Differences of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Disease Severity in Four Major Dementias
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) negatively impact the prognosis of dementia patients and increase caregiver distress. The aims of this study were to clarify the differences of trajectories of 12 kinds of BPSDs by disease severity in four major dementias and to develop chart...
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| Published in | PloS one Vol. 11; no. 8; p. e0161092 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
Public Library of Science
18.08.2016
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| Abstract | Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) negatively impact the prognosis of dementia patients and increase caregiver distress. The aims of this study were to clarify the differences of trajectories of 12 kinds of BPSDs by disease severity in four major dementias and to develop charts showing the frequency, severity, and associated caregiver distress (ACD) of BPSDs using the data of a Japan multicenter study (J-BIRD).
We gathered Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) data of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 1091), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB; n = 249), vascular dementia (VaD; n = 156), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD; n = 102) collected during a 5-year period up to July 31, 2013 in seven centers for dementia in Japan. The NPI composite scores (frequency × severity) of 12 kinds of items were analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA) in each dementia. The factor scores of the PCA were compared in each dementia by disease severity, which was determined with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR).
Significant increases with higher CDR scores were observed in 1) two of the three factor scores which were loaded for all items except euphoria in AD, 2) two of the four factor scores for apathy, aberrant motor behavior (AMB), sleep disturbances, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 3) one of the four factor scores for apathy, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in VaD. However, no increases were observed in any of the five factor scores in FTLD.
As dementia progresses, several BPSDs become more severe, including 1) apathy and sleep disturbances in AD, DLB, and VaD, 2) all of the BPSDs except euphoria in AD, 3) AMB, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 4) depression and anxiety in VaD. Trajectories of BPSDs in FTLD were unclear. |
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| AbstractList | Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) negatively impact the prognosis of dementia patients and increase caregiver distress. The aims of this study were to clarify the differences of trajectories of 12 kinds of BPSDs by disease severity in four major dementias and to develop charts showing the frequency, severity, and associated caregiver distress (ACD) of BPSDs using the data of a Japan multicenter study (J-BIRD). We gathered Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) data of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 1091), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB; n = 249), vascular dementia (VaD; n = 156), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD; n = 102) collected during a 5-year period up to July 31, 2013 in seven centers for dementia in Japan. The NPI composite scores (frequency x severity) of 12 kinds of items were analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA) in each dementia. The factor scores of the PCA were compared in each dementia by disease severity, which was determined with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Significant increases with higher CDR scores were observed in 1) two of the three factor scores which were loaded for all items except euphoria in AD, 2) two of the four factor scores for apathy, aberrant motor behavior (AMB), sleep disturbances, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 3) one of the four factor scores for apathy, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in VaD. However, no increases were observed in any of the five factor scores in FTLD. As dementia progresses, several BPSDs become more severe, including 1) apathy and sleep disturbances in AD, DLB, and VaD, 2) all of the BPSDs except euphoria in AD, 3) AMB, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 4) depression and anxiety in VaD. Trajectories of BPSDs in FTLD were unclear. Background/Aims Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) negatively impact the prognosis of dementia patients and increase caregiver distress. The aims of this study were to clarify the differences of trajectories of 12 kinds of BPSDs by disease severity in four major dementias and to develop charts showing the frequency, severity, and associated caregiver distress (ACD) of BPSDs using the data of a Japan multicenter study (J-BIRD). Methods We gathered Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) data of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 1091), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB; n = 249), vascular dementia (VaD; n = 156), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD; n = 102) collected during a 5-year period up to July 31, 2013 in seven centers for dementia in Japan. The NPI composite scores (frequency severity) of 12 kinds of items were analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA) in each dementia. The factor scores of the PCA were compared in each dementia by disease severity, which was determined with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Results Significant increases with higher CDR scores were observed in 1) two of the three factor scores which were loaded for all items except euphoria in AD, 2) two of the four factor scores for apathy, aberrant motor behavior (AMB), sleep disturbances, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 3) one of the four factor scores for apathy, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in VaD. However, no increases were observed in any of the five factor scores in FTLD. Conclusions As dementia progresses, several BPSDs become more severe, including 1) apathy and sleep disturbances in AD, DLB, and VaD, 2) all of the BPSDs except euphoria in AD, 3) AMB, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 4) depression and anxiety in VaD. Trajectories of BPSDs in FTLD were