Myocardial global longitudinal strain: An early indicator of cardiac interstitial fibrosis modified by spironolactone, in a unique hypertensive rat model
Is global longitudinal strain (GLS) a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a hypertensive rodent model. Hypertension results in left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Speckle-tracking echocardiography...
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| Published in | PloS one Vol. 14; no. 8; p. e0220837 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
Public Library of Science
12.08.2019
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| Abstract | Is global longitudinal strain (GLS) a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a hypertensive rodent model.
Hypertension results in left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Speckle-tracking echocardiography has emerged as a robust technique to evaluate cardiac function in humans compared with standard echocardiography. However, its use in animal studies is less clearly defined.
Cyp1a1Ren2 transgenic rats were randomly assigned to three groups; normotensive, untreated hypertensive or hypertensive with daily administration of spironolactone (human equivalent dose of 50 mg/day). Cardiac function and interstitial fibrosis development were monitored for three months.
The lower limit of normal LVEF was calculated to be 75%. After three months hypertensive animals (196±21 mmHg systolic blood pressure (SBP)) showed increased cardiac fibrosis (8.8±3.2% compared with 2.4±0.7% % in normals), reduced LVEF (from 81±2% to 67±7%) and impaired myocardial GLS (from -17±2% to -11±2) (all p<0.001). Myocardial GLS demonstrated a stronger correlation with cardiac interstitial fibrosis (r2 = 0.58, p<0.0001) than LVEF (r2 = 0.37, p<0.006). Spironolactone significantly blunted SBP elevation (184±15, p<0.01), slowed the progression of cardiac fibrosis (4.9±1.4%, p<0.001), reduced the decline in LVEF (72±4%, p<0.05) and the degree of impaired myocardial GLS (-13±1%, p<0.01) compared to hypertensive animals.
This study has demonstrated that, myocardial GLS is a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis compared to standard echocardiography, in an animal model of both treated and untreated hypertension. Spironolactone blunted the progression of cardiac fibrosis and deterioration of myocardial GLS. |
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| AbstractList | Is global longitudinal strain (GLS) a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a hypertensive rodent model. Hypertension results in left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Speckle-tracking echocardiography has emerged as a robust technique to evaluate cardiac function in humans compared with standard echocardiography. However, its use in animal studies is less clearly defined. Cyp1a1Ren2 transgenic rats were randomly assigned to three groups; normotensive, untreated hypertensive or hypertensive with daily administration of spironolactone (human equivalent dose of 50 mg/day). Cardiac function and interstitial fibrosis development were monitored for three months. The lower limit of normal LVEF was calculated to be 75%. After three months hypertensive animals (196±21 mmHg systolic blood pressure (SBP)) showed increased cardiac fibrosis (8.8±3.2% compared with 2.4±0.7% % in normals), reduced LVEF (from 81±2% to 67±7%) and impaired myocardial GLS (from -17±2% to -11±2) (all p<0.001). Myocardial GLS demonstrated a stronger correlation with cardiac interstitial fibrosis (r.sup.2 = 0.58, p<0.0001) than LVEF (r.sup.2 = 0.37, p<0.006). Spironolactone significantly blunted SBP elevation (184±15, p<0.01), slowed the progression of cardiac fibrosis (4.9±1.4%, p<0.001), reduced the decline in LVEF (72±4%, p<0.05) and the degree of impaired myocardial GLS (-13±1%, p<0.01) compared to hypertensive animals. This study has demonstrated that, myocardial GLS is a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis compared to standard echocardiography, in an animal model of both treated and untreated hypertension. Spironolactone blunted the progression of cardiac fibrosis and deterioration of myocardial GLS. Is global longitudinal strain (GLS) a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a hypertensive rodent model.OBJECTIVESIs global longitudinal strain (GLS) a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a hypertensive rodent model.Hypertension results in left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Speckle-tracking echocardiography has emerged as a robust technique to evaluate cardiac function in humans compared with standard echocardiography. However, its use in animal studies is less clearly defined.BACKGROUNDHypertension results in left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Speckle-tracking echocardiography has emerged as a robust technique to evaluate cardiac function in humans compared with standard echocardiography. However, its use in animal studies