How did the guppy Y chromosome evolve?

The sex chromosome pairs of many species do not undergo genetic recombination, unlike the autosomes. It has been proposed that the suppressed recombination results from natural selection favouring close linkage between sex-determining genes and mutations on this chromosome with advantages in one sex...

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Published inPLoS genetics Vol. 17; no. 8; p. e1009704
Main Authors Charlesworth, Deborah, Bergero, Roberta, Graham, Chay, Gardner, Jim, Keegan, Karen
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published San Francisco Public Library of Science 09.08.2021
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects
Biology and Life Sciences
Coloration
Degeneration
Evolution
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic research
Genomes
Guppies
Localization
Males
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mutation
Natural history
Natural selection
Physiological aspects
Recombination
Sex chromosomes
Sex determination, Genetic
X chromosomes
Y chromosome
Y chromosomes
Zoological research
United Kingdom
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Abstract The sex chromosome pairs of many species do not undergo genetic recombination, unlike the autosomes. It has been proposed that the suppressed recombination results from natural selection favouring close linkage between sex-determining genes and mutations on this chromosome with advantages in one sex, but disadvantages in the other (these are called sexually antagonistic mutations). No example of such selection leading to suppressed recombination has been described, but populations of the guppy display sexually antagonistic mutations (affecting male coloration), and would be expected to evolve suppressed recombination. In extant close relatives of the guppy, the Y chromosomes have suppressed recombination, and have lost all the genes present on the X (this is called genetic degeneration). However, the guppy Y occasionally recombines with its X, despite carrying sexually antagonistic mutations. We describe evidence that a new Y evolved recently in the guppy, from an X chromosome like that in these relatives, replacing the old, degenerated Y, and explaining why the guppy pair still recombine. The male coloration factors probably arose after the new Y evolved, and have already evolved expression that is confined to males, a different way to avoid the conflict between the sexes.
AbstractList The sex chromosome pairs of many species do not undergo genetic recombination, unlike the autosomes. It has been proposed that the suppressed recombination results from natural selection favouring close linkage between sex-determining genes and mutations on this chromosome with advantages in one sex, but disadvantages in the other (these are called sexually antagonistic mutations). No example of such selection leading to suppressed recombination has been described, but populations of the guppy display sexually antagonistic mutations (affecting male coloration), and would be expected to evolve suppressed recombination. In extant close relatives of the guppy, the Y chromosomes have suppressed recombination, and have lost all the genes present on the X (this is called genetic degeneration). However, the guppy Y occasionally recombines with its X, despite carrying sexually antagonistic mutations. We describe evidence that a new Y evolved recently in the guppy, from an X chromosome like that in these relatives, replacing the old, degenerated Y, and explaining why the guppy pair still recombine. The male coloration factors probably arose after the new Y evolved, and have already evolved expression that is confined to males, a different way to avoid the conflict between the sexes. We report new findings concerning the long-studied the guppy XY pair, which has remained somewhat mystifying. We show that it can be understood as a case of a recent sex chromosome turnover event in which an older, highly degenerated Y chromosome was lost, and creation of a new sex chromosome from the ancestral X. This chromosome acquired a male-determining factor, possibly by a mutation in (or a duplication of) a previously X-linked gene, or (less likely) by movement of an ancestral Y-linked maleness factor onto the X. We relate the findings to theoretical models of such events, and argue that the proposed change was free from factors thought to impede such turnovers. The change resulted in the intriguing situation where the X chromosome is old and the Y is much younger, and we discuss some other species where a similar change seems likely to have occurred.
The sex chromosome pairs of many species do not undergo genetic recombination, unlike the autosomes. It has been proposed that the suppressed recombination results from natural selection favouring close linkage between sex-determining genes and mutations on this chromosome with advantages in one sex, but disadvantages in the other (these are called sexually antagonistic mutations). No example of such selection leading to suppressed recombination has been described, but populations of the guppy display sexually antagonistic mutations (affecting male coloration), and would be expected to evolve suppressed recombination. In extant close relatives of the guppy, the Y chromosomes have suppressed recombination, and have lost all the genes present on the X (this is called genetic degeneration). However, the guppy Y occasionally recombines with its X, despite carrying sexually antagonistic mutations. We describe evidence that a new Y evolved recently in the guppy, from an X chromosome like that in these relatives, replacing the old, degenerated Y, and explaining why the guppy pair still recombine. The male coloration factors probably arose after the new Y evolved, and have already evolved expression that is confined to males, a different way to avoid the conflict between the sexes.
Audience Academic
Author Graham, Chay
Bergero, Roberta
Keegan, Karen
Gardner, Jim
Charlesworth, Deborah
AuthorAffiliation 1 Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
2 University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
University of Georgia, UNITED STATES
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– notice: 2021 Charlesworth et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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Current address: Scottish Rural Agricultural College, Peter Wilson Building, The King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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SSID ssj0035897
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Snippet The sex chromosome pairs of many species do not undergo genetic recombination, unlike the autosomes. It has been proposed that the suppressed recombination...
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pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
StartPage e1009704
SubjectTerms Biology and Life Sciences
Coloration
Degeneration
Evolution
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic research
Genomes
Guppies
Localization
Males
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mutation
Natural history
Natural selection
Physiological aspects
Recombination
Sex chromosomes
Sex determination, Genetic
X chromosomes
Y chromosome
Y chromosomes
Zoological research
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Title How did the guppy Y chromosome evolve?
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2573455831
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2560066508
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8376059
https://doaj.org/article/a74fb9b179da4bfcab739dafbc4ced14
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009704
Volume 17
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