Severe drought and calf survival in elephants
Climate change in Africa is expected to lead to a higher occurrence of severe droughts in semi-arid and arid ecosystems. Understanding how animal populations react to such events is thus crucial for addressing future challenges for wildlife management and conservation. We explored how gender, age, m...
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Published in | Biology letters (2005) Vol. 4; no. 5; pp. 541 - 544 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
London
The Royal Society
23.10.2008
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Abstract | Climate change in Africa is expected to lead to a higher occurrence of severe droughts in semi-arid and arid ecosystems. Understanding how animal populations react to such events is thus crucial for addressing future challenges for wildlife management and conservation. We explored how gender, age, mother's experience and family group characteristics determined calf survival in an elephant population during a severe drought in Tanzania in 1993. Young males were particularly sensitive to the drought and calf loss was higher among young mothers than among more experienced mothers. We also report high variability in calf mortality between different family groups, with family groups that remained in the National Park suffering heavy calf loss, compared with the ones that left the Park. This study highlights how severe droughts can dramatically affect early survival of large herbivores and suggests that extreme climatic events might act as a selection force on vertebrate populations, allowing only individuals with the appropriate behaviour and/or knowledge to survive. |
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AbstractList | Climate change in Africa is expected to lead to a higher occurrence of severe droughts in semi-arid and arid ecosystems. Understanding how animal populations react to such events is thus crucial for addressing future challenges for wildlife management and conservation. We explored how gender, age, mother's experience and family group characteristics determined calf survival in an elephant population during a severe drought in Tanzania in 1993. Young males were particularly sensitive to the drought and calf loss was higher among young mothers than among more experienced mothers. We also report high variability in calf mortality between different family groups, with family groups that remained in the National Park suffering heavy calf loss, compared with the ones that left the Park. This study highlights how severe droughts can dramatically affect early survival of large herbivores and suggests that extreme climatic events might act as a selection force on vertebrate populations, allowing only individuals with the appropriate behaviour and/or knowledge to survive. Climate change in Africa is expected to lead to a higher occurrence of severe droughts in semi-arid and arid ecosystems. Understanding how animal populations react to such events is thus crucial for addressing future challenges for wildlife management and conservation. We explored how gender, age, mother's experience and family group characteristics determined calf survival in an elephant population during a severe drought in Tanzania in 1993. Young males were particularly sensitive to the drought and calf loss was higher among young mothers than among more experienced mothers. We also report high variability in calf mortality between different family groups, with family groups that remained in the National Park suffering heavy calf loss, compared with the ones that left the Park. This study highlights how severe droughts can dramatically affect early survival of large herbivores and suggests that extreme climatic events might act as a selection force on vertebrate populations, allowing only individuals with the appropriate behaviour and/or knowledge to survive. |
Author | Pettorelli, Nathalie Foley, Lara Foley, Charles |
AuthorAffiliation | 2 Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute PO Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania 1 Wildlife Conservation Society, International Conservation 2300 Southern Boulevard, New York, NY 10460-1099, USA 3 Zoological Society of London, Institute of Zoology Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute PO Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania – name: 3 Zoological Society of London, Institute of Zoology Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK – name: 1 Wildlife Conservation Society, International Conservation 2300 Southern Boulevard, New York, NY 10460-1099, USA |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Charles surname: Foley fullname: Foley, Charles email: cfoley@wcs.org organization: Wildlife Conservation Society, International Conservation2300 Southern Boulevard, New York, NY 10460-1099, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Nathalie surname: Pettorelli fullname: Pettorelli, Nathalie organization: Zoological Society of London, Institute of ZoologyRegent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Lara surname: Foley fullname: Foley, Lara organization: Wildlife Conservation Society, International Conservation2300 Southern Boulevard, New York, NY 10460-1099, USA |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18682358$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Snippet | Climate change in Africa is expected to lead to a higher occurrence of severe droughts in semi-arid and arid ecosystems. Understanding
how animal populations... Climate change in Africa is expected to lead to a higher occurrence of severe droughts in semi-arid and arid ecosystems. Understanding how animal populations... |
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SubjectTerms | Animal Migration Animals Climate Disasters Drought Elephantidae Elephants - physiology Female Loxodonta africana Male Maternal Age Matriarchs Population Ecology Sex Factors Tanzania |
Title | Severe drought and calf survival in elephants |
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