Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Acts in the Drosophila Mushroom Body to Negatively Regulate Sleep

Though evidence is mounting that a major function of sleep is to maintain brain plasticity and consolidate memory, little is known about the molecular pathways by which learning and sleep processes intercept. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk), the gene encoding a tyrosine receptor kinase whose inadve...

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Published inPLoS genetics Vol. 11; no. 11; p. e1005611
Main Authors Bai, Lei, Sehgal, Amita
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 01.11.2015
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Abstract Though evidence is mounting that a major function of sleep is to maintain brain plasticity and consolidate memory, little is known about the molecular pathways by which learning and sleep processes intercept. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk), the gene encoding a tyrosine receptor kinase whose inadvertent activation is the cause of many cancers, is implicated in synapse formation and cognitive functions. In particular, Alk genetically interacts with Neurofibromatosis 1 (Nf1) to regulate growth and associative learning in flies. We show that Alk mutants have increased sleep. Using a targeted RNAi screen we localized the negative effects of Alk on sleep to the mushroom body, a structure important for both sleep and memory. We also report that mutations in Nf1 produce a sexually dimorphic short sleep phenotype, and suppress the long sleep phenotype of Alk. Thus Alk and Nf1 interact in both learning and sleep regulation, highlighting a common pathway in these two processes.
AbstractList   Though evidence is mounting that a major function of sleep is to maintain brain plasticity and consolidate memory, little is known about the molecular pathways by which learning and sleep processes intercept. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk), the gene encoding a tyrosine receptor kinase whose inadvertent activation is the cause of many cancers, is implicated in synapse formation and cognitive functions. In particular, Alk genetically interacts with Neurofibromatosis 1 (Nf1) to regulate growth and associative learning in flies. We show that Alk mutants have increased sleep. Using a targeted RNAi screen we localized the negative effects of Alk on sleep to the mushroom body, a structure important for both sleep and memory. We also report that mutations in Nf1 produce a sexually dimorphic short sleep phenotype, and suppress the long sleep phenotype of Alk. Thus Alk and Nf1 interact in both learning and sleep regulation, highlighting a common pathway in these two processes.
Though evidence is mounting that a major function of sleep is to maintain brain plasticity and consolidate memory, little is known about the molecular pathways by which learning and sleep processes intercept. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk), the gene encoding a tyrosine receptor kinase whose inadvertent activation is the cause of many cancers, is implicated in synapse formation and cognitive functions. In particular, Alk genetically interacts with Neurofibromatosis 1 (Nf1) to regulate growth and associative learning in flies. We show that Alk mutants have increased sleep. Using a targeted RNAi screen we localized the negative effects of Alk on sleep to the mushroom body, a structure important for both sleep and memory. We also report that mutations in Nf1 produce a sexually dimorphic short sleep phenotype, and suppress the long sleep phenotype of Alk. Thus Alk and Nf1 interact in both learning and sleep regulation, highlighting a common pathway in these two processes.
Though evidence is mounting that a major function of sleep is to maintain brain plasticity and consolidate memory, little is known about the molecular pathways by which learning and sleep processes intercept. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( Alk ), the gene encoding a tyrosine receptor kinase whose inadvertent activation is the cause of many cancers, is implicated in synapse formation and cognitive functions. In particular, Alk genetically interacts with Neurofibromatosis 1 ( Nf1 ) to regulate growth and associative learning in flies. We show that Alk mutants have increased sleep. Using a targeted RNAi screen we localized the negative effects of Alk on sleep to the mushroom body, a structure important for both sleep and memory. We also report that mutations in Nf1 produce a sexually dimorphic short sleep phenotype, and suppress the long sleep phenotype of Alk . Thus Alk and Nf1 interact in both learning and sleep regulation, highlighting a common pathway in these two processes. Animal and human studies suggest that sleep has a profound impact on learning and memory. However, little is known about the molecular pathways linking these phenomena. We report that mutations in the Drosophila Anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( Alk ) gene, an ortholog of a human oncogene ALK, cause increased sleep. ALK is required for sleep suppression in the mushroom body, a structure important for both sleep and memory. ALK generally activates the Ras/ERK pathway, which is negatively regulated by Neurofibromin 1 (NF1). Mutations in Nf1 are the causes of the common neurological disorder Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), which affects 1 in 3,000 live births. We find that male flies lacking the NF1 protein have reduced sleep, a phenotype opposite that of Alk flies. Interestingly, even though mutations in Nf1 don’t always cause short sleep in female flies, they suppress the sleep increase induced by ALK inactivation. Previous studies have shown that Alk and Nf1 play antagonistic roles in learning and that both genes regulate synaptic growth. Thus Alk and Nf1 interact to regulate both sleep and learning, suggesting that the two processes share a common pathway. Our results support a model in which changes in synaptic plasticity during sleep promote learning and memory.
