Nanog safeguards pluripotency and mediates germline development

Nanog is a divergent homeodomain protein found in mammalian pluripotent cells and developing germ cells. Deletion of Nanog causes early embryonic lethality, whereas constitutive expression enables autonomous self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Nanog is accordingly considered a core element of the...

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Published in	Nature Vol. 450; no. 7173; pp. 1230 - 1234
Main Authors	Chambers, Ian, Silva, Jose, Colby, Douglas, Nichols, Jennifer, Nijmeijer, Bianca, Robertson, Morag, Vrana, Jan, Jones, Ken, Grotewold, Lars, Smith, Austin
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	London Nature Publishing Group UK 20.12.2007 Nature Publishing Nature Publishing Group
Subjects	Alleles Animals Biological and medical sciences Cell Differentiation Cell differentiation, maturation, development, hematopoiesis Cell Division Cell physiology Cells, Cultured Cellular biology Chimera - metabolism DNA-Binding Proteins - deficiency DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism Embryo, Mammalian - cytology Embryonic Stem Cells - cytology Embryonic Stem Cells - metabolism Embryos Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation Germ Cells - cytology Germ Cells - metabolism Homeodomain Proteins - genetics Homeodomain Proteins - metabolism Humanities and Social Sciences letter Mammals Mice Molecular and cellular biology multidisciplinary Nanog Homeobox Protein Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology Pluripotent Stem Cells - metabolism Proteins Rodents Science Science (multidisciplinary) Stem cells Vertebrata Mammalia Mouse Germ line Rodentia Development Transcription factor
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Abstract	Nanog is a divergent homeodomain protein found in mammalian pluripotent cells and developing germ cells. Deletion of Nanog causes early embryonic lethality, whereas constitutive expression enables autonomous self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Nanog is accordingly considered a core element of the pluripotent transcriptional network. However, here we report that Nanog fluctuates in mouse embryonic stem cells. Transient downregulation of Nanog appears to predispose cells towards differentiation but does not mark commitment. By genetic deletion we show that, although they are prone to differentiate, embryonic stem cells can self-renew indefinitely in the permanent absence of Nanog. Expanded Nanog null cells colonize embryonic germ layers and exhibit multilineage differentiation both in fetal and adult chimaeras. Although they are also recruited to the germ line, primordial germ cells lacking Nanog fail to mature on reaching the genital ridge. This defect is rescued by repair of the mutant allele. Thus Nanog is dispensible for expression of somatic pluripotency but is specifically required for formation of germ cells. Nanog therefore acts primarily in construction of inner cell mass and germ cell states rather than in the housekeeping machinery of pluripotency. We surmise that Nanog stabilizes embryonic stem cells in culture by resisting or reversing alternative gene expression states.
AbstractList	Nanog changes tack In 2003 the transcription factor Nanog was identified as a key contributor to the property that makes embryonic stem cells unique: pluripotency. Nanog, named after Tir nan Og, the 'land of the forever-young' of Celtic myth, was thought to be required for stem cells to multiply while retaining the potential to differentiate. New work in mouse embryonic stem cells suggests a rather different picture. In fact Nanog is not essential for maintaining pluripotency; its levels fluctuate, but Nanog appears to stabilize the pluripotent state by resisting or reversing alternative states of gene expression. The transcription factor Nanog is considered a hallmark of pluripotent cells in vivo and in vitro , and loss of Nanog an early marker of differentiation. This is now revised by the demonstration that Nanog is not essential for maintaining pluripotency, but acts in stabilizing the pluripotent state. Nanog is a divergent homeodomain protein found in mammalian pluripotent cells and developing germ cells 1 , 2 . Deletion of Nanog causes early embryonic lethality 2 , whereas constitutive expression enables autonomous self-renewal of embryonic stem cells 1 . Nanog is accordingly considered a core element of the pluripotent transcriptional network 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 . However, here we report that Nanog fluctuates in mouse embryonic stem cells. Transient downregulation of Nanog appears to predispose cells towards differentiation but does not mark commitment. By genetic deletion we show that, although they are prone to differentiate, embryonic stem cells can self-renew indefinitely in the permanent absence of Nanog. Expanded Nanog null cells colonize embryonic germ layers and exhibit multilineage differentiation both in fetal and adult chimaeras. Although they are also recruited to the germ line, primordial germ cells lacking Nanog fail to mature on reaching the genital ridge. This defect is rescued by repair of the mutant allele. Thus Nanog is dispensible for expression of somatic pluripotency but is specifically required for formation of germ cells. Nanog therefore acts primarily in construction of inner cell mass and germ cell states rather than in the housekeeping machinery of pluripotency. We surmise that Nanog stabilizes embryonic stem cells in culture by resisting or reversing alternative gene expression states. Nanog is a divergent homeodomain protein found in mammalian pluripotent cells and