Effect of N Fertilization Pattern on Rice Yield, N Use Efficiency and Fertilizer–N Fate in the Yangtze River Basin, China

High N loss and low N use efficiency (NUE), caused by high N fertilizer inputs and inappropriate fertilization patterns, have become important issues in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) growing regions of southern China. Changing current farmer fertilizer practice (FFP, 225 kg ha-1 N as three applications...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 11; no. 11; p. e0166002
Main Authors Liu, Xiaowei, Wang, Huoyan, Zhou, Jianmin, Hu, Fengqin, Zhu, Dejin, Chen, Zhaoming, Liu, Yongzhe
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 18.11.2016
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects
Agricultural practices
Agricultural production
Agriculture
Agrochemicals
Biology and Life Sciences
Biomass
China
Chlorophyll
Crop yield
Efficiency
Environmental impact
Fertilization
Fertilizers
Freshwater
Jointing
Laboratories
Methods
Nitrogen
Nutrient content
Nutrient uptake
Oryza
Oryza sativa
People and Places
Physical Sciences
Research and Analysis Methods
Rice
Rice yield
River basins
Rivers
Sandy soils
Science
Soil - chemistry
Soil sciences
Sustainable agriculture
Technology application
Urea
Weather
Beijing China
China
Yangtze River
China, People's Rep., Changjiang R
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Abstract High N loss and low N use efficiency (NUE), caused by high N fertilizer inputs and inappropriate fertilization patterns, have become important issues in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) growing regions of southern China. Changing current farmer fertilizer practice (FFP, 225 kg ha-1 N as three applications, 40% as basal fertilizer, 30% as tillering fertilizer and 30% as jointing fertilizer) to one-time root-zone fertilization (RZF, 225 kg ha-1 N applied once into 10 cm deep holes positioned 5 cm from the rice root as basal fertilizer) will address this problem. A two-year field experiment covering two rice growing regions was conducted to investigate the effect of urea one-time RZF on rice growth, nutrient uptake, and NUE. The highest NH4+-N content for RZF at fertilizer point at 30 d and 60 d after fertilization were 861.8 and 369.9 mg kg-1 higher than FFP, respectively. Rice yield and total N accumulation of RZF increased by 4.3-44.9% and 12.7-111.2% compared to FFP, respectively. RZF reduced fertilizer-N loss by 56.3-81.9% compared to FFP. The NUEs following RZF (mean of 65.8% for the difference method and 43.7% for the labelled method) were significantly higher than FFP (mean of 35.7% for the difference method and 14.4% for the labelled method). In conclusion, RZF maintained substantial levels of fertilizer-N in the root-zone, which led to enhanced rice biomass and N uptake during the early growth stages, increased fertilizer-N residual levels and reduced fertilizer-N loss at harvest. RZF produced a higher yield increment and showed an increased capacity to resist environmental threats than FFP in sandy soils. Therefore, adopting suitable fertilizer patterns plays a key role in enhancing agricultural benefits.
AbstractList High N loss and low N use efficiency (NUE), caused by high N fertilizer inputs and inappropriate fertilization patterns, have become important issues in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) growing regions of southern China. Changing current farmer fertilizer practice (FFP, 225 kg ha.sup.-1 N as three applications, 40% as basal fertilizer, 30% as tillering fertilizer and 30% as jointing fertilizer) to one-time root-zone fertilization (RZF, 225 kg ha.sup.-1 N applied once into 10 cm deep holes positioned 5 cm from the rice root as basal fertilizer) will address this problem. A two-year field experiment covering two rice growing regions was conducted to investigate the effect of urea one-time RZF on rice growth, nutrient uptake, and NUE. The highest NH.sub.4 .sup.+ -N content for RZF at fertilizer point at 30 d and 60 d after fertilization were 861.8 and 369.9 mg kg.sup.-1 higher than FFP, respectively. Rice yield and total N accumulation of RZF increased by 4.3-44.9% and 12.7-111.2% compared to FFP, respectively. RZF reduced fertilizer-N loss by 56.3-81.9% compared to FFP. The NUEs following RZF (mean of 65.8% for the difference method and 43.7% for the labelled method) were significantly higher than FFP (mean of 35.7% for the difference method and 14.4% for the labelled method). In conclusion, RZF maintained substantial levels of fertilizer-N in the root-zone, which led to enhanced rice biomass and N uptake during the early growth stages, increased fertilizer-N residual levels and reduced fertilizer-N loss at harvest. RZF produced a higher yield increment and showed an increased capacity to resist environmental threats than FFP in sandy soils. Therefore, adopting suitable fertilizer patterns plays a key role in enhancing agricultural benefits.
