Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis
By merging plastic-based skin sensors with silicon integrated circuits, a flexible, wearable perspiration analysis system is presented that measures skin temperature and the metabolites and electrolytes in human sweat and analyses the information in situ . A wearable plastic sweat biosensor Human sw...
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| Published in | Nature (London) Vol. 529; no. 7587; pp. 509 - 514 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
28.01.2016
Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | By merging plastic-based skin sensors with silicon integrated circuits, a flexible, wearable perspiration analysis system is presented that measures skin temperature and the metabolites and electrolytes in human sweat and analyses the information
in situ
.
A wearable plastic sweat biosensor
Human sweat is attracting attention as a carrier of biomarkers of potential diagnostic importance, as well as in drug abuse detection and athletic performance optimization. In particular, sweat is much more tractable than other body fluids for continuous bio-monitoring. This paper presents a fully integrated flexible sensor platform for sweat analysis, based on existing technologies. Ali Javey and colleagues successfully connect plastic-based skin sensors to conventional silicon integrated circuitry to achieve multiple simultaneous measurement of sweat metabolites (glucose and lactate) and electrolytes (sodium and potassium). Skin temperature was measured to provide
in situ
calibration of the sensors. A small cohort human subject validation was performed to demonstrate the practical value of the platform — and a specially designed Android app created — for real-time assessment of physiological status, either as a wristband or forehead patch.
Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through continuously monitoring an individual’s state of health
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
,
10
,
11
,
12
. Sampling human sweat, which is rich in physiological information
13
, could enable non-invasive monitoring. Previously reported sweat-based and other non-invasive biosensors either can only monitor a single analyte at a time or lack on-site signal processing circuitry and sensor calibration mechanisms for accurate analysis of the physiological state
14
,
15
,
16
,
17
,
18
. Given the complexity of sweat secretion, simultaneous and multiplexed screening of target biomarkers is critical and requires full system integration to ensure the accuracy of measurements. Here we present a mechanically flexible and fully integrated (that is, no external analysis is needed) sensor array for multiplexed
in situ
perspiration analysis, which simultaneously and selectively measures sweat metabolites (such as glucose and lactate) and electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium ions), as well as the skin temperature (to calibrate the response of the sensors). Our work bridges the technological gap between signal transduction, conditioning (amplification and filtering), processing and wireless transmission in wearable biosensors by merging plastic-based sensors that interface with the skin with silicon integrated circuits consolidated on a flexible circuit board for complex signal processing. This application could not have been realized using either of these technologies alone owing to their respective inherent limitations. The wearable system is used to measure the detailed sweat profile of human subjects engaged in prolonged indoor and outdoor physical activities, and to make a real-time assessment of the physiological state of the subjects. This platform enables a wide range of personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring applications. |
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| AbstractList | Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through continuously monitoring an individual's state of health1-12. Sampling human sweat, which is rich in physiological information13, could enable non-invasive monitoring. Previously reported sweat-based and other noninvasive biosensors either can only monitor a single analyte at a time or lack on-site signal processing circuitry and sensor calibration mechanisms for accurate analysis of the physiological state14-18. Given the complexity of sweat secretion, simultaneous and multiplexed screening of target biomarkers is critical and requires full system integration to ensure the accuracy of measurements. Here we present a mechanically flexible and fully integrated (that is, no external analysis is needed) sensor array for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis, which simultaneously and selectively measures sweat metabolites (such as glucose and lactate) and electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium ions), as well as the skin temperature (to calibrate the response of the sensors). Our work bridges the technological gap between signal transduction, conditioning (amplification and filtering), processing and wireless transmission in wearable biosensors by merging plasticbased sensors that interface with the skin with silicon integrated circuits consolidated on a flexible circuit board for complex signal processing. This application could not have been realized using either of these technologies alone owing to their respective inherent limitations. The wearable system is used to measure the detailed sweat profile of human subjects engaged in prolonged indoor and outdoor physical activities, and to make a real-time assessment of the physiological state of the subjects. This platform enables a wide range of personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring applications. Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through continuously monitoring an individual's state of health. Sampling human sweat, which is rich in physiological information, could enable non-invasive monitoring. Previously reported sweat-based and other non-invasive biosensors either can only monitor a single analyte at a time or lack on-site signal processing circuitry and sensor calibration mechanisms for accurate analysis of the physiological state. Given the complexity of sweat secretion, simultaneous and multiplexed screening of target biomarkers is critical and requires full system integration to ensure the accuracy of measurements. Here we present a mechanically flexible and fully integrated (that is, no external analysis is needed) sensor array for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis, which simultaneously and selectively measures sweat metabolites (such as glucose and lactate) and electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium ions), as well as the skin temperature (to calibrate the response of the sensors). Our work bridges the technological gap between signal transduction, conditioning (amplification and filtering), processing and wireless transmission in wearable biosensors by merging plastic-based sensors that interface with the skin with silicon integrated circuits consolidated on a flexible circuit board for complex signal processing. This application could not have been realized using either of these technologies alone owing to their respective inherent limitations. The wearable system is used to measure the detailed sweat profile of human subjects engaged in prolonged indoor and outdoor physical activities, and to make a real-time assessment of the physiological state of the subjects. This platform enables a wide range of personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring applications. By merging plastic-based skin sensors with silicon integrated circuits, a flexible, wearable perspiration analysis system is presented that measures skin temperature and the metabolites and electrolytes in human sweat and analyses the information in situ . A wearable plastic sweat biosensor Human sweat is attracting attention as a carrier of biomarkers of potential diagnostic importance, as well as in drug abuse detection and athletic performance optimization. In particular, sweat is much more tractable than other body fluids for continuous bio-monitoring. This paper presents a fully integrated flexible sensor platform for sweat analysis, based on existing technologies. Ali Javey and colleagues successfully connect plastic-based skin sensors to conventional silicon integrated circuitry to achieve multiple simultaneous measurement of sweat metabolites (glucose and lactate) and electrolytes (sodium and potassium). Skin temperature was measured to provide in situ calibration of the sensors. A small cohort human subject validation was performed to demonstrate the practical value of the platform — and a specially designed Android app created — for real-time assessment of physiological status, either as a wristband or forehead patch. Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through continuously monitoring an individual’s state of health 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 . Sampling human sweat, which is rich in physiological information 13 , could enable non-invasive monitoring. Previously reported sweat-based and other non-invasive biosensors either can only monitor a single analyte at a time or lack on-site signal processing circuitry and sensor calibration mechanisms for accurate analysis of the physiological state 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 . Given the complexity of sweat secretion, simultaneous and multiplexed screening of target biomarkers is critical and requires full system integration to ensure the accuracy of measurements. Here we present a mechanically flexible and fully integrated (that is, no external analysis is needed) sensor array for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis, which simultaneously and selectively measures sweat metabolites (such as glucose and lactate) and electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium ions), as well as the skin temperature (to calibrate the response of the sensors). Our work bridges the technological gap between signal transduction, conditioning (amplification and filtering), processing and wireless transmission in wearable biosensors by merging plastic-based sensors that interface with the skin with silicon integrated circuits consolidated on a flexible circuit board for complex signal processing. This application could not have been realized using either of these technologies alone owing to their respective inherent limitations. The wearable system is used to measure the detailed sweat profile of human subjects engaged in prolonged indoor and outdoor physical activities, and to make a real-time assessment of the physiological state of the subjects. This platform enables a wide range of personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring applications. By merging plastic-based skin sensors with silicon integrated circuits, a flexible, wearable perspiration analysis system is presented that measures skin temperature and the metabolites and electrolytes in human sweat and analyses the information in situ. A wearable plastic sweat biosensor Human sweat is attracting attention as a carrier of biomarkers of potential diagnostic importance, as well as in drug abuse detection and athletic performance optimization. In particular, sweat is much more tractable than other body fluids for continuous bio-monitoring. This paper presents a fully integrated flexible sensor platform for sweat analysis, based on existing technologies. Ali Javey and colleagues successfully connect plastic-based skin sensors to conventional silicon integrated circuitry to achieve multiple simultaneous measurement of sweat metabolites (glucose and lactate) and electrolytes (sodium and potassium). Skin temperature was measured to provide in situ calibration of the sensors. A small cohort human subject validation was performed to demonstrate the practical value of the platform -- and a specially designed Android app created -- for real-time assessment of physiological status, either as a wristband or forehead patch. Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through continuously monitoring an individual's state of health.sup.1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12. Sampling human sweat, which is rich in physiological information.sup.13, could enable non-invasive monitoring. Previously reported sweat-based and other non-invasive biosensors either can only monitor a single analyte at a time or lack on-site signal processing circuitry and sensor calibration mechanisms for accurate analysis of the physiological state.sup.14,15,16,17,18. Given the complexity of sweat secretion, simultaneous and multiplexed screening of target biomarkers is critical and requires full system integration to ensure the accuracy of measurements. Here we present a mechanically flexible and fully integrated (that is, no external analysis is needed) sensor array for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis, which simultaneously and selectively measures sweat metabolites (such as glucose and lactate) and electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium ions), as well as the skin temperature (to calibrate the response of the sensors). Our work bridges the technological gap between signal transduction, conditioning (amplification and filtering), processing and wireless transmission in wearable biosensors by merging plastic-based sensors that interface with the skin with silicon integrated circuits consolidated on a flexible circuit board for complex signal processing. This application could not have been realized using either of these technologies alone owing to their respective inherent limitations. The wearable system is used to measure the detailed sweat profile of human subjects engaged in prolonged indoor and outdoor physical activities, and to make a real-time assessment of the physiological state of the subjects. This platform enables a wide range of personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring applications. Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through continuously monitoring an individual's state of health 1 – 12 . Sampling human sweat, which is rich in physiological information 13 , could enable non-invasive monitoring. Previously reported sweat-based and other non-invasive biosensors either can only monitor a single analyte at a time or lack on-site signal processing circuitry and sensor calibration mechanisms for accurate analysis of the physiological state 14 – 18 . Given the complexity of sweat secretion, simultaneous and multiplexed screening of target biomarkers is critical and requires full system integration to ensure the accuracy of measurements. Here we present a mechanically flexible and fully integrated (that is, no external analysis is needed) sensor array for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis, which simultaneously and selectively measures sweat metabolites (such as glucose and lactate) and electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium ions), as well as the skin temperature (to calibrate the response of the sensors). Our work bridges the technological gap between signal transduction, conditioning (amplification and filtering), processing and wireless transmission in wearable biosensors by merging plastic-based sensors that interface with the skin with silicon integrated circuits consolidated on a flexible circuit board for complex signal processing. This application could not have been realized using either of these technologies alone owing to their respective inherent limitations. The wearable system is used to measure the detailed sweat profile of human subjects engaged in prolonged indoor and outdoor physical activities, and to make a real-time assessment of the physiological state of the subjects. This platform enables a wide range of personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring applications. By merging plastic-based skin sensors with silicon integrated circuits, a flexible, wearable perspiration analysis system is presented that measures skin temperature and the metabolites and electrolytes in human sweat and analyses the information in situ. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through continuously monitoring an individual's state of health. Sampling human sweat, which is rich in physiological information, could enable non-invasive monitoring. Previously reported sweat-based and other non-invasive biosensors either can only monitor a single analyte at a time or lack on-site signal processing circuitry and sensor calibration mechanisms for accurate analysis of the physiological state. Given the complexity of sweat secretion, simultaneous and multiplexed screening of target biomarkers is critical and requires full system integration to ensure the accuracy of measurements. Here we present a mechanically flexible and fully integrated (that is, no external analysis is needed) sensor array for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis, which simultaneously and selectively measures sweat metabolites (such as glucose and lactate) and electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium ions), as well as the skin temperature (to calibrate the response of the sensors). Our work bridges the technological gap between signal transduction, conditioning (amplifi cation and filtering), processing and wireless transmission in wearable biosensors by merging plastic-based sensors that interface with the skin with silicon integrated circuits consolidated on a flexible circuit board for complex signal processing. This application could not have been realized using either of these technologies alone owing to their respective inherent limitations. The wearable system is used to measure the detailed sweat profile of human subjects engaged in prolonged indoor and outdoor physical activities, and to make a real-time assessment of the physiological state of the subjects. This platform enables a wide range of personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring applications. Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through continuously monitoring an individual's state of health (1-12). Sampling human sweat, which is rich in physiological information (13), could enable non-invasive monitoring. Previously reported sweat-based and other noninvasive biosensors either can only monitor a single analyte at a time or lack on-site signal processing circuitry and sensor calibration mechanisms for accurate analysis of the physiological state (14-18). Given the complexity of sweat secretion, simultaneous and multiplexed screening of target biomarkers is critical and requires full system integration to ensure the accuracy of measurements. Here we present a mechanically flexible and fully integrated (that is, no external analysis is needed) sensor array for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis, which simultaneously and selectively measures sweat metabolites (such as glucose and lactate) and electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium ions), as well as the skin temperature (to calibrate the response of the sensors). Our work bridges the technological gap between signal transduction, conditioning (amplification and filtering), processing and wireless transmission in wearable biosensors by merging plastic-based sensors that interface with the skin with silicon integrated circuits consolidated on a flexible circuit board for complex signal processing. This application could not have been realized using either of these technologies alone owing to their respective inherent limitations. The wearable system is used to measure the detailed sweat profile of human subjects engaged in prolonged indoor and outdoor physical activities, and to make a real-time assessment of the physiological state of the subjects. This platform enables a wide range of personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring applications. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Nyein, Hnin Yin Yin Brooks, George A. Challa, Samyuktha Kiriya, Daisuke Gao, Wei Peck, Austin Javey, Ali Lien, Der-Hsien Chen, Kevin Ota, Hiroki Shiraki, Hiroshi Emaminejad, Sam Davis, Ronald W. Fahad, Hossain M. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 4 Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA 1 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 5 Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 2 Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 3 Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA – name: 3 Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA – name: 5 Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA – name: 2 Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA – name: 1 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Wei surname: Gao fullname: Gao, Wei organization: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – sequence: 2 givenname: Sam surname: Emaminejad fullname: Emaminejad, Sam organization: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford School of Medicine – sequence: 3 givenname: Hnin Yin Yin surname: Nyein fullname: Nyein, Hnin Yin Yin organization: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – sequence: 4 givenname: Samyuktha surname: Challa fullname: Challa, Samyuktha organization: Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford School of Medicine – sequence: 5 givenname: Kevin surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Kevin organization: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – sequence: 6 givenname: Austin surname: Peck fullname: Peck, Austin organization: Integrative Biology, University of California – sequence: 7 givenname: Hossain M. surname: Fahad fullname: Fahad, Hossain M. organization: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – sequence: 8 givenname: Hiroki surname: Ota fullname: Ota, Hiroki organization: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – sequence: 9 givenname: Hiroshi surname: Shiraki fullname: Shiraki, Hiroshi organization: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – sequence: 10 givenname: Daisuke surname: Kiriya fullname: Kiriya, Daisuke organization: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – sequence: 11 givenname: Der-Hsien surname: Lien fullname: Lien, Der-Hsien organization: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – sequence: 12 givenname: George A. surname: Brooks fullname: Brooks, George A. organization: Integrative Biology, University of California – sequence: 13 givenname: Ronald W. surname: Davis fullname: Davis, Ronald W. organization: Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford School of Medicine – sequence: 14 givenname: Ali surname: Javey fullname: Javey, Ali email: ajavey@eecs.berkeley.edu organization: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26819044$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1252977$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
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| Snippet | By merging plastic-based skin sensors with silicon integrated circuits, a flexible, wearable perspiration analysis system is presented that measures skin... Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through continuously monitoring an individual's state of health.... Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through continuously monitoring an individual's state of health (1-12).... Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through continuously monitoring an individual's state of health1-12.... © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through... Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through continuously monitoring an individual's state of health 1 – 12 .... |
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| SubjectTerms | 639/166/987 639/301/1005 639/925/930 692/700 Adult Analysis Bicycling - physiology Biomarkers Biosensors Body fluids Body Water Calibration Circuits electrical and electronic engineering Electrodes Electrolytes - analysis Female Glucose - analysis health care Healthy Volunteers Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Lactic Acid - analysis letter Male materials for devices Metabolites Monitoring, Physiologic - instrumentation Monitoring, Physiologic - methods multidisciplinary OTHER INSTRUMENTATION Perspiration Physiological aspects Physiology Precision Medicine - instrumentation Precision Medicine - methods Reproducibility of Results Running - physiology Science Sensors Signal processing Signal transduction Skin Skin Temperature Sweat - chemistry techniques and instrumentation Young Adult |
| Title | Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis |
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