RNA sequencing of the human milk fat layer transcriptome reveals distinct gene expression profiles at three stages of lactation

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 8; no. 7; p. e67531
• Main Authors: Lemay, Danielle G, Ballard, Olivia A, Hughes, Maria A, Morrow, Ardythe L, Horseman, Nelson D, Nommsen-Rivers, Laurie A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 05.07.2013; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adult; Bioindicators; Bioinformatics; Biology; Biomarkers; Biosynthetic Pathways; Breast feeding; Breast milk; Breastfeeding & lactation; Casein; Cathepsins; Cluster Analysis; Colostrum; DNA microarrays; Female; Gene expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Regulatory Networks; Gene sequencing; Genes; Genomes; Genomics; Globules; Hospitals; Humans; Immune system; Insulin; Insulin - metabolism; Insulin resistance; Insulin Resistance - genetics; Lactalbumin; Lactation; Lactation - genetics; Lactation - metabolism; Lactose; Lactose - biosynthesis; Lipids; Medicine; Messenger RNA; Milk; Milk fat globule membranes; Milk production; Milk, Human; Neonates; Oils & fats; Packaging; Pediatrics; Physiology; Postpartum; Pregnancy; Protein biosynthesis; Protein synthesis; Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase; Proteins; Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2 - genetics; Reproducibility of Results; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; RNA probes; RNA sequencing; RNA, Messenger - genetics; Rodents; Signal Transduction; Signaling; Transcription; Transcriptome; Tyrosine; United States > US; Ohio; California

Aware of the important benefits of human milk, most U.S. women initiate breastfeeding but difficulties with milk supply lead some to quit earlier than intended. Yet, the contribution of maternal physiology to lactation difficulties remains poorly understood. Human milk fat globules, by enveloping ce...