High N loss and low N use efficiency (NUE), caused by high N fertilizer inputs and inappropriate fertilization patterns, have become important issues in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) growing regions of southern China. Changing current farmer fertilizer practice (FFP, 225 kg ha-1 N as three applications, 40% as basal fertilizer, 30% as tillering fertilizer and 30% as jointing fertilizer) to one-time root-zone fertilization (RZF, 225 kg ha-1 N applied once into 10 cm deep holes positioned 5 cm from the rice root as basal fertilizer) will address this problem. A two-year field experiment covering two rice growing regions was conducted to investigate the effect of urea one-time RZF on rice growth, nutrient uptake, and NUE. The highest NH4+-N content for RZF at fertilizer point at 30 d and 60 d after fertilization were 861.8 and 369.9 mg kg-1 higher than FFP, respectively. Rice yield and total N accumulation of RZF increased by 4.3-44.9% and 12.7-111.2% compared to FFP, respectively. RZF reduced fertilizer-N loss by 56.3-81.9% compared to FFP. The NUEs following RZF (mean of 65.8% for the difference method and 43.7% for the labelled method) were significantly higher than FFP (mean of 35.7% for the difference method and 14.4% for the labelled method). In conclusion, RZF maintained substantial levels of fertilizer-N in the root-zone, which led to enhanced rice biomass and N uptake during the early growth stages, increased fertilizer-N residual levels and reduced fertilizer-N loss at harvest. RZF produced a higher yield increment and showed an increased capacity to resist environmental threats than FFP in sandy soils. Therefore, adopting suitable fertilizer patterns plays a key role in enhancing agricultural benefits.
High N loss and low N use efficiency (NUE), caused by high N fertilizer inputs and inappropriate fertilization patterns, have become important issues in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) growing regions of southern China. Changing current farmer fertilizer practice (FFP, 225 kg ha-1 N as three applications, 40% as basal fertilizer, 30% as tillering fertilizer and 30% as jointing fertilizer) to one-time root-zone fertilization (RZF, 225 kg ha-1 N applied once into 10 cm deep holes positioned 5 cm from the rice root as basal fertilizer) will address this problem. A two-year field experiment covering two rice growing regions was conducted to investigate the effect of urea one-time RZF on rice growth, nutrient uptake, and NUE. The highest NH4+-N content for RZF at fertilizer point at 30 d and 60 d after fertilization were 861.8 and 369.9 mg kg-1 higher than FFP, respectively. Rice yield and total N accumulation of RZF increased by 4.3-44.9% and 12.7-111.2% compared to FFP, respectively. RZF reduced fertilizer-N loss by 56.3-81.9% compared to FFP. The NUEs following RZF (mean of 65.8% for the difference method and 43.7% for the labelled method) were significantly higher than FFP (mean of 35.7% for the difference method and 14.4% for the labelled method). In conclusion, RZF maintained substantial levels of fertilizer-N in the root-zone, which led to enhanced rice biomass and N uptake during the early growth stages, increased fertilizer-N residual levels and reduced fertilizer-N loss at harvest. RZF produced a higher yield increment and showed an increased capacity to resist environmental threats than FFP in sandy soils. Therefore, adopting suitable fertilizer patterns plays a key role in enhancing agricultural benefits.High N loss and low N use efficiency (NUE), caused by high N fertilizer inputs and inappropriate fertilization patterns, have become important issues in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) growing regions of southern China. Changing current farmer fertilizer practice (FFP, 225 kg ha-1 N as three applications, 40% as basal fertilizer, 30% as tillering fertilizer and 30% as jointing fertilizer) to one-time root-zone fertilization (RZF, 225 kg ha-1 N applied once into 10 cm deep holes positioned 5 cm from the rice root as basal fertilizer) will address this problem. A two-year field experiment covering two rice growing regions was conducted to investigate the effect of urea one-time RZF on rice growth, nutrient uptake, and NUE. The highest NH4+-N content for RZF at fertilizer point at 30 d and 60 d after fertilization were 861.8 and 369.9 mg kg-1 higher than FFP, respectively. Rice yield and total N accumulation of RZF increased by 4.3-44.9% and 12.7-111.2% compared to FFP, respectively. RZF reduced fertilizer-N loss by 56.3-81.9% compared to FFP. The NUEs following RZF (mean of 65.8% for the difference method and 43.7% for the labelled method) were significantly higher than FFP (mean of 35.7% for the difference method and 14.4% for the labelled method). In conclusion, RZF maintained substantial levels of fertilizer-N in the root-zone, which led to enhanced rice biomass and N uptake during the early growth stages, increased fertilizer-N residual levels and reduced fertilizer-N loss at harvest. RZF produced a higher yield increment and showed an increased capacity to resist environmental threats than FFP in sandy soils. Therefore, adopting suitable fertilizer patterns plays a key role in enhancing agricultural benefits.
