Altered deposition of inhaled nanoparticles in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Background Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable groups such as individuals with respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in lung deposition of nanoparticle...
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| Published in | BMC pulmonary medicine Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 129 - 11 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
BioMed Central
06.08.2018
BioMed Central Ltd BMC |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1471-2466 1471-2466 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12890-018-0697-2 |
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| Abstract | Background
Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable groups such as individuals with respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in lung deposition of nanoparticles in the distal lung for healthy subjects and subjects with respiratory disease.
Methods
Lung deposition of nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm) was measured after a 10 s breath-hold for three groups: healthy never-smoking subjects (
n =
17), asymptomatic (active and former) smokers (
n =
15) and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (
n =
16). Measurements were made at 1300 mL and 1800 mL volumetric lung depth. Each subject also underwent conventional lung function tests, including post bronchodilator FEV
1
, VC, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, D
L,CO
. Patients with previously diagnosed respiratory disease underwent a CT-scan of the lungs. Particle lung deposition fraction, was compared between the groups and with conventional lung function tests.
Results
We found that the deposition fraction was significantly lower for subjects with emphysema compared to the other subjects (
p
= 0.001–0.01), but no significant differences were found between healthy never-smokers and smokers. Furthermore, the particle deposition correlated with pulmonary function tests, FEV
1%Pred
(
p
< 0.05), FEV
1
/VC
%Pred
(
p
< 0.01) and D
L,CO
(
p
< 0.0005) when all subjects were included. Furthermore, for subjects with emphysema, deposition fraction correlated strongly with D
L,CO
(Pearson’s
r
= 0.80–0.85,
p
< 0.002) while this correlation was not found within the other groups.
Conclusions
Lower deposition fraction was observed for emphysematous subjects and this can be explained by enlarged distal airspaces in the lungs. As expected, deposition increases for smaller particles and deeper inhalation. The observed results have implications for exposure assessment of air pollution and dosimetry of aerosol-based drug delivery of nanoparticles. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background
Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable groups such as individuals with respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in lung deposition of nanoparticles in the distal lung for healthy subjects and subjects with respiratory disease.
Methods
Lung deposition of nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm) was measured after a 10 s breath-hold for three groups: healthy never-smoking subjects (
n =
17), asymptomatic (active and former) smokers (
n =
15) and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (
n =
16). Measurements were made at 1300 mL and 1800 mL volumetric lung depth. Each subject also underwent conventional lung function tests, including post bronchodilator FEV
1
, VC, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, D
L,CO
. Patients with previously diagnosed respiratory disease underwent a CT-scan of the lungs. Particle lung deposition fraction, was compared between the groups and with conventional lung function tests.
Results
We found that the deposition fraction was significantly lower for subjects with emphysema compared to the other subjects (
p
= 0.001–0.01), but no significant differences were found between healthy never-smokers and smokers. Furthermore, the particle deposition correlated with pulmonary function tests, FEV
1%Pred
(
p
< 0.05), FEV
1
/VC
%Pred
(
p
< 0.01) and D
L,CO
(
p
< 0.0005) when all subjects were included. Furthermore, for subjects with emphysema, deposition fraction correlated strongly with D
L,CO
(Pearson’s
r
= 0.80–0.85,
p
< 0.002) while this correlation was not found within the other groups.
