Human MAIT cell cytolytic effector proteins synergize to overcome carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli

Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant antimicrobial T cells in humans and recognize antigens derived from the microbial riboflavin biosynthetic pathway presented by the MHC-Ib-related protein (MR1). However, the mechanisms responsible for MAIT cell antimicrobial activity are not fu...

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Published inPLoS biology Vol. 18; no. 6; p. e3000644
Main Authors Boulouis, Caroline, Sia, Wan Rong, Gulam, Muhammad Yaaseen, Teo, Jocelyn Qi Min, Png, Yi Tian, Phan, Thanh Kha, Mak, Jeffrey Y W, Fairlie, David P, Poon, Ivan K H, Koh, Tse Hsien, Bergman, Peter, Lim, Chwee Ming, Wang, Lin-Fa, Kwa, Andrea Lay Hoon, Sandberg, Johan K, Leeansyah, Edwin
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LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 08.06.2020
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Abstract Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant antimicrobial T cells in humans and recognize antigens derived from the microbial riboflavin biosynthetic pathway presented by the MHC-Ib-related protein (MR1). However, the mechanisms responsible for MAIT cell antimicrobial activity are not fully understood, and the efficacy of these mechanisms against antibiotic resistant bacteria has not been explored. Here, we show that MAIT cells mediate MR1-restricted antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli clinical strains in a manner dependent on the activity of cytolytic proteins but independent of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or induction of apoptosis in infected cells. The combined action of the pore-forming antimicrobial protein granulysin and the serine protease granzyme B released in response to T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated recognition of MR1-presented antigen is essential to mediate control against both cell-associated and free-living, extracellular forms of E. coli. Furthermore, MAIT cell-mediated bacterial control extends to multidrug-resistant E. coli primary clinical isolates additionally resistant to carbapenems, a class of last resort antibiotics. Notably, high levels of granulysin and granzyme B in the MAIT cell secretomes directly damage bacterial cells by increasing their permeability, rendering initially resistant E. coli susceptible to the bactericidal activity of carbapenems. These findings define the role of cytolytic effector proteins in MAIT cell-mediated antimicrobial activity and indicate that granulysin and granzyme B synergize to restore carbapenem bactericidal activity and overcome carbapenem resistance in E. coli.
AbstractList Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant antimicrobial T cells in humans and recognize antigens derived from the microbial riboflavin biosynthetic pathway presented by the MHC-Ib-related protein (MR1). However, the mechanisms responsible for MAIT cell antimicrobial activity are not fully understood, and the efficacy of these mechanisms against antibiotic resistant bacteria has not been explored. Here, we show that MAIT cells mediate MR1-restricted antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli clinical strains in a manner dependent on the activity of cytolytic proteins but independent of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or induction of apoptosis in infected cells. The combined action of the pore-forming antimicrobial protein granulysin and the serine protease granzyme B released in response to T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated recognition of MR1-presented antigen is essential to mediate control against both cell-associated and free-living, extracellular forms of E. coli. Furthermore, MAIT cell-mediated bacterial control extends to multidrug-resistant E. coli primary clinical isolates additionally resistant to carbapenems, a class of last resort antibiotics. Notably, high levels of granulysin and granzyme B in the MAIT cell secretomes directly damage bacterial cells by increasing their permeability, rendering initially resistant E. coli susceptible to the bactericidal activity of carbapenems. These findings define the role of cytolytic effector proteins in MAIT cell-mediated antimicrobial activity and indicate that granulysin and granzyme B synergize to restore carbapenem bactericidal activity and overcome carbapenem resistance in E. coli.