is less clearly defined.Cyp1a1Ren2 transgenic rats were randomly assigned to three groups; normotensive, untreated hypertensive or hypertensive with daily administration of spironolactone (human equivalent dose of 50 mg/day). Cardiac function and interstitial fibrosis development were monitored for three months.METHODSCyp1a1Ren2 transgenic rats were randomly assigned to three groups; normotensive, untreated hypertensive or hypertensive with daily administration of spironolactone (human equivalent dose of 50 mg/day). Cardiac function and interstitial fibrosis development were monitored for three months.The lower limit of normal LVEF was calculated to be 75%. After three months hypertensive animals (196±21 mmHg systolic blood pressure (SBP)) showed increased cardiac fibrosis (8.8±3.2% compared with 2.4±0.7% % in normals), reduced LVEF (from 81±2% to 67±7%) and impaired myocardial GLS (from -17±2% to -11±2) (all p<0.001). Myocardial GLS demonstrated a stronger correlation with cardiac interstitial fibrosis (r2 = 0.58, p<0.0001) than LVEF (r2 = 0.37, p<0.006). Spironolactone significantly blunted SBP elevation (184±15, p<0.01), slowed the progression of cardiac fibrosis (4.9±1.4%, p<0.001), reduced the decline in LVEF (72±4%, p<0.05) and the degree of impaired myocardial GLS (-13±1%, p<0.01) compared to hypertensive animals.RESULTSThe lower limit of normal LVEF was calculated to be 75%. After three months hypertensive animals (196±21 mmHg systolic blood pressure (SBP)) showed increased cardiac fibrosis (8.8±3.2% compared with 2.4±0.7% % in normals), reduced LVEF (from 81±2% to 67±7%) and impaired myocardial GLS (from -17±2% to -11±2) (all p<0.001). Myocardial GLS demonstrated a stronger correlation with cardiac interstitial fibrosis (r2 = 0.58, p<0.0001) than LVEF (r2 = 0.37, p<0.006). Spironolactone significantly blunted SBP elevation (184±15, p<0.01), slowed the progression of cardiac fibrosis (4.9±1.4%, p<0.001), reduced the decline in LVEF (72±4%, p<0.05) and the degree of impaired myocardial GLS (-13±1%, p<0.01) compared to hypertensive animals.This study has demonstrated that, myocardial GLS is a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis compared to standard echocardiography, in an animal model of both treated and untreated hypertension. Spironolactone blunted the progression of cardiac fibrosis and deterioration of myocardial GLS.CONCLUSIONSThis study has demonstrated that, myocardial GLS is a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis compared to standard echocardiography, in an animal model of both treated and untreated hypertension. Spironolactone blunted the progression of cardiac fibrosis and deterioration of myocardial GLS. Objectives Is global longitudinal strain (GLS) a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a hypertensive rodent model. Background Hypertension results in left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Speckle-tracking echocardiography has emerged as a robust technique to evaluate cardiac function in humans compared with standard echocardiography. However, its use in animal studies is less clearly defined. Methods Cyp1a1Ren2 transgenic rats were randomly assigned to three groups; normotensive, untreated hypertensive or hypertensive with daily administration of spironolactone (human equivalent dose of 50 mg/day). Cardiac function and interstitial fibrosis development were monitored for three months. Results The lower limit of normal LVEF was calculated to be 75%. After three months hypertensive animals (196±21 mmHg systolic blood pressure (SBP)) showed increased cardiac fibrosis (8.8±3.2% compared with 2.4±0.7% % in normals), reduced LVEF (from 81±2% to 67±7%) and impaired myocardial GLS (from -17±2% to -11±2) (all p<0.001). Myocardial GLS demonstrated a stronger correlation with cardiac interstitial fibrosis (r.sup.2 = 0.58, p<0.0001) than LVEF (r.sup.2 = 0.37, p<0.006). Spironolactone significantly blunted SBP elevation (184±15, p<0.01), slowed the progression of cardiac fibrosis (4.9±1.4%, p<0.001), reduced the decline in LVEF (72±4%, p<0.05) and the degree of impaired myocardial GLS (-13±1%, p<0.01) compared to hypertensive animals. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that, myocardial GLS is a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis compared to standard echocardiography, in an animal model of both treated and untreated hypertension. Spironolactone blunted the progression of cardiac fibrosis and deterioration of myocardial GLS. Objectives Is global longitudinal strain (GLS) a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a hypertensive rodent model. Background Hypertension results in left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Speckle-tracking echocardiography has emerged as a robust technique to evaluate cardiac function in humans compared with standard echocardiography. However, its use in animal studies is less clearly defined. Methods Cyp1a1Ren2 transgenic rats were randomly assigned to three