Conclusions
Lower deposition fraction was observed for emphysematous subjects and this can be explained by enlarged distal airspaces in the lungs. As expected, deposition increases for smaller particles and deeper inhalation. The observed results have implications for exposure assessment of air pollution and dosimetry of aerosol-based drug delivery of nanoparticles. BACKGROUND: Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable groups such as individuals with respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in lung deposition of nanoparticles in the distal lung for healthy subjects and subjects with respiratory disease.METHODS: Lung deposition of nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm) was measured after a 10 s breath-hold for three groups: healthy never-smoking subjects (n = 17), asymptomatic (active and former) smokers (n = 15) and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 16). Measurements were made at 1300 mL and 1800 mL volumetric lung depth. Each subject also underwent conventional lung function tests, including post bronchodilator FEV1, VC, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, DL,CO. Patients with previously diagnosed respiratory disease underwent a CT-scan of the lungs. Particle lung deposition fraction, was compared between the groups and with conventional lung function tests.RESULTS: We found that the deposition fraction was significantly lower for subjects with emphysema compared to the other subjects (p = 0.001-0.01), but no significant differences were found between healthy never-smokers and smokers. Furthermore, the particle deposition correlated with pulmonary function tests, FEV1%Pred (p < 0.05), FEV1/VC%Pred (p < 0.01) and DL,CO (p < 0.0005) when all subjects were included. Furthermore, for subjects with emphysema, deposition fraction correlated strongly with DL,CO (Pearson's r = 0.80-0.85, p < 0.002) while this correlation was not found within the other groups.CONCLUSIONS: Lower deposition fraction was observed for emphysematous subjects and this can be explained by enlarged distal airspaces in the lungs. As expected, deposition increases for smaller particles and deeper inhalation. The observed results have implications for exposure assessment of air pollution and dosimetry of aerosol-based drug delivery of nanoparticles. BACKGROUND: Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable groups such as individuals with respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in lung deposition of nanoparticles in the distal lung for healthy subjects and subjects with respiratory disease. METHODS: Lung deposition of nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm) was measured after a 10 s breath-hold for three groups: healthy never-smoking subjects (n = 17), asymptomatic (active and former) smokers (n = 15) and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 16). Measurements were made at 1300 mL and 1800 mL volumetric lung depth. Each subject also underwent conventional lung function tests, including post bronchodilator FEV1, VC, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, DL,CO. Patients with previously diagnosed respiratory disease underwent a CT-scan of the lungs. Particle lung deposition fraction, was compared between thegroups and with conventional lung function tests. RESULTS: We found that the deposition fraction was significantly lower for subjects with emphysema compared to the other subjects (p = 0.001-0.01), but no significant differences were found between healthy never-smokers and smokers. Furthermore, the particle deposition correlated with pulmonary function tests, FEV1%Pred (p < 0.05), FEV1/VC%Pred (p < 0.01) and DL,CO (p < 0.0005) when all subjects were included. Furthermore, for subjects with emphysema, deposition fraction correlated strongly with DL,CO (Pearson's r = 0.80-0.85, p < 0.002) while this correlation was not found within the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Lower deposition fraction was observed for emphysematous subjects and this can be explained by enlarged distal airspaces in the lungs. As expected, deposition increases for smaller particles and deeper inhalation. The observed results have implications for exposure assessment of air pollution and dosimetry of aerosol-based drug delivery of nanoparticles. Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable groups such as individuals with respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in lung deposition of nanoparticles in the distal lung for healthy subjects and subjects with respiratory disease. Lung deposition of nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm) was measured after a 10 s breath-hold for three groups: healthy never-smoking subjects (n = 17), asymptomatic (active and former) smokers (n = 15) and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 16). Measurements were made at 1300 mL and 1800 mL volumetric lung depth. Each subject also underwent conventional lung function tests, including post bronchodilator FEV , VC, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, D . Patients with previously diagnosed respiratory disease underwent a CT-scan of the lungs. Particle lung deposition fraction, was compared between the groups and with conventional lung function tests. We found that the deposition fraction was significantly lower for subjects with emphysema compared to the other subjects (p = 0.001-0.01), but no significant differences were found between healthy never-smokers and smokers. Furthermore, the particle deposition correlated with pulmonary function tests, FEV (p < 0.05), FEV /VC (p < 0.01) and D (p < 0.0005) when all subjects were included. Furthermore, for subjects with emphysema, deposition fraction correlated strongly with D (Pearson's r = 0.80-0.85, p < 0.002) while this correlation was not found within the other groups. Lower deposition fraction was observed for emphysematous subjects and this can be explained by enlarged distal airspaces in the lungs. As expected, deposition increases for smaller particles and deeper inhalation. The observed results have implications for exposure assessment of air pollution and