5; no. 10; p. e260 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
01.10.2007
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | When a flashed stimulus is followed by a backward mask, subjects fail to perceive it unless the target-mask interval exceeds a threshold duration of about 50 ms. Models of conscious access postulate that this threshold is associated with the time needed to establish sustained activity in recurrent cortical loops, but the brain areas involved and their timing remain debated. We used high-density recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs) and cortical source reconstruction to assess the time course of human brain activity evoked by masked stimuli and to determine neural events during which brain activity correlates with conscious reports. Target-mask stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was varied in small steps, allowing us to ask which ERP events show the characteristic nonlinear dependence with SOA seen in subjective and objective reports. The results separate distinct stages in mask-target interactions, indicating that a considerable amount of subliminal processing can occur early on in the occipito-temporal pathway (<250 ms) and pointing to a late (>270 ms) and highly distributed fronto-parieto-temporal activation as a correlate of conscious reportability. |
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| AbstractList | When a flashed stimulus is followed by a backward mask, subjects fail to perceive it unless the target-mask interval exceeds a threshold duration of about 50 ms. Models of conscious access postulate that this threshold is associated with the time needed to establish sustained activity in recurrent cortical loops, but the brain areas involved and their timing remain debated. We used high-density recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs) and cortical source reconstruction to assess the time course of human brain activity evoked by masked stimuli and to determine neural events during which brain activity correlates with conscious reports. Target-mask stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was varied in small steps, allowing us to ask which ERP events show the characteristic nonlinear dependence with SOA seen in subjective and objective reports. The results separate distinct stages in mask-target interactions, indicating that a considerable amount of subliminal processing can occur early on in the occipito-temporal pathway (<250 ms) and pointing to a late (>270 ms) and highly distributed fronto-parieto-temporal activation as a correlate of conscious reportability. When a flashed stimulus is followed by a backward mask, subjects fail to perceive it unless the target-mask interval exceeds a threshold duration of about 50 ms. Models of conscious access postulate that this threshold is associated with the time needed to establish sustained activity in recurrent cortical loops, but the brain areas involved and their timing remain debated. We used high-density recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs) and cortical source reconstruction to assess the time course of human brain activity evoked by masked stimuli and to determine neural events during which brain activity correlates with conscious reports. Target-mask stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was varied in small steps, allowing us to ask which ERP events show the characteristic nonlinear dependence with SOA seen in subjective and objective reports. The results separate distinct stages in mask-target interactions, indicating that a considerable amount of subliminal processing can occur early on in the occipito-temporal pathway (<250 ms) and pointing to a late (>270 ms) and highly distributed fronto-parieto-temporal activation as a correlate of conscious reportability. The sequence of neural events associated with the unfolding of conscious awareness is revealed by comparing electrical brain responses to visual stimuli above and below the behavioral threshold for perception. When a flashed stimulus is followed by a backward mask, subjects fail to perceive it unless the target-mask interval exceeds a threshold duration of about 50 ms. Models of conscious access postulate that this threshold is associated with the time needed to establish sustained activity in recurrent cortical loops, but the brain areas involved and their timing remain debated. We used high-density recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs) and cortical source reconstruction to assess the time course of human brain activity evoked by masked stimuli and to determine neural events during which brain activity correlates with conscious reports. Target-mask stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was varied in small steps, allowing us to ask which ERP events show the characteristic nonlinear dependence with SOA seen in subjective and objective reports. The results separate distinct stages in mask-target interactions, indicating that a considerable amount of subliminal processing can occur early on in the occipito-temporal pathway (<250 ms) and pointing to a late (>270 ms) and highly distributed fronto-parieto-temporal activation as a correlate of conscious reportability. When a flashed stimulus is followed by a backward mask, subjects fail to perceive it unless the target-mask interval exceeds a threshold duration of about 50 ms. Models of conscious access postulate that this threshold is associated with the time needed to establish sustained activity in