groups; normotensive, untreated hypertensive or hypertensive with daily administration of spironolactone (human equivalent dose of 50 mg/day). Cardiac function and interstitial fibrosis development were monitored for three months. Results The lower limit of normal LVEF was calculated to be 75%. After three months hypertensive animals (196±21 mmHg systolic blood pressure (SBP)) showed increased cardiac fibrosis (8.8±3.2% compared with 2.4±0.7% % in normals), reduced LVEF (from 81±2% to 67±7%) and impaired myocardial GLS (from -17±2% to -11±2) (all p<0.001). Myocardial GLS demonstrated a stronger correlation with cardiac interstitial fibrosis (r2 = 0.58, p<0.0001) than LVEF (r2 = 0.37, p<0.006). Spironolactone significantly blunted SBP elevation (184±15, p<0.01), slowed the progression of cardiac fibrosis (4.9±1.4%, p<0.001), reduced the decline in LVEF (72±4%, p<0.05) and the degree of impaired myocardial GLS (-13±1%, p<0.01) compared to hypertensive animals. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that, myocardial GLS is a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis compared to standard echocardiography, in an animal model of both treated and untreated hypertension. Spironolactone blunted the progression of cardiac fibrosis and deterioration of myocardial GLS. ObjectivesIs global longitudinal strain (GLS) a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a hypertensive rodent model.BackgroundHypertension results in left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Speckle-tracking echocardiography has emerged as a robust technique to evaluate cardiac function in humans compared with standard echocardiography. However, its use in animal studies is less clearly defined.MethodsCyp1a1Ren2 transgenic rats were randomly assigned to three groups; normotensive, untreated hypertensive or hypertensive with daily administration of spironolactone (human equivalent dose of 50 mg/day). Cardiac function and interstitial fibrosis development were monitored for three months.ResultsThe lower limit of normal LVEF was calculated to be 75%. After three months hypertensive animals (196±21 mmHg systolic blood pressure (SBP)) showed increased cardiac fibrosis (8.8±3.2% compared with 2.4±0.7% % in normals), reduced LVEF (from 81±2% to 67±7%) and impaired myocardial GLS (from -17±2% to -11±2) (all p<0.001). Myocardial GLS demonstrated a stronger correlation with cardiac interstitial fibrosis (r2 = 0.58, p<0.0001) than LVEF (r2 = 0.37, p<0.006). Spironolactone significantly blunted SBP elevation (184±15, p<0.01), slowed the progression of cardiac fibrosis (4.9±1.4%, p<0.001), reduced the decline in LVEF (72±4%, p<0.05) and the degree of impaired myocardial GLS (-13±1%, p<0.01) compared to hypertensive animals.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated that, myocardial GLS is a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis compared to standard echocardiography, in an animal model of both treated and untreated hypertension. Spironolactone blunted the progression of cardiac fibrosis and deterioration of myocardial GLS. Objectives Is global longitudinal strain (GLS) a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a hypertensive rodent model. Background Hypertension results in left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Speckle-tracking echocardiography has emerged as a robust technique to evaluate cardiac function in humans compared with standard echocardiography. However, its use in animal studies is less clearly defined. Methods Cyp1a1Ren2 transgenic rats were randomly assigned to three groups; normotensive, untreated hypertensive or hypertensive with daily administration of spironolactone (human equivalent dose of 50 mg/day). Cardiac function and interstitial fibrosis development were monitored for three months. Results The lower limit of normal LVEF was calculated to be 75%. After three months hypertensive animals (196±21 mmHg systolic blood pressure (SBP)) showed increased cardiac fibrosis (8.8±3.2% compared with 2.4±0.7% % in normals), reduced LVEF (from 81±2% to 67±7%) and impaired myocardial GLS (from -17±2% to -11±2) (all p<0.001). Myocardial GLS demonstrated a stronger correlation with cardiac interstitial fibrosis (r2 = 0.58, p<0.0001) than LVEF (r2 = 0.37, p<0.006). Spironolactone significantly blunted SBP elevation (184±15, p<0.01), slowed the progression of cardiac fibrosis (4.9±1.4%, p<0.001), reduced the decline in LVEF (72±4%, p<0.05) and the degree of impaired myocardial GLS (-13±1%, p<0.01) compared to hypertensive animals. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that, myocardial GLS is a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis compared to standard echocardiography, in an animal model of both treated and untreated hypertension. Spironolactone blunted the progression of cardiac fibrosis and deterioration of myocardial GLS. Is global longitudinal strain (GLS) a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a hypertensive rodent model. Hypertension results in left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Speckle-tracking echocardiography has emerged as a robust technique to evaluate cardiac function in humans compared with standard echocardiography. However, its use in animal studies is less clearly defined. Cyp1a1Ren2 transgenic rats were randomly assigned to three groups; normotensive, untreated hypertensive or hypertensive with daily administration of spironolactone (human equivalent dose of 50 mg/day). Cardiac function and interstitial fibrosis development were monitored for three months. The lower limit of normal LVEF was calculated to be 75%. After three months hypertensive animals (196±21 mmHg systolic blood pressure (SBP)) showed increased cardiac fibrosis (8.8±3.2% compared with 2.4±0.7% % in normals), reduced LVEF (from 81±2% to 67±7%) and impaired myocardial GLS (from -17±2% to -11±2) (all p<0.001). Myocardial GLS demonstrated a stronger correlation with cardiac interstitial fibrosis (r2 = 0.58, p<0.0001) than LVEF (r2 = 0.37, p<0.006). Spironolactone significantly blunted SBP elevation (184±15, p<0.01), slowed the progression of cardiac fibrosis (4.9±1.4%, p<0.001), reduced the decline in LVEF (72±4%, p<0.05) and the degree of impaired myocardial GLS (-13±1%, p<0.01) compared to hypertensive animals. This study has demonstrated that, myocardial GLS is a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis compared to standard echocardiography, in an animal model of both treated and untreated hypertension. Spironolactone blunted the progression of cardiac fibrosis and deterioration of myocardial GLS. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Wilkins, Gerard W. Sammut, Ivan A. Moharram, Mohammed Walker, Robert J. Coffey, Sean Leader, Catherine J. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand 2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, ITALY |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand – name: 1 Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand – name: Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, ITALY |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Catherine J. surname: Leader fullname: Leader, Catherine J. – sequence: 2 givenname: Mohammed surname: Moharram fullname: Moharram, Mohammed – sequence: 3 givenname: Sean orcidid: 0000-0003-2312-4666 surname: Coffey fullname: Coffey, Sean – sequence: 4 givenname: Ivan A. surname: Sammut fullname: Sammut, Ivan A. – sequence: 5 givenname: Gerard W. surname: Wilkins fullname: Wilkins, Gerard W. – sequence: 6 givenname: Robert J. orcidid: 0000-0003-3366-0956 surname: Walker fullname: Walker, Robert J. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31404095$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science 2019 Leader et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2019 Leader et al 2019 Leader et al |
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| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0220837 |
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| Snippet | Is global longitudinal strain (GLS) a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in... Objectives Is global longitudinal strain (GLS) a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis than left ventricular ejection fraction... ObjectivesIs global longitudinal strain (GLS) a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis than left ventricular ejection fraction... Objectives Is global longitudinal strain (GLS) a more accurate non-invasive measure of histological myocardial fibrosis than left ventricular ejection fraction... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animal genetic engineering Animal models Animals Antiandrogens Biology and Life Sciences Blood pressure Cardiotonic Agents - therapeutic use Cardiovascular disease Care and treatment Comparative analysis Complications and side effects Development and progression Diagnosis Disease Models, Animal Drug dosages Echocardiography Endomyocardial Fibrosis - drug therapy Endomyocardial Fibrosis - etiology Endomyocardial Fibrosis - pathology Endomyocardial Fibrosis - physiopathology Fibrosis Genetic engineering Heart Heart failure Heart hypertrophy Hypertension Hypertension - complications Hypertension - diagnostic imaging Hypertension - physiopathology Hypertrophy Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular - etiology Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular - physiopathology Longitude Male Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Methods Mortality Rats Rats, Transgenic Research and Analysis Methods Rodents Spironolactone Spironolactone - therapeutic use Stroke Volume Studies Systematic review Testing Ventricle Ventricular Function, Left |
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| Title | Myocardial global longitudinal strain: An early indicator of cardiac interstitial fibrosis modified by spironolactone, in a unique hypertensive rat model |
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