dosimetry of aerosol-based drug delivery of nanoparticles. Abstract Background Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable groups such as individuals with respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in lung deposition of nanoparticles in the distal lung for healthy subjects and subjects with respiratory disease. Methods Lung deposition of nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm) was measured after a 10 s breath-hold for three groups: healthy never-smoking subjects (n = 17), asymptomatic (active and former) smokers (n = 15) and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 16). Measurements were made at 1300 mL and 1800 mL volumetric lung depth. Each subject also underwent conventional lung function tests, including post bronchodilator FEV1, VC, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, DL,CO. Patients with previously diagnosed respiratory disease underwent a CT-scan of the lungs. Particle lung deposition fraction, was compared between the groups and with conventional lung function tests. Results We found that the deposition fraction was significantly lower for subjects with emphysema compared to the other subjects (p = 0.001–0.01), but no significant differences were found between healthy never-smokers and smokers. Furthermore, the particle deposition correlated with pulmonary function tests, FEV1%Pred (p < 0.05), FEV1/VC%Pred (p < 0.01) and DL,CO (p < 0.0005) when all subjects were included. Furthermore, for subjects with emphysema, deposition fraction correlated strongly with DL,CO (Pearson’s r = 0.80–0.85, p < 0.002) while this correlation was not found within the other groups. Conclusions Lower deposition fraction was observed for emphysematous subjects and this can be explained by enlarged distal airspaces in the lungs. As expected, deposition increases for smaller particles and deeper inhalation. The observed results have implications for exposure assessment of air pollution and dosimetry of aerosol-based drug delivery of nanoparticles. Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable groups such as individuals with respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in lung deposition of nanoparticles in the distal lung for healthy subjects and subjects with respiratory disease. Lung deposition of nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm) was measured after a 10 s breath-hold for three groups: healthy never-smoking subjects (n = 17), asymptomatic (active and former) smokers (n = 15) and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 16). Measurements were made at 1300 mL and 1800 mL volumetric lung depth. Each subject also underwent conventional lung function tests, including post bronchodilator FEV.sub.1, VC, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, D.sub.L,CO. Patients with previously diagnosed respiratory disease underwent a CT-scan of the lungs. Particle lung deposition fraction, was compared between the groups and with conventional lung function tests. We found that the deposition fraction was significantly lower for subjects with emphysema compared to the other subjects (p = 0.001-0.01), but no significant differences were found between healthy never-smokers and smokers. Furthermore, the particle deposition correlated with pulmonary function tests, FEV.sub.1%Pred (p < 0.05), FEV.sub.1/VC.sub.%Pred (p < 0.01) and D.sub.L,CO (p < 0.0005) when all subjects were included. Furthermore, for subjects with emphysema, deposition fraction correlated strongly with D.sub.L,CO (Pearson's r = 0.80-0.85, p < 0.002) while this correlation was not found within the other groups. Lower deposition fraction was observed for emphysematous subjects and this can be explained by enlarged distal airspaces in the lungs. As expected, deposition increases for smaller particles and deeper inhalation. The observed results have implications for exposure assessment of air pollution and dosimetry of aerosol-based drug delivery of nanoparticles. Background: Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable groups such as individuals with respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in lung deposition of nanoparticles in the distal lung for healthy subjects and subjects with respiratory disease. Methods: Lung deposition of nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm) was measured after a 10 s breath-hold for three groups: healthy never-smoking subjects (n = 17), asymptomatic (active and former) smokers (n = 15) and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 16). Measurements were made at 1300 mL and 1800 mL volumetric lung depth. Each subject also underwent conventional lung function tests, including post bronchodilator FEV1, VC, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, DL,CO. Patients with previously diagnosed respiratory disease underwent a CT-scan of the lungs. Particle lung deposition fraction, was compared between the groups and with conventional lung function tests. Results: We found that the deposition fraction was significantly lower for subjects with emphysema compared to the other subjects (p = 0.001-0.01), but no significant differences were found between healthy never-smokers and smokers. Furthermore, the particle deposition correlated with pulmonary function tests, FEV1%Pred (p &lt; 0.05), FEV1/VC%Pred (p &lt; 0.01) and DL,CO (p &lt; 0.0005) when all subjects were included. Furthermore, for subjects with emphysema, deposition fraction correlated strongly with DL,CO (Pearson's r = 0.80-0.85, p &lt; 0.002) while this correlation was not found within the other groups. Conclusions: Lower deposition fraction was observed for emphysematous subjects and this can be explained by enlarged distal airspaces in the lungs. As expected, deposition increases for smaller particles and deeper inhalation. The observed results have implications for exposure assessment of air pollution and dosimetry of aerosol-based drug delivery of nanoparticles. Experimental data of respiratory tract deposition of nanoparticles is limited to about 50 studies [10], most containing data for small groups (< 10 subjects). Because of differences in methodology and low numbers of subjects, it is not trivial to compare the results between studies or with theoretical models. [13] who reported decreased particle deposition for COPD subjects for particles < 100 nm and slightly increased lung deposition for larger particles. [...]depending on phenotype of COPD, the disease can both increase and decrease the deposition of inhaled aerosols. [...]a test aerosol was produced by aerosolizing polystyrene latex nanospheres (PSL) (Polymer Microsphere Suspension, Microgenics Corp, Fremont CA, US) with an electrospray aerosol generator (Model 3480, TSI Inc., Shoreview, MN, US). For the breathing pattern used, the respiratory flow-rates during inhalation and exhalation has previously been shown to have minimal influence on the measurements [27], as long as the total residence time in the lungs does not change. [...]the subjects could inhale and exhale at uncontrolled breathing flow-rates. Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable groups such as individuals with respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in lung deposition of nanoparticles in the distal lung for healthy subjects and subjects with respiratory disease.BACKGROUNDRespiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable groups such as individuals with respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in lung deposition of nanoparticles in the distal lung for healthy subjects and subjects with respiratory disease.Lung deposition of nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm) was measured after a 10 s breath-hold for three groups: healthy never-smoking subjects (n = 17), asymptomatic (active and former) smokers (n = 15) and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 16). Measurements were made at 1300 mL and 1800 mL volumetric lung depth. Each subject also underwent conventional lung function tests, including post bronchodilator FEV1, VC, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, DL,CO. Patients with previously diagnosed respiratory disease underwent a CT-scan of the lungs. Particle lung deposition fraction, was compared between the groups and with conventional lung function tests.METHODSLung deposition of nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm) was measured after a 10 s breath-hold for three groups: healthy never-smoking subjects (n = 17), asymptomatic (active and former) smokers (n = 15) and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 16). Measurements were made at 1300 mL and 1800 mL volumetric lung depth. Each subject also underwent conventional lung function tests, including post bronchodilator FEV1, VC, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, DL,CO. Patients with previously diagnosed respiratory disease underwent a CT-scan of the lungs. Particle lung deposition fraction, was compared between the groups and with conventional lung function tests.We found that the deposition fraction was significantly lower for subjects with emphysema compared to the other subjects (p = 0.001-0.01), but no significant differences were found between healthy never-smokers and smokers. Furthermore, the particle deposition correlated with pulmonary function tests, FEV1%Pred (p < 0.05), FEV1/VC%Pred (p < 0.01) and DL,CO (p < 0.0005) when all subjects were included. Furthermore, for subjects with emphysema, deposition fraction correlated strongly with DL,CO (Pearson's r = 0.80-0.85, p < 0.002) while this correlation was not found within the other groups.RESULTSWe found that the deposition fraction was significantly lower for subjects with emphysema compared to the other subjects (p = 0.001-0.01), but no significant differences were found between healthy never-smokers and smokers. Furthermore, the particle deposition correlated with pulmonary function tests, FEV1%Pred (p < 0.05), FEV1/VC%Pred (p < 0.01) and DL,CO (p < 0.0005) when all subjects were included. Furthermore, for subjects with emphysema, deposition fraction correlated strongly with DL,CO (Pearson's r = 0.80-0.85, p < 0.002) while this correlation was not found within the other groups.Lower deposition fraction was observed for emphysematous subjects and this can be explained by enlarged distal airspaces in the lungs. As expected, deposition increases for smaller particles and deeper inhalation. The observed results have implications for exposure assessment of air pollution and dosimetry of aerosol-based drug delivery of nanoparticles.CONCLUSIONSLower deposition fraction was observed for emphysematous subjects and this can be explained by enlarged distal airspaces in the lungs. As expected, deposition increases for smaller particles and deeper inhalation. The observed results have implications for exposure assessment of air pollution and dosimetry of aerosol-based drug delivery of nanoparticles. Background Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable groups such as individuals with respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in lung deposition of nanoparticles in the distal lung for healthy subjects and subjects with respiratory disease. Methods Lung deposition of nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm) was measured after a 10 s breath-hold for three groups: healthy never-smoking subjects (n = 17), asymptomatic (active and former) smokers (n = 15) and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 16). Measurements were made at 1300 mL and 1800 mL volumetric lung depth. Each subject also underwent conventional lung function tests, including post bronchodilator FEV.sub.1, VC, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, D.sub.L,CO. Patients with previously diagnosed respiratory disease underwent a CT-scan of the lungs. Particle lung deposition fraction, was compared between the groups and with conventional lung function tests. Results We found that the deposition fraction was significantly lower for subjects with emphysema compared to the other subjects (p = 0.001-0.01), but no significant differences were found between healthy never-smokers and smokers. Furthermore, the particle deposition correlated with pulmonary function tests, FEV.sub.1%Pred (p < 0.05), FEV.sub.1/VC.sub.%Pred (p < 0.01) and D.sub.L,CO (p < 0.0005) when all subjects were included. Furthermore, for subjects with emphysema, deposition fraction correlated strongly with D.sub.L,CO (Pearson's r = 0.80-0.85, p < 0.002) while this correlation was not found within the other groups. Conclusions Lower deposition fraction was observed for emphysematous subjects and this can be explained by enlarged distal airspaces in the lungs. As expected, deposition increases for smaller particles and deeper inhalation. The observed results have implications for exposure assessment of air pollution and dosimetry of aerosol-based drug delivery of nanoparticles. Keywords: Lung deposition, Nanoparticles, Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Inhalation exposure, Human, In vivo study |