recurrent cortical loops, but the brain areas involved and their timing remain debated. We used high-density recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs) and cortical source reconstruction to assess the time course of human brain activity evoked by masked stimuli and to determine neural events during which brain activity correlates with conscious reports. Target-mask stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was varied in small steps, allowing us to ask which ERP events show the characteristic nonlinear dependence with SOA seen in subjective and objective reports. The results separate distinct stages in mask-target interactions, indicating that a considerable amount of subliminal processing can occur early on in the occipito-temporal pathway (<250 ms) and pointing to a late (>270 ms) and highly distributed fronto-parieto-temporal activation as a correlate of conscious reportability.When a flashed stimulus is followed by a backward mask, subjects fail to perceive it unless the target-mask interval exceeds a threshold duration of about 50 ms. Models of conscious access postulate that this threshold is associated with the time needed to establish sustained activity in recurrent cortical loops, but the brain areas involved and their timing remain debated. We used high-density recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs) and cortical source reconstruction to assess the time course of human brain activity evoked by masked stimuli and to determine neural events during which brain activity correlates with conscious reports. Target-mask stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was varied in small steps, allowing us to ask which ERP events show the characteristic nonlinear dependence with SOA seen in subjective and objective reports. The results separate distinct stages in mask-target interactions, indicating that a considerable amount of subliminal processing can occur early on in the occipito-temporal pathway (<250 ms) and pointing to a late (>270 ms) and highly distributed fronto-parieto-temporal activation as a correlate of conscious reportability. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Baillet, Sylvain Dehaene, Stanislas Del Cul, Antoine |
| AuthorAffiliation | 6 Collège de France, Paris, France University of Oregon, United States of America 1 INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, IFR 49, Saclay, France 3 University of Paris XI, Orsay, France 2 Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), NeuroSpin Center, Saclay, France 4 Cognitive Neuroscience and Brain Imaging Laboratory, CNRS UPR640, IFR 49, Paris, France 5 University Pierre & Marie Curie, Paris, France |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 6 Collège de France, Paris, France – name: 4 Cognitive Neuroscience and Brain Imaging Laboratory, CNRS UPR640, IFR 49, Paris, France – name: 1 INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, IFR 49, Saclay, France – name: 5 University Pierre & Marie Curie, Paris, France – name: 3 University of Paris XI, Orsay, France – name: University of Oregon, United States of America – name: 2 Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), NeuroSpin Center, Saclay, France |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Antoine surname: Del Cul fullname: Del Cul, Antoine – sequence: 2 givenname: Sylvain surname: Baillet fullname: Baillet, Sylvain – sequence: 3 givenname: Stanislas surname: Dehaene fullname: Dehaene, Stanislas |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17896866$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://inserm.hal.science/inserm-00707871$$DView record in HAL |
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| PublicationTitle | PLoS biology |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | PLoS Biol |
| PublicationYear | 2007 |
| Publisher | Public Library of Science Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Public Library of Science – name: Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| Snippet | When a flashed stimulus is followed by a backward mask, subjects fail to perceive it unless the target-mask interval exceeds a threshold duration of about 50... When a flashed stimulus is followed by a backward mask, subjects fail to perceive it unless the target-mask interval exceeds a threshold duration of about 50... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Analysis Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Brain Brain - physiology Brain research Consciousness Consciousness - physiology Female Genetic aspects Homo (Human) Humans Life Sciences Male Methods Neural networks Neurology Neuroscience Neurosciences Nonlinear Dynamics Perceptual Masking Perceptual Masking - physiology Photic Stimulation Reaction Time Reaction Time - physiology Sensory Thresholds Sensory Thresholds - physiology Service oriented architecture Statistical methods Visual Perception Visual Perception - physiology |
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| Title | Brain Dynamics Underlying the Nonlinear Threshold for Access to Consciousness |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17896866 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1292309543 https://www.proquest.com/docview/68458926 https://inserm.hal.science/inserm-00707871 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC1988856 https://doaj.org/article/7105ad8f49f34e1397801d03b28ae91f http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050260 |
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