Though evidence is mounting that a major function of sleep is to maintain brain plasticity and consolidate memory, little is known about the molecular pathways by which learning and sleep processes intercept. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk), the gene encoding a tyrosine receptor kinase whose inadvertent activation is the cause of many cancers, is implicated in synapse formation and cognitive functions. In particular, Alk genetically interacts with Neurofibromatosis 1 (Nf1) to regulate growth and associative learning in flies. We show that Alk mutants have increased sleep. Using a targeted RNAi screen we localized the negative effects of Alk on sleep to the mushroom body, a structure important for both sleep and memory. We also report that mutations in Nf1 produce a sexually dimorphic short sleep phenotype, and suppress the long sleep phenotype of Alk. Thus Alk and Nf1 interact in both learning and sleep regulation, highlighting a common pathway in these two processes.Though evidence is mounting that a major function of sleep is to maintain brain plasticity and consolidate memory, little is known about the molecular pathways by which learning and sleep processes intercept. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk), the gene encoding a tyrosine receptor kinase whose inadvertent activation is the cause of many cancers, is implicated in synapse formation and cognitive functions. In particular, Alk genetically interacts with Neurofibromatosis 1 (Nf1) to regulate growth and associative learning in flies. We show that Alk mutants have increased sleep. Using a targeted RNAi screen we localized the negative effects of Alk on sleep to the mushroom body, a structure important for both sleep and memory. We also report that mutations in Nf1 produce a sexually dimorphic short sleep phenotype, and suppress the long sleep phenotype of Alk. Thus Alk and Nf1 interact in both learning and sleep regulation, highlighting a common pathway in these two processes.
Audience Academic
Author Bai, Lei
Sehgal, Amita
AuthorAffiliation 2 Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Washington University Medical School, UNITED STATES
1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Washington University Medical School, UNITED STATES
– name: 2 Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
– name: 1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science
2015 Bai, Sehgal 2015 Bai, Sehgal
2015 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Mushroom Body to Negatively Regulate Sleep. PLoS Genet 11(11): e1005611. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005611
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– notice: 2015 Bai, Sehgal 2015 Bai, Sehgal
– notice: 2015 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Mushroom Body to Negatively Regulate Sleep. PLoS Genet 11(11): e1005611. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005611
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Conceived and designed the experiments: LB AS. Performed the experiments: LB. Analyzed the data: LB. Wrote the paper: LB AS.
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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Snippet Though evidence is mounting that a major function of sleep is to maintain brain plasticity and consolidate memory, little is known about the molecular pathways...
  Though evidence is mounting that a major function of sleep is to maintain brain plasticity and consolidate memory, little is known about the molecular...
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SubjectTerms Analysis
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
Animals
Associative learning
Care and treatment
Circadian rhythm
Complications and side effects
Drosophila
Drosophila - physiology
Genes
Genotype & phenotype
Insects
Kinases
Lymphomas
Medical research
Memory
Mushroom Bodies - enzymology
Physiological aspects
Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - genetics
Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - metabolism
Sleep
Sleep - physiology
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Title Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Acts in the Drosophila Mushroom Body to Negatively Regulate Sleep
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005611
Volume 11
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