The Galactic Habitable Zone and the Age Distribution of Complex Life in the Milky Way
We modeled the evolution of the Milky Way Galaxy to trace the distribution in space and time of four prerequisites for complex life: the presence of a host star, enough heavy elements to form terrestrial planets, sufficient time for biological evolution, and an environment free of life-extinguishing...
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| Published in | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 303; no. 5654; pp. 59 - 62 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington, DC
American Association for the Advancement of Science
02.01.2004
The American Association for the Advancement of Science |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | We modeled the evolution of the Milky Way Galaxy to trace the distribution in space and time of four prerequisites for complex life: the presence of a host star, enough heavy elements to form terrestrial planets, sufficient time for biological evolution, and an environment free of life-extinguishing supernovae. We identified the Galactic habitable zone (GHZ) as an annular region between 7 and 9 kiloparsecs from the Galactic center that widens with time and is composed of stars that formed between 8 and 4 billion years ago. This GHZ yields an age distribution for the complex life that may inhabit our Galaxy. We found that 75% of the stars in the GHZ are older than the Sun. |
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| AbstractList | We modeled the evolution of the Milky Way Galaxy to trace the distribution in space and time of four prerequisites for complex life: the presence of a host star, enough heavy elements to form terrestrial planets, sufficient time for biological evolution, and an environment free of life-extinguishing supernovae. We identified the Galactic habitable zone (GHZ) as an annular region between 7 and 9 kiloparsecs from the Galactic center that widens with time and is composed of stars that formed between 8 and 4 billion years ago. This GHZ yields an age distribution for the complex life that may inhabit our Galaxy. We found that 75% of the stars in the GHZ are older than the Sun. We modeled the evolution of the Milky Way Galaxy to trace the distribution in space and time of four prerequisites for complex life: the presence of a host star, enough heavy elements to form terrestrial planets, sufficient time for biological evolution, and an environment free of life-extinguishing supernovae. We identified the Galactic habitable zone (GHZ) as an annular region between 7 and 9 kiloparsecs from the Galactic center that widens with time and is composed of stars that formed between 8 and 4 billion years ago. This GHZ yields an age distribution for the complex life that may inhabit our Galaxy. We found that 75% of the stars in the GHZ are older than the Sun. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] We modeled the evolution of the Milky Way Galaxy to trace the distribution in space and time of four prerequisites for complex life: the presence of a host star, enough heavy elements to form terrestrial planets, sufficient time for biological evolution, and an environment free of life-extinguishing supernovae. We identified the Galactic habitable zone (GHZ) as an annular region between 7 and 9 kiloparsecs from the Galactic center that widens with time and is composed of stars that formed between 8 and 4 billion years ago. This GHZ yields an age distribution for the complex life that may inhabit our Galaxy. We found that 75 percent of the stars in the GHZ are older than the Sun. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Fenner, Yeshe Gibson, Brad K. Lineweaver, Charles H. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Charles H. surname: Lineweaver fullname: Lineweaver, Charles H. – sequence: 2 givenname: Yeshe surname: Fenner fullname: Fenner, Yeshe – sequence: 3 givenname: Brad K. surname: Gibson fullname: Gibson, Brad K. |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15447284$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704421$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | Copyright 2004 American Association for the Advancement of Science 2004 INIST-CNRS COPYRIGHT 2004 American Association for the Advancement of Science COPYRIGHT 2004 American Association for the Advancement of Science Copyright American Association for the Advancement of Science Jan 2, 2004 |
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| DOI | 10.1126/science.1092322 |
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| References | 14704403 - Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):27 (e_1_3_1_10_2) 2003; 125 (e_1_3_1_4_2) 2001; 285 (e_1_3_1_2_2) 1981 e_1_3_1_8_2 e_1_3_1_13_2 e_1_3_1_7_2 e_1_3_1_11_2 e_1_3_1_9_2 e_1_3_1_17_2 e_1_3_1_3_2 e_1_3_1_16_2 e_1_3_1_6_2 (e_1_3_1_12_2) 1996 e_1_3_1_15_2 e_1_3_1_5_2 e_1_3_1_14_2 e_1_3_1_19_2 e_1_3_1_18_2 |
| References_xml | – ident: e_1_3_1_16_2 doi: 10.1093/mnras/262.3.545 – ident: e_1_3_1_3_2 doi: 10.1023/A:1006561811750 – ident: e_1_3_1_11_2 doi: 10.1098/rsta.1983.0096 – volume: 285 start-page: 52 year: 2001 ident: e_1_3_1_4_2 publication-title: Sci. Am. – ident: e_1_3_1_8_2 doi: 10.1006/icar.2001.6607 – ident: e_1_3_1_17_2 – start-page: 287 year: 1981 ident: e_1_3_1_2_2 publication-title: Life in the Universe, – ident: e_1_3_1_5_2 doi: 10.1006/icar.2001.6617 – ident: e_1_3_1_18_2 doi: 10.1016/0019-1035(81)90078-6 – start-page: 405 year: 1996 ident: e_1_3_1_12_2 publication-title: Circumstellar Habitable Zones, – ident: e_1_3_1_13_2 doi: 10.1086/306668 – ident: e_1_3_1_6_2 doi: 10.1006/icar.1993.1010 – ident: e_1_3_1_19_2 – ident: e_1_3_1_15_2 doi: 10.1086/338329 – ident: e_1_3_1_7_2 doi: 10.1071/AS02047 – ident: e_1_3_1_9_2 doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20021637 – volume: 125 start-page: 2664 year: 2003 ident: e_1_3_1_10_2 publication-title: Astrophys. J. – ident: e_1_3_1_14_2 doi: 10.1038/265318a0 |
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| Snippet | We modeled the evolution of the Milky Way Galaxy to trace the distribution in space and time of four prerequisites for complex life: the presence of a host... |
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| SubjectTerms | Age distribution Astronomical Phenomena Astronomy Chemical elements Company growth Computer Simulation Earth Earth, ocean, space Environmental aspects Evolution Evolution, Chemical Evolution, Planetary Exact sciences and technology Exobiology Extrasolar planets Extraterrestrial Environment Extraterrestrial life Extraterrestrial life and intelligence Growth Life on other planets Metal abundance Milky Way Milky Way Galaxy Models, Theoretical Planets Prerequisites Probability Scientific Concepts Star formation Stars Stars & galaxies Statistics Sun Supernovae Terrestrial planets Time |
| Title | The Galactic Habitable Zone and the Age Distribution of Complex Life in the Milky Way |
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