High N loss and low N use efficiency (NUE), caused by high N fertilizer inputs and inappropriate fertilization patterns, have become important issues in the rice ( Oryza sativa L.) growing regions of southern China. Changing current farmer fertilizer practice (FFP, 225 kg ha –1 N as three applications, 40% as basal fertilizer, 30% as tillering fertilizer and 30% as jointing fertilizer) to one—time root—zone fertilization (RZF, 225 kg ha –1 N applied once into 10 cm deep holes positioned 5 cm from the rice root as basal fertilizer) will address this problem. A two—year field experiment covering two rice growing regions was conducted to investigate the effect of urea one—time RZF on rice growth, nutrient uptake, and NUE. The highest NH 4 + –N content for RZF at fertilizer point at 30 d and 60 d after fertilization were 861.8 and 369.9 mg kg –1 higher than FFP, respectively. Rice yield and total N accumulation of RZF increased by 4.3–44.9% and 12.7–111.2% compared to FFP, respectively. RZF reduced fertilizer—N loss by 56.3–81.9% compared to FFP. The NUEs following RZF (mean of 65.8% for the difference method and 43.7% for the labelled method) were significantly higher than FFP (mean of 35.7% for the difference method and 14.4% for the labelled method). In conclusion, RZF maintained substantial levels of fertilizer—N in the root—zone, which led to enhanced rice biomass and N uptake during the early growth stages, increased fertilizer—N residual levels and reduced fertilizer—N loss at harvest. RZF produced a higher yield increment and showed an increased capacity to resist environmental threats than FFP in sandy soils. Therefore, adopting suitable fertilizer patterns plays a key role in enhancing agricultural benefits.
High N loss and low N use efficiency (NUE), caused by high N fertilizer inputs and inappropriate fertilization patterns, have become important issues in the rice ( Oryza sativa L.) growing regions of southern China. Changing current farmer fertilizer practice (FFP, 225 kg ha –1 N as three applications, 40% as basal fertilizer, 30% as tillering fertilizer and 30% as jointing fertilizer) to one—time root—zone fertilization (RZF, 225 kg ha –1 N applied once into 10 cm deep holes positioned 5 cm from the rice root as basal fertilizer) will address this problem. A two—year field experiment covering two rice growing regions was conducted to investigate the effect of urea one—time RZF on rice growth, nutrient uptake, and NUE. The highest NH 4 + –N content for RZF at fertilizer point at 30 d and 60 d after fertilization were 861.8 and 369.9 mg kg –1 higher than FFP, respectively. Rice yield and total N accumulation of RZF increased by 4.3–44.9% and 12.7–111.2% compared to FFP, respectively. RZF reduced fertilizer—N loss by 56.3–81.9% compared to FFP. The NUEs following RZF (mean of 65.8% for the difference method and 43.7% for the labelled method) were significantly higher than FFP (mean of 35.7% for the difference method and 14.4% for the labelled method). In conclusion, RZF maintained substantial levels of fertilizer—N in the root—zone, which led to enhanced rice biomass and N uptake during the early growth stages, increased fertilizer—N residual levels and reduced fertilizer—N loss at harvest. RZF produced a higher yield increment and showed an increased capacity to resist environmental threats than FFP in sandy soils. Therefore, adopting suitable fertilizer patterns plays a key role in enhancing agricultural benefits.
Audience Academic
Author Liu, Xiaowei
Wang, Huoyan
Zhu, Dejin
Chen, Zhaoming
Hu, Fengqin
Liu, Yongzhe
Zhou, Jianmin
AuthorAffiliation 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
1 State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China
University of Delhi, INDIA
3 Agriculture Committee of Jiangyan City, Taizhou, 225599, P.R. China
4 Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
– name: University of Delhi, INDIA
– name: 1 State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China
– name: 3 Agriculture Committee of Jiangyan City, Taizhou, 225599, P.R. China
– name: 4 Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Xiaowei
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Xiaowei
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Huoyan
  surname: Wang
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  givenname: Jianmin
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  fullname: Zhu, Dejin
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  givenname: Zhaoming
  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Zhaoming
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Yongzhe
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Yongzhe
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27861491$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
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– notice: 2016 Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Conceptualization: XWL HYW.Formal analysis: XWL.Funding acquisition: HYW JMZ.Investigation: XWL DJZ YZL.Methodology: XWL HYW.Project administration: XWL HYW DJZ.Writing – original draft: XWL.Writing – review & editing: XWL HYW FQH ZMC.
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Snippet High N loss and low N use efficiency (NUE), caused by high N fertilizer inputs and inappropriate fertilization patterns, have become important issues in the...
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SubjectTerms Agricultural practices
Agricultural production
Agriculture
Agrochemicals
Biology and Life Sciences
Biomass
China
Chlorophyll
Crop yield
Efficiency
Environmental impact
Fertilization
Fertilizers
Freshwater
Jointing
Laboratories
Methods
Nitrogen
Nutrient content
Nutrient uptake
Oryza
Oryza sativa
People and Places
Physical Sciences
Research and Analysis Methods
Rice
Rice yield
River basins
Rivers
Sandy soils
Science
Soil - chemistry
Soil sciences
Sustainable agriculture
Technology application
Urea
Weather
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Title Effect of N Fertilization Pattern on Rice Yield, N Use Efficiency and Fertilizer–N Fate in the Yangtze River Basin, China
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27861491
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1841403039
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1841803598
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1846416525
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5115675
https://doaj.org/article/b00eec1aa7c14e38a12a5abadfb03413
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166002
Volume 11
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