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant antimicrobial T cells in humans and recognize antigens derived from the microbial riboflavin biosynthetic pathway presented by the MHC-Ib-related protein (MR1). However, the mechanisms responsible for MAIT cell antimicrobial activity are not fully understood, and the efficacy of these mechanisms against antibiotic resistant bacteria has not been explored. Here, we show that MAIT cells mediate MR1-restricted antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli clinical strains in a manner dependent on the activity of cytolytic proteins but independent of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or induction of apoptosis in infected cells. The combined action of the pore-forming antimicrobial protein granulysin and the serine protease granzyme B released in response to T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated recognition of MR1-presented antigen is essential to mediate control against both cell-associated and free-living, extracellular forms of E . coli . Furthermore, MAIT cell-mediated bacterial control extends to multidrug-resistant E . coli primary clinical isolates additionally resistant to carbapenems, a class of last resort antibiotics. Notably, high levels of granulysin and granzyme B in the MAIT cell secretomes directly damage bacterial cells by increasing their permeability, rendering initially resistant E . coli susceptible to the bactericidal activity of carbapenems. These findings define the role of cytolytic effector proteins in MAIT cell-mediated antimicrobial activity and indicate that granulysin and granzyme B synergize to restore carbapenem bactericidal activity and overcome carbapenem resistance in E . coli . Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant antimicrobial T cells in humans that recognize bacterial metabolites. This study shows that MAIT cells exert potent antimicrobial activity against both cell-associated and extracellular forms of Escherichia coli, including strains that are resistant to the last resort antibiotics carbapenems.
Audience Academic
Author Teo, Jocelyn Qi Min
Bergman, Peter
Boulouis, Caroline
Gulam, Muhammad Yaaseen
Sandberg, Johan K
Png, Yi Tian
Mak, Jeffrey Y W
Lim, Chwee Ming
Wang, Lin-Fa
Poon, Ivan K H
Kwa, Andrea Lay Hoon
Phan, Thanh Kha
Fairlie, David P
Leeansyah, Edwin
Sia, Wan Rong
Koh, Tse Hsien
AuthorAffiliation 6 Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
National Jewish Medical and Research Center/Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UNITED STATES
3 Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
9 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
7 Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
5 Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
4 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
2 Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
11 Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Pe
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  surname: Leeansyah
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  organization: Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Peoples' Republic of China
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science
2020 Boulouis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2020 Boulouis et al 2020 Boulouis et al
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– notice: 2020 Boulouis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2020 Boulouis et al 2020 Boulouis et al
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Notes new_version
These authors also contributed equally to this work.
I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: David P Fairle is an inventor on a patent application (PCT/AU2013/000742, WO2014005194), and Jeffrey YW Mak and David P Fairlie are inventors on another patent application (PCT/AU2015/050148, WO2015149130) involving MR1 ligands for MR1-restricted MAIT cells owned by University of Queensland, Monash University and University of Melbourne. The other authors declare no competing interests.
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0000-0003-0505-4967
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0000-0002-8180-2202
0000-0002-6275-0750
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7302869/
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Snippet Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant antimicrobial T cells in humans and recognize antigens derived from the microbial riboflavin...
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SubjectTerms Analysis
Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics
Antigens
Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte - metabolism
Antiinfectives and antibacterials
Antimicrobial activity
Antimicrobial agents
Apoptosis
Bacteria
Bacterial infections
Bacterial Load - drug effects
Bactericidal activity
Biology
Biology and Life Sciences
Carbapenems
Carbapenems - pharmacology
Clinical isolates
Cytokines
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic - drug effects
Dosage and administration
Drug resistance
Drug resistance in microorganisms
Drug Resistance, Bacterial - drug effects
E coli
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli - drug effects
Flow cytometry
Funding
Granzyme B
Granzymes - metabolism
HeLa Cells
Hospitals
Humans
Infections
Infectious diseases
Inflammation
Kinetics
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Major histocompatibility complex
Medical schools
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Microorganisms
Mucosa
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells - immunology
Multidrug resistance
Otolaryngology
Pathogens
Permeability
Pharmacy
Pore formation
Proteins
R&D
Research & development
Research and analysis methods
Riboflavin
Serine
Serine proteinase
Surgery
Synergism
T cell receptors
T cells
T-cell receptor
Vitamin B
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Title Human MAIT cell cytolytic effector proteins synergize to overcome carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32511236
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7302869
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https://doaj.org/article/1a7439938aa940da856fd9dd1aad64f2
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000644
Volume 18
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