developing germ cells. Deletion of Nanog causes early embryonic lethality, whereas constitutive expression enables autonomous self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Nanog is accordingly considered a core element of the pluripotent transcriptional network. However, here we report that Nanog fluctuates in mouse embryonic stem cells. Transient downregulation of Nanog appears to predispose cells towards differentiation but does not mark commitment. By genetic deletion we show that, although they are prone to differentiate, embryonic stem cells can self-renew indefinitely in the permanent absence of Nanog. Expanded Nanog null cells colonize embryonic germ layers and exhibit multilineage differentiation both in fetal and adult chimaeras. Although they are also recruited to the germ line, primordial germ cells lacking Nanog fail to mature on reaching the genital ridge. This defect is rescued by repair of the mutant allele. Thus Nanog is dispensible for expression of somatic pluripotency but is specifically required for formation of germ cells. Nanog therefore acts primarily in construction of inner cell mass and germ cell states rather than in the housekeeping machinery of pluripotency. We surmise that Nanog stabilizes embryonic stem cells in culture by resisting or reversing alternative gene expression states. Nanog is a divergent homeodomain protein found in mammalian pluripotent cells and developing germ cells. Deletion of Nanog causes early embryonic lethality, whereas constitutive expression enables autonomous self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Nanog is accordingly considered a core element of the pluripotent transcriptional network. However, here we report that Nanog fluctuates in mouse embryonic stem cells. Transient downregulation of Nanog appears to predispose cells towards differentiation but does not mark commitment. By genetic deletion we show that, although they are prone to differentiate, embryonic stem cells can self-renew indefinitely in the permanent absence of Nanog. Expanded Nanog null cells colonize embryonic germ layers and exhibit multilineage differentiation both in fetal and adult chimaeras. Although they are also recruited to the germ line, primordial germ cells lacking Nanog fail to mature on reaching the genital ridge. This defect is rescued by repair of the mutant allele. Thus Nanog is dispensible for expression of somatic pluripotency but is specifically required for formation of germ cells. Nanog therefore acts primarily in construction of inner cell mass and germ cell states rather than in the housekeeping machinery of pluripotency. We surmise that Nanog stabilizes embryonic stem cells in culture by resisting or reversing alternative gene expression states. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Audience	Academic
Author	Chambers, Ian Nijmeijer, Bianca Robertson, Morag Silva, Jose Nichols, Jennifer Smith, Austin Colby, Douglas Vrana, Jan Grotewold, Lars Jones, Ken
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Ian surname: Chambers fullname: Chambers, Ian organization: MRC Centre Development in Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh – sequence: 2 givenname: Jose surname: Silva fullname: Silva, Jose – sequence: 3 givenname: Douglas surname: Colby fullname: Colby, Douglas organization: MRC Centre Development in Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh – sequence: 4 givenname: Jennifer surname: Nichols fullname: Nichols, Jennifer – sequence: 5 givenname: Bianca surname: Nijmeijer fullname: Nijmeijer, Bianca organization: MRC Centre Development in Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh – sequence: 6 givenname: Morag surname: Robertson fullname: Robertson, Morag organization: MRC Centre Development in Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh – sequence: 7 givenname: Jan surname: Vrana fullname: Vrana, Jan organization: MRC Centre Development in Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh – sequence: 8 givenname: Ken surname: Jones fullname: Jones, Ken – sequence: 9 givenname: Lars surname: Grotewold fullname: Grotewold, Lars organization: MRC Centre Development in Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh – sequence: 10 givenname: Austin surname: Smith fullname: Smith, Austin
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Snippet	Nanog is a divergent homeodomain protein found in mammalian pluripotent cells and developing germ cells. Deletion of Nanog causes early embryonic lethality,... Nanog changes tack In 2003 the transcription factor Nanog was identified as a key contributor to the property that makes embryonic stem cells unique:...
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SubjectTerms	Alleles Animals Biological and medical sciences Cell Differentiation Cell differentiation, maturation, development, hematopoiesis Cell Division Cell physiology Cells, Cultured Cellular biology Chimera - metabolism DNA-Binding Proteins - deficiency DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism Embryo, Mammalian - cytology Embryonic Stem Cells - cytology Embryonic Stem Cells - metabolism Embryos Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation Germ Cells - cytology Germ Cells - metabolism Homeodomain Proteins - genetics Homeodomain Proteins - metabolism Humanities and Social Sciences letter Mammals Mice Molecular and cellular biology multidisciplinary Nanog Homeobox Protein Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology Pluripotent Stem Cells - metabolism Proteins Rodents Science Science (multidisciplinary) Stem cells
Title	Nanog safeguards pluripotency and mediates germline development
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