unclear. Background/Aims Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) negatively impact the prognosis of dementia patients and increase caregiver distress. The aims of this study were to clarify the differences of trajectories of 12 kinds of BPSDs by disease severity in four major dementias and to develop charts showing the frequency, severity, and associated caregiver distress (ACD) of BPSDs using the data of a Japan multicenter study (J-BIRD). Methods We gathered Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) data of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 1091), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB; n = 249), vascular dementia (VaD; n = 156), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD; n = 102) collected during a 5-year period up to July 31, 2013 in seven centers for dementia in Japan. The NPI composite scores (frequency x severity) of 12 kinds of items were analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA) in each dementia. The factor scores of the PCA were compared in each dementia by disease severity, which was determined with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Results Significant increases with higher CDR scores were observed in 1) two of the three factor scores which were loaded for all items except euphoria in AD, 2) two of the four factor scores for apathy, aberrant motor behavior (AMB), sleep disturbances, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 3) one of the four factor scores for apathy, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in VaD. However, no increases were observed in any of the five factor scores in FTLD. Conclusions As dementia progresses, several BPSDs become more severe, including 1) apathy and sleep disturbances in AD, DLB, and VaD, 2) all of the BPSDs except euphoria in AD, 3) AMB, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 4) depression and anxiety in VaD. Trajectories of BPSDs in FTLD were unclear. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) negatively impact the prognosis of dementia patients and increase caregiver distress. The aims of this study were to clarify the differences of trajectories of 12 kinds of BPSDs by disease severity in four major dementias and to develop charts showing the frequency, severity, and associated caregiver distress (ACD) of BPSDs using the data of a Japan multicenter study (J-BIRD). We gathered Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) data of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 1091), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB; n = 249), vascular dementia (VaD; n = 156), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD; n = 102) collected during a 5-year period up to July 31, 2013 in seven centers for dementia in Japan. The NPI composite scores (frequency × severity) of 12 kinds of items were analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA) in each dementia. The factor scores of the PCA were compared in each dementia by disease severity, which was determined with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Significant increases with higher CDR scores were observed in 1) two of the three factor scores which were loaded for all items except euphoria in AD, 2) two of the four factor scores for apathy, aberrant motor behavior (AMB), sleep disturbances, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 3) one of the four factor scores for apathy, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in VaD. However, no increases were observed in any of the five factor scores in FTLD. As dementia progresses, several BPSDs become more severe, including 1) apathy and sleep disturbances in AD, DLB, and VaD, 2) all of the BPSDs except euphoria in AD, 3) AMB, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 4) depression and anxiety in VaD. Trajectories of BPSDs in FTLD were unclear. Background/Aims Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) negatively impact the prognosis of dementia patients and increase caregiver distress. The aims of this study were to clarify the differences of trajectories of 12 kinds of BPSDs by disease severity in four major dementias and to develop charts showing the frequency, severity, and associated caregiver distress (ACD) of BPSDs using the data of a Japan multicenter study (J-BIRD). Methods We gathered Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) data of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD; n = 1091), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB; n = 249), vascular dementia (VaD; n = 156), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD; n = 102) collected during a 5-year period up to July 31, 2013 in seven centers for dementia in Japan. The NPI composite scores (frequency × severity) of 12 kinds of items were analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA) in each dementia. The factor scores of the PCA were compared in each dementia by disease severity, which was determined with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Results Significant increases with higher CDR scores were observed in 1) two of the three factor scores which were loaded for all items except euphoria in AD, 2) two of the four factor scores for apathy, aberrant motor behavior (AMB), sleep disturbances, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 3) one of the four factor scores for apathy, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in VaD. However, no increases were observed in any of the five factor scores in FTLD. Conclusions As dementia progresses, several BPSDs become more severe, including 1) apathy and sleep disturbances in AD, DLB, and VaD, 2) all of the BPSDs except euphoria in AD, 3) AMB, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 4) depression and anxiety in VaD. Trajectories of BPSDs in FTLD were unclear. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) negatively impact the prognosis of dementia patients and increase caregiver distress. The aims of this study were to clarify the differences of trajectories of 12 kinds of BPSDs by disease severity in four major dementias and to develop charts showing the frequency, severity, and associated caregiver distress (ACD) of BPSDs using the data of a Japan multicenter study (J-BIRD).We gathered Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) data of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 1091), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB; n = 249), vascular dementia (VaD; n = 156), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD; n = 102) collected during a 5-year period up to July 31, 2013 in seven centers for dementia in Japan. The NPI composite scores (frequency × severity) of 12 kinds of items were analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA) in each dementia. The factor scores of the PCA were compared in each dementia by disease severity, which was determined with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR).Significant increases with higher CDR scores were observed in 1) two of the three factor scores which were loaded for all items except euphoria in AD, 2) two of the four factor scores for apathy, aberrant motor behavior (AMB), sleep disturbances, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 3) one of the four factor scores for apathy, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in VaD. However, no increases were observed in any of the five factor scores in FTLD.As dementia progresses, several BPSDs become more severe, including 1) apathy and sleep disturbances in AD, DLB, and VaD, 2) all of the BPSDs except euphoria in AD, 3) AMB, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 4) depression and anxiety in VaD. Trajectories of BPSDs in FTLD were unclear. BACKGROUND/AIMSBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) negatively impact the prognosis of dementia patients and increase caregiver distress. The aims of this study were to clarify the differences of trajectories of 12 kinds of BPSDs by disease severity in four major dementias and to develop charts showing the frequency, severity, and associated caregiver distress (ACD) of BPSDs using the data of a Japan multicenter study (J-BIRD).METHODSWe gathered Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) data of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 1091), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB; n = 249), vascular dementia (VaD; n = 156), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD; n = 102) collected during a 5-year period up to July 31, 2013 in seven centers for dementia in Japan. The NPI composite scores (frequency × severity) of 12 kinds of items were analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA) in each dementia. The factor scores of the PCA were compared in each dementia by disease severity, which was determined with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR).RESULTSSignificant increases with higher CDR scores were observed in 1) two of the three factor scores which were loaded for all items except euphoria in AD, 2) two of the four factor scores for apathy, aberrant motor behavior (AMB), sleep disturbances, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 3) one of the four factor scores for apathy, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in VaD. However, no increases were observed in any of the five factor scores in FTLD.CONCLUSIONSAs dementia progresses, several BPSDs become more severe, including 1) apathy and sleep disturbances in AD, DLB, and VaD, 2) all of the BPSDs except euphoria in AD, 3) AMB, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 4) depression and anxiety in VaD. Trajectories of BPSDs in FTLD were unclear. Background/Aims Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) negatively impact the prognosis of dementia patients and increase caregiver distress. The aims of this study were to clarify the differences of trajectories of 12 kinds of BPSDs by disease severity in four major dementias and to develop charts showing the frequency, severity, and associated caregiver distress (ACD) of BPSDs using the data of a Japan multicenter study (J-BIRD). Methods We gathered Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) data of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD; n = 1091), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB; n = 249), vascular dementia (VaD; n = 156), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD; n = 102) collected during a 5-year period up to July 31, 2013 in seven centers for dementia in Japan. The NPI composite scores (frequency × severity) of 12 kinds of items were analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA) in each dementia. The factor scores of the PCA were compared in each dementia by disease severity, which was determined with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Results Significant increases with higher CDR scores were observed in 1) two of the three factor scores which were loaded for all items except euphoria in AD, 2) two of the four factor scores for apathy, aberrant motor behavior (AMB), sleep disturbances, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 3) one of the four factor scores for apathy, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in VaD. However, no increases were observed in any of the five factor scores in FTLD. Conclusions As dementia progresses, several BPSDs become more severe, including 1) apathy and sleep disturbances in AD, DLB, and VaD, 2) all of the BPSDs except euphoria in AD, 3) AMB, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 4) depression and anxiety in VaD. Trajectories of BPSDs in FTLD were unclear. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Matsushita, Masateru Tanaka, Hibiki Adachi, Hiroyoshi Tanaka, Toshihisa Kazui, Hiroaki Mori, Etsuro Ikeda, Manabu Yokoyama, Kazumasa Yoshida, Taku Komori, Kenjiro Kanemoto, Hideki Yoshiyama, Kenji Kashibayashi, Tetsuo Matsumoto, Teruhisa Suzuki, Yukiko Hatada, Yutaka Shimomura, Tatsuo Hashimoto, Mamoru Nishio, Yoshiyuki Mori, Takaaki Kabeshita, Yasunobu Tanimukai, Satoshi Sato, Shunsuke Shimizu, Hideaki |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan 8 Department of Dementia Research, Akita Prefectural Center for Rehabilitation and Psychiatric Medicine, Daisen, Akita, Japan Taipei Veterans General Hospital, TAIWAN 7 Departments of Neurology and Cognitive disorders, Hyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Center at Nishi-harima, Tatsuno, Hyogo, Japan 2 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan 4 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan 5 Comprehensive community care for elderly, nursing and Health science, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan 9 The Sleep Medical Center of Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan 10 Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Health Care Center, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan 6 Zaidan-Niihama Hospital, Niihama, Ehime, Japan 1 Department of Psychiatry, O |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 6 Zaidan-Niihama Hospital, Niihama, Ehime, Japan – name: 1 Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan – name: 2 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan – name: 10 Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Health Care Center, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan – name: 7 Departments of Neurology and Cognitive disorders, Hyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Center at Nishi-harima, Tatsuno, Hyogo, Japan – name: Taipei Veterans General Hospital, TAIWAN – name: 3 Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan – name: 5 Comprehensive community care for elderly, nursing and Health science, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan – name: 9 The Sleep Medical Center of Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan – name: 8 Department of Dementia Research, Akita Prefectural Center for Rehabilitation and Psychiatric Medicine, Daisen, Akita, Japan – name: 4 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hiroaki surname: Kazui fullname: Kazui, Hiroaki organization: Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan – sequence: 2 givenname: Kenji surname: Yoshiyama fullname: Yoshiyama, Kenji organization: Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan – sequence: 3 givenname: Hideki surname: Kanemoto fullname: Kanemoto, Hideki organization: Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan – sequence: 4 givenname: Yukiko surname: Suzuki fullname: Suzuki, Yukiko organization: Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan – sequence: 5 givenname: Shunsuke surname: Sato fullname: Sato, Shunsuke organization: Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan – sequence: 6 givenname: Mamoru surname: Hashimoto fullname: Hashimoto, Mamoru organization: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan – sequence: 7 givenname: Manabu surname: Ikeda fullname: Ikeda, Manabu organization: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan – sequence: 8 givenname: Hibiki surname: Tanaka fullname: Tanaka, Hibiki organization: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan – sequence: 9 givenname: Yutaka surname: Hatada fullname: Hatada, Yutaka organization: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan – sequence: 10 givenname: Masateru surname: Matsushita fullname: Matsushita, Masateru organization: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan – sequence: 11 givenname: Yoshiyuki surname: Nishio fullname: Nishio, Yoshiyuki organization: Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan – sequence: 12 givenname: Etsuro surname: Mori fullname: Mori, Etsuro organization: Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan – sequence: 13 givenname: Satoshi surname: Tanimukai fullname: Tanimukai, Satoshi organization: Comprehensive community care for elderly, nursing and Health science, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan – sequence: 14 givenname: Kenjiro surname: Komori fullname: Komori, Kenjiro organization: Zaidan-Niihama Hospital, Niihama, Ehime, Japan – sequence: 15 givenname: Taku surname: Yoshida fullname: Yoshida, Taku organization: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan – sequence: 16 givenname: Hideaki surname: Shimizu fullname: Shimizu, Hideaki organization: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan – sequence: 17 givenname: Teruhisa surname: Matsumoto fullname: Matsumoto, Teruhisa organization: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan – sequence: 18 givenname: Takaaki surname: Mori fullname: Mori, Takaaki organization: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan – sequence: 19 givenname: Tetsuo surname: Kashibayashi fullname: Kashibayashi, Tetsuo organization: Departments of Neurology and Cognitive disorders, Hyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Center at Nishi-harima, Tatsuno, Hyogo, Japan – sequence: 20 givenname: Kazumasa surname: Yokoyama fullname: Yokoyama, Kazumasa organization: Departments of Neurology and Cognitive disorders, Hyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Center at Nishi-harima, Tatsuno, Hyogo, Japan – sequence: 21 givenname: Tatsuo surname: Shimomura fullname: Shimomura, Tatsuo organization: Department of Dementia Research, Akita Prefectural Center for Rehabilitation and Psychiatric Medicine, Daisen, Akita, Japan – sequence: 22 givenname: Yasunobu surname: Kabeshita fullname: Kabeshita, Yasunobu organization: Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Health Care Center, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan – sequence: 23 givenname: Hiroyoshi surname: Adachi fullname: Adachi, Hiroyoshi organization: Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Health Care Center, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan – sequence: 24 givenname: Toshihisa surname: Tanaka fullname: Tanaka, Toshihisa organization: Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27536962$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceptualization: H. Kazui. Data curation: K. Yoshiyama H. Kanemoto YS SS HT YH MM YN TY HS T. Matsumoto T. Mori TK TS YK HA. Formal analysis: H. Kazui. Funding acquisition: H. Kazui. Investigation: H. Kazui MH MI EM ST KK K. Yokoyama TT K. Yoshiyama H. Kanemoto YS SS HT YH MM YN TY HS T. Matsumoto T. Mori TK TS. Methodology: H. Kazui MH MI EM ST KK K. Yokoyama TT. Project administration: H. Kazui MH MI EM ST KK K. Yokoyama TT. Visualization: H. Kazui. Writing - original draft: H. Kazui. Writing - review & editing: H. Kazui MH MI EM ST KK K. Yokoyama TT YK HA. |
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| Snippet | Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) negatively impact the prognosis of dementia patients and increase caregiver distress. The aims of... Background/Aims Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) negatively impact the prognosis of dementia patients and increase caregiver distress.... BACKGROUND/AIMSBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) negatively impact the prognosis of dementia patients and increase caregiver distress.... Background/Aims Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) negatively impact the prognosis of dementia patients and increase caregiver distress.... |
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| Title | Differences of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Disease Severity in Four Major Dementias |
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