| ArticleNumber | 129 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Gudmundsson, Anders Aaltonen, H Laura Löndahl, Jakob Jakobsson, Jonas K F Rissler, Jenny Wollmer, Per Nicklasson, Hanna |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jonas K F surname: Jakobsson fullname: Jakobsson, Jonas K F organization: Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University – sequence: 2 givenname: H Laura surname: Aaltonen fullname: Aaltonen, H Laura organization: Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University – sequence: 3 givenname: Hanna surname: Nicklasson fullname: Nicklasson, Hanna organization: Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University – sequence: 4 givenname: Anders surname: Gudmundsson fullname: Gudmundsson, Anders organization: Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University – sequence: 5 givenname: Jenny surname: Rissler fullname: Rissler, Jenny organization: Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden – sequence: 6 givenname: Per surname: Wollmer fullname: Wollmer, Per organization: Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University – sequence: 7 givenname: Jakob orcidid: 0000-0001-9379-592X surname: Löndahl fullname: Löndahl, Jakob email: jakob.londahl@design.lth.se organization: Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30081885$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-37287$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/a0ca3f01-a191-4f7d-bfa8-763a892d35cf$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index oai:portal.research.lu.se:publications/a0ca3f01-a191-4f7d-bfa8-763a892d35cf$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index |
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| CorporateAuthor | Institutioner vid LTH Faculty of Engineering, LTH Lunds Tekniska Högskola Radiology Diagnostics, Malmö Strategiska forskningsområden (SFO) Ergonomi och aerosolteknologi Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Malmö Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience Medicinska fakulteten Departments at LTH Institutionen för translationell medicin Department of Translational Medicine Profile areas and other strong research environments Lunds universitet Lund University Department of Design Sciences Institutionen för designvetenskaper Diagnostisk radiologi, Malmö Faculty of Medicine Klinisk fysiologi och nuklearmedicin, Malmö Strategic research areas (SRA) Medicinsk strålningsfysik, Malmö Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer |
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Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable... Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable groups such as... Background Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable... Experimental data of respiratory tract deposition of nanoparticles is limited to about 50 studies [10], most containing data for small groups (< 10 subjects).... Background: Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable... BACKGROUND: Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable... Abstract Background Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for... |
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| SubjectTerms | adult Aerosols Aged Air pollution asymptomatic disease bioaccumulation breath holding bronchodilating agent carbon monoxide Case-Control Studies Chronic obstructive lung disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Clinical Medicine computer assisted tomography controlled study COPD and occupational lung disease Critical Care Medicine Development and progression Disease Efficiency Emphysema Female forced expiratory volume Health aspects Health care Human Humans In vivo study Inhalation Exposure Intensive Internal Medicine Klinisk medicin Lung deposition lung diffusion capacity Lung diseases lung emphysema lung function test Lungmedicin och allergi Lungs major clinical study Male measurement Medical and Health Sciences Medicin och hälsovetenskap Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged nanoparticle Nanoparticles Nanoparticles - administration & dosage Nanoparticles - analysis Obstructive lung disease Outdoor air quality Particle size Physiological aspects Pneumology/Respiratory System Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - physiopathology Pulmonary Emphysema - physiopathology Pulmonology Research Article Respiratory diseases Respiratory Function Tests Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Risk factors smoking Smoking - physiopathology Studies Sweden Tissue Distribution Tomography vital capacity volumetry |
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| Title | Altered deposition of inhaled nanoparticles in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12890-018-0697-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30081885 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2089859644 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2084915530 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6080394 https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-37287 https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/a0ca3f01-a191-4f7d-bfa8-763a892d35cf oai:portal.research.lu.se:publications/a0ca3f01-a191-4f7d-bfa8-763a892d35cf https://doaj.org/article/997ee24d8252451d84f46e1186f9ed26 |
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