Increased Serum Sodium and Serum Osmolarity Are Independent Risk Factors for Developing Chronic Kidney Disease; 5 Year Cohort Study

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 12; no. 1; p. e0169137
• Main Authors: Kuwabara, Masanari, Hisatome, Ichiro, Roncal-Jimenez, Carlos A., Niwa, Koichiro, Andres-Hernando, Ana, Jensen, Thomas, Bjornstad, Petter, Milagres, Tamara, Cicerchi, Christina, Song, Zhilin, Garcia, Gabriela, Sánchez-Lozada, Laura G., Ohno, Minoru, Lanaspa, Miguel A., Johnson, Richard J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 12.01.2017; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aldehyde reductase; Biology and Life Sciences; Body mass; Body mass index; Body size; Cardiology; Chronic kidney failure; Cohort analysis; Complications and side effects; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dehydration; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Drug therapy; Dyslipidemia; Epidemics; Female; Fructokinase; Health care; Health risks; Heart attacks; Heat stress; Heat tolerance; Hospitals; Humans; Hypertension; Hyperuricemia; Injury prevention; Japan; Kidney diseases; Kidney transplantation; Kidneys; Laboratories; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metabolic disorders; Middle Aged; Nephrology; Obesity; Osmolar Concentration; Osmolarity; Osmosis; Osmotic pressure; Physical Sciences; Population; Potassium; Prevalence; Preventive medicine; Regression analysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - blood; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - epidemiology; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - etiology; Research and Analysis Methods; Retrospective Studies; Risk analysis; Risk Factors; Rodents; Salts; Sex Factors; Sodium; Sodium (Chemical element); Sodium - blood; Studies; Sugarcane; Transplants & implants; Urinary Calculi - blood; Urinary Calculi - complications; Urinary Calculi - epidemiology; Vasopressin

Epidemics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) not due to diabetes mellitus (DM) or hypertension have been observed among individuals working in hot environments in several areas of the world. Experimental models have documented that recurrent heat stress and water restriction can lead to CKD, and the me...