The relationship of serum vitamins A, D, E and LL-37 levels with allergic status, tonsillar virus detection and immune response

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 12; no. 2; p. e0172350
• Main Authors: Elenius, Varpu, Palomares, Oscar, Waris, Matti, Turunen, Riitta, Puhakka, Tuomo, Rückert, Beate, Vuorinen, Tytti, Allander, Tobias, Vahlberg, Tero, Akdis, Mübeccel, Camargo, Carlos A., Akdis, Cezmi A., Jartti, Tuomas
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 24.02.2017; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Acids; Adolescent; Adult; Allergens; Allergens - blood; Allergens - immunology; Allergic rhinitis; Allergies; Allergy; Anti-inflammatory agents; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - blood; Antimicrobial peptides; Asthma; Atopy; Biology and Life Sciences; Child; Cytokines; Eczema; Education; Female; Forkhead Transcription Factors - blood; Foxp3 protein; GATA-3 protein; Gene expression; Health aspects; Hospitals; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Hypersensitivity - blood; Hypersensitivity - virology; Immune response; Immune system; Immunity, Innate - immunology; Immunoassay; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin E - blood; Immunoglobulin E - immunology; Immunological tolerance; Immunomodulation; Inflammation; Innate immunity; Interferon-gamma - blood; Interleukin 10; Interleukin 13; Interleukin 17; Interleukin-1 - blood; Interleukin-17 - blood; Lymphocytes T; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Nasopharynx; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 - blood; Otolaryngology; Palatine Tonsil - immunology; Palatine Tonsil - surgery; Palatine Tonsil - virology; Patients; Pediatrics; Peptides; Physical sciences; Polymerase chain reaction; Pregnancy; Respiratory Tract Infections - blood; Respiratory Tract Infections - immunology; Respiratory Tract Infections - virology; Rhinitis; Risk factors; Studies; Systematic review; T cells; Throat surgery; Tocopherol; Tonsillectomy; Tonsils; Transcription factors; Virology; Viruses; Vitamin A; Vitamin A - blood; Vitamin D; Vitamin D - blood; Vitamin deficiency; Vitamin E; Vitamin E - blood; Vitamins; Young Adult; α-Interferon; β-Interferon; γ-Interferon; Sweden; Netherlands; United States > US; Massachusetts; Finland; Switzerland; Germany
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172350

Tonsils have an active role in immune defence and inducing and maintaining tolerance to allergens. Vitamins A, D, and E, and antimicrobial peptide LL-37 may have immunomodulatory effects. We studied how their serum levels were associated with allergy status, intratonsillar/nasopharyngeal virus detec...