Response of the cholesterol metabolism to a negative energy balance in dairy cows depends on the lactational stage
The response of cholesterol metabolism to a negative energy balance (NEB) induced by feed restriction for 3 weeks starting at 100 days in milk (DIM) compared to the physiologically occurring NEB in week 1 postpartum (p.p.) was investigated in 50 dairy cows (25 control (CON) and 25 feed-restricted (R...
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Published in | PloS one Vol. 10; no. 6; p. e0121956 |
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Abstract | The response of cholesterol metabolism to a negative energy balance (NEB) induced by feed restriction for 3 weeks starting at 100 days in milk (DIM) compared to the physiologically occurring NEB in week 1 postpartum (p.p.) was investigated in 50 dairy cows (25 control (CON) and 25 feed-restricted (RES)). Blood samples, liver biopsies and milk samples were taken in week 1 p.p., and in weeks 0 and 3 of feed restriction. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (C), phospholipids (PL), triglycerides (TAG), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) increased in RES cows from week 0 to 3 during feed restriction and were higher in week 3 compared to CON cows. In contrast, during the physiologically occurring NEB in week 1 p.p., C, PL, TAG and lipoprotein concentrations were at a minimum. Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities did not differ between week 0 and 3 for both groups, whereas during NEB in week 1 p.p. PLTP activity was increased and LCAT activity was decreased. Milk C concentration was not affected by feed restriction in both groups, whereas milk C mass was decreased in week 3 for RES cows. In comparison, C concentration and mass in milk were elevated in week 1 p.p. Hepatic mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding factor-2 (SREBF-2), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 1 (HMGCS1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), and ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA1) were similar in CON and RES cows during feed restriction, but were upregulated during NEB in week 1 p.p. compared to the non-lactating stage without a NEB. In conclusion, cholesterol metabolism in dairy cows is affected by nutrient and energy deficiency depending on the stage of lactation. |
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AbstractList | The response of cholesterol metabolism to a negative energy balance (NEB) induced by feed restriction for 3 weeks starting at 100 days in milk (DIM) compared to the physiologically occurring NEB in week 1 postpartum (p.p.) was investigated in 50 dairy cows (25 control (CON) and 25 feed-restricted (RES)). Blood samples, liver biopsies and milk samples were taken in week 1 p.p., and in weeks 0 and 3 of feed restriction. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (C), phospholipids (PL), triglycerides (TAG), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) increased in RES cows from week 0 to 3 during feed restriction and were higher in week 3 compared to CON cows. In contrast, during the physiologically occurring NEB in week 1 p.p., C, PL, TAG and lipoprotein concentrations were at a minimum. Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities did not differ between week 0 and 3 for both groups, whereas during NEB in week 1 p.p. PLTP activity was increased and LCAT activity was decreased. Milk C concentration was not affected by feed restriction in both groups, whereas milk C mass was decreased in week 3 for RES cows. In comparison, C concentration and mass in milk were elevated in week 1 p.p. Hepatic mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding factor-2 (SREBF-2), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 1 (HMGCS1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), and ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA1) were similar in CON and RES cows during feed restriction, but were upregulated during NEB in week 1 p.p. compared to the non-lactating stage without a NEB. In conclusion, cholesterol metabolism in dairy cows is affected by nutrient and energy deficiency depending on the stage of lactation. The response of cholesterol metabolism to a negative energy balance (NEB) induced by feed restriction for 3 weeks starting at 100 days in milk (DIM) compared to the physiologically occurring NEB in week 1 postpartum (p.p.) was investigated in 50 dairy cows (25 control (CON) and 25 feed-restricted (RES)). Blood samples, liver biopsies and milk samples were taken in week 1 p.p., and in weeks 0 and 3 of feed restriction. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (C), phospholipids (PL), triglycerides (TAG), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) increased in RES cows from week 0 to 3 during feed restriction and were higher in week 3 compared to CON cows. In contrast, during the physiologically occurring NEB in week 1 p.p., C, PL, TAG and lipoprotein concentrations were at a minimum. Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities did not differ between week 0 and 3 for both groups, whereas during NEB in week 1 p.p. PLTP activity was increased and LCAT activity was decreased. Milk C concentration was not affected by feed restriction in both groups, whereas milk C mass was decreased in week 3 for RES cows. In comparison, C concentration and mass in milk were elevated in week 1 p.p. Hepatic mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding factor-2 ( SREBF-2 ), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 1 ( HMGCS1 ), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase ( HMGCR ), and ATP-binding cassette transporter ( ABCA1 ) were similar in CON and RES cows during feed restriction, but were upregulated during NEB in week 1 p.p. compared to the non-lactating stage without a NEB. In conclusion, cholesterol metabolism in dairy cows is affected by nutrient and energy deficiency depending on the stage of lactation. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Gross, Josef J Bruckmaier, Rupert M Albrecht, Christiane Kessler, Evelyne C |
AuthorAffiliation | 3 Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 2 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 1 Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland – name: 2 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland – name: 1 Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Josef J surname: Gross fullname: Gross, Josef J organization: Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland – sequence: 2 givenname: Evelyne C surname: Kessler fullname: Kessler, Evelyne C organization: Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland – sequence: 3 givenname: Christiane surname: Albrecht fullname: Albrecht, Christiane organization: Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland – sequence: 4 givenname: Rupert M surname: Bruckmaier fullname: Bruckmaier, Rupert M organization: Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26034989$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceived and designed the experiments: RMB. Performed the experiments: JJG ECK. Analyzed the data: JJG ECK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CA RMB. Wrote the paper: JJG ECK CA RMB. |
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SubjectTerms | ABCA1 protein Acyltransferase Adaptation Animal lactation Animals Apolipoproteins ATP-binding protein Binding Body fat Case-Control Studies Cattle Cholesterol Cholesterol - genetics Cholesterol - metabolism Coenzyme A Dairy cattle Dairying Energy Energy balance Energy metabolism Energy Metabolism - physiology Feeds Female Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation Genetic aspects Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase Lactation Lactation - metabolism Lecithin Lipid metabolism Lipids Lipids - blood Lipoproteins (very low density) Liver Liver - metabolism Liver - physiology Low density lipoprotein Metabolism Metabolites Milk Milk - metabolism mRNA Nutrient deficiency Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase - metabolism Phospholipid transfer protein Phospholipids Physiological aspects Physiology Postpartum Proteins Regulatory sequences Rodents Triglycerides Triglycerides - blood |
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Title | Response of the cholesterol metabolism to a negative energy balance in dairy cows depends